Determination of Soil-to-Apricot Transfer Factors and Radioactivity Levels of Natural Radionuclides

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 1888 - 1902, 15.12.2024

Halime Kayakökü

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1501538

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the natural radionuclide concentrations and transfer factors of these radionuclides from soil to fresh apricot in agricultural lands in Malatya and in the fruits of apricot trees planted in these lands. It is also to determine the annual effective ingestion dose (AEingest) and the cancer risk (LCR) that may occur as a result of the consumption of apricots. In study, the mean concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides in soil samples were calculated as 17.9±0.5 Bq/kg, 14.1±0.4 Bq/kg and 445.2±8.0 Bq/kg, respectively. The activity values of 226Ra and 232Th calculated for soil samples were found below limit values, while the values calculated for 40K were found above the limit values except for T-2, T-4 and T-10. Transfer factors calculated for 226Ra radionuclide transfer from soil to apricot samples in agricultural lands were between 0.44±0.01 and 0.78±0.06, transfer factors calculated for 232Th radionuclide transfer were between 0.36±0.02 and 0.79±0.06 and transfer factors calculated for 40K radionuclide transfer were between 0.24±0.02 and 0.70±0.08. All TF values were found to be less than 1. In the study, it was observed that the results and averages obtained as a result of AEingest and LCR calculations were below the permissible limit values.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transfer factor, Natural radioactivity, Apricot, Gamma energy, Radionuclide concentration, Soil

Proje Numarası

Yok

Doğal Radyonüklidlerin Topraktan Kayısıya Transfer Faktörlerinin ve Radyoaktivite Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Malatya'daki tarım arazilerinde ve bu arazilere dikilen kayısı ağaçlarının meyvelerinde doğal radyonüklid konsantrasyonlarını ve bu radyonüklidlerin topraktan taze kayısıya transfer faktörlerini (TF) belirlemektir. Ayrıca, kayısının tüketilmesi sonucunda maruz kalınacak yıllık etkin sindirim dozunu (AEingest) ve oluşabilecek kanser riskini (LCR) de belirlemektir. Çalışmada, 226Ra, 232Th ve 40K radyonüklidlerinin toprak örneklerindeki ortalama konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 17,9 ± 0,5 Bq/kg, 14,1 ± 0,4 Bq/kg ve 445,2 ± 8,0 Bq/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Toprak örnekleri için hesaplanan 226Ra ve 232Th aktivite değerleri sınır değerlerin altında bulunurken, 40K için hesaplanan değerler T-2, T-4 ve T-10 hariç sınır değerlerin üzerinde bulunmuştur. Tarım arazilerindeki kayısı örneklerine topraktan geçen 226Ra radyonüklidi için hesaplanan transfer faktörleri 0,44 ± 0,01 ile 0,78 ± 0,06 arasında, 232Th radyonüklid geçişi için hesaplanan transfer faktörleri 0,36 ± 0,02 ile 0,79 ± 0,06 arasında ve 40K radyonüklid geçişi için hesaplanan transfer faktörleri ise, 0,24 ± 0,02 ile 0,70 ± 0,08 arasında değişmektedir. Tüm TF değerleri 1'den küçük bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, AEingest ve LCR hesaplamaları sonucunda elde edilen sonuçların ve ortalamaların izin verilen sınır değerlerin altında olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transfer faktörü, Doğal radyoaktivite, Kayısı, Gama enerjisi, Radyonüklid konsantrasyonu, Toprak

Etik Beyan

Etiğe uygun

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

• Abdou, N.Y., Hegazy, R.A., Eissa, H.S., (2017). Measurement of gammaactivity from clay soil and the leaves of Jew’s-mallow plantenhanced by fertilizers. World Appl Sci J 35(1):128–136.
• Abu Shayeb, M., Alharbi, T., and Baloch, M.A., (2018). Transfer factors for natural radioactivity into palm pits. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,167, 75-79.
• Agar, O., Boztosun, I., Korkmaz, M., Ozmen, S.F., (2014). Measurement of radioactivity levels and assessment of radioactivity hazards of soil samples in Karaman, Turkey. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 162:4, 630–637.
• Ahmad, F., (2007). Impact of fertilizers on background radioactivity level in two newly developed desert areas, Radiation Effects & Defects in Solids, 162:1, 31-42.
• Al-Hamarneh, İ.F., Alkhomashi, N., and Almasoud F.I., (2016). Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the Northwestern Saudi Arabia.. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 160, 1-7.
• Asaduzzaman, K., Khandaker, M.U., Amin, Y.M., Bradley, D.A., Mahat, R.H., Nor, R.M., (2014). Soil-to-root vegetable transfer factors for 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 88Y in Malaysia, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 135: 120–127.
• Baker, A.J.M. and Brooks, R.R., (1989). Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements- a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry, Biorecovery, 1, 81–126.
• Bal, S.Ş., Kursat, M., Kuluöztürk, M.F., Çelik Ş.K., Yılmaz, E., (2023). Soil to plant transfer of 226Ra, 232Th and 137Cs to some medicinal and aromatic plants growing in Bitlis (Turkey). Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 257, 107089.
• Cengiz, G.B., (2019). Transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from soil to pasture-grass in the northeastern of Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 319, 83-89.
• Chakraborty, S.R., Azim, R., Rahman, A.K.M.R., Rashmi, S., (2013). Radioactivity concentrations in soil and transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to grass and plants in the Chittagong city of Bangladesh. J. Phys. Sci. 24, 95–113.
• Eisenbud, M., (1987). Environmental Radioactivity: from Natural, Industrial, and Military Sources, Academic Pres, San Diego.
• FAO/IAEA/IUR (1998). Protocol for Experimental Studies on the Uptake of Radionuclides from Soil by Plants. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna.
• Gaffer, S., Ferdous, M.J., Begum, A., Ullah, S.M., (2014). Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to plants in North Western parts of Dhaka. Malaysian J. Soil Sc 18, 61–74.
• Güven, A., Cengiz, B.C., Çağlar, İ., Çağlar, Ateş, S., (2023). Evaluation of radioactivity levels and radiological hazards of some endemic plants used as medicine in Ankara, Turkey. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 200, 110939.
• Harb, S., Michel, R., (2009). Uptake of U-and Th-series radionuclides by cereal crops in Upper Egypt. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 20, 99–105.
• Hu, N., Ding, D., Li, G., Zheng, J., Li, L., Zhao, W. ve Wang, Y., (2014). Vegetation composition and 226Ra uptake by native plant species at a uranium mill tailings impoundment in South China, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 129, 100-106.
• IAEA (1989). Measurement of Radionuclides in Food and the Environment. IAEA, Austria. Technical Reports Series No. 295. IAEA, 1400 Vienna.
• IAEA (2010). Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments (Vol. 364). Technical Reports Series No.472, p.79.
• ICRP (1990) Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60, 21, 1–3.
• Keser, R., Görür, F.K., Akçay, N. and Okumuşoǧlu, N.T., (2011). Radionuclide concentration in tea, cabbage, orange, kiwi and soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Rize, Turkey. J. Sci. Food Agric., 91: 987-991.
• Khandaker, M.U., Nasir, N.L.M., Asaduzzaman, K., Olatunji, M.A., Amin, Y.M., Kassim, H.A., Bradley, D.A., Jojo, P.J., Alrefaed, T., (2016). Evaluation of radionuclides transfer from soil-to-edible flora and estimation of radiological dose to the Malaysian populace, Chemosphere, 154: 528–536.
• Kırış, E., (2019). Radiological evaluation of fruit and soil samples of cherry laurel plant (Prunus laurocerasus L.) growing in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. GUSTIJ, 2, 229-238.
• Makki, A.A., Hajjar, D., Bagais, O., Soliman, M., (2024). Soil-to-plant transfer factor of natural radionuclides and associated health risk in some vegetable species in arid area. J Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
• Nadal, M., Casacuberta, N., Garcia-Orellana, J., Ferr´e-Huguet, N., Masqu´e, P., Schuhmacher, M., Domingo, J.L., (2011). Human health risk assessment of environmental and dietary exposure to natural radionuclides in the Catalan stretch of the Ebro River, Spain. Environ. Monit. Assess. 175, 455–468.
• Nurtjahya, E., Mellawati, J., Pratama, D., Syahrir, S., (2023). Study of soil–to–plant transfer factors (TFs) of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K on plants cultivated on ex–tin mining land in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 261, 107144.
• Otu, D., (2021). Investigation of radionuclides passed from various fertilizers to plants by gamma spectroscopy method. İstanbul University Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences. M.Sc. Thesis.
• Rout, S., Yadav, S., Pulhani, V., (2021). Transfer of radionuclides from soil to selected tropical plants of Indian Subcontinent: A review. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 235-236, 106652.
• Samad, A.I., Ahmed, A.H., Ahmad, S.T., (2024). Radioactivity levels, soil-to-grass and grass-to-milk transfer factor of natural radionuclides from grazing area in Erbil governorate, Iraq. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 205, 111170.
• Santos, E., Lauria, D., Amaral, E., Rochedo, E., (2002). Daily ingestion of 232Th, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in vegetables by inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro City. J. Environ. Radioact. 62, 75–86.
• Semioshkina, N., Voigt, G., (2021). Soil - plant transfer of radionuclides in arid environments. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 237, 106692.
• Uchida, S., Tagami, K., Hirai, I., (2007). Soil-to-plant transfer factors of stable elements and naturally occurring radionuclides: 2) rice collected in Japan. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 44, 779–790.
• UNSCEAR (1993). United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Report to the General Assembly on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, United Nations, New York.
• UNSCEAR (2000). United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation Report to the general assembly, Annex B: exposures from natural radiation sources. United Nations, New York.
• UNSCEAR (2008). United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations, New York.
• URL1. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/Raporlar.Kayısı Ürün Raporu 2023-377 TEPGE.pdf (accessed 13 Now, 2024).