Investigation of Sambucus ebulus Plant Extract with Regard to its In-vitro DNA Protective Action, Cytotoxic Effect and Amoebicidal on Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 2172 - 2189, 15.12.2024

Bülent Kaynak , Gülizar Aydoğdu , Zeynep Kolören

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1537169

Öz

The amoebicidal, DNA protective and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic leaf extract of Sambucus ebulus against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites were investigated. The extract at different concentrations (45, 22.5, 11.25, 5.62, 2.8, 1.4, 0.7 mg/mL) was found to amoebicidal effect on trophozoites. At a concentration of 45 mg/mL, the extract completely eliminated trophozoites by the 72nd hour. IC50 values were 1.9, 3.3, 4.8 mg/mL at 72, 48, 24 hours, respectively. Cytotoxicity in HeLa cells was assessed via 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2 yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, revealing dose-dependent viability reduction with an IC50 of 1 mg/mL at 72 hours DNA-protective effects were observed against hydroxyl radical-induced damage in pBR322 plasmid DNA. Lower extract concentrations (5.62, 2.8, 1.4 mg/ml) effectively inhibited DNA damage, while higher concentrations (45, 22.5, 11.25 mg/ml) showed weaker effects. Phytochemical analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identified the bioactive compounds responsible for these effects. In conclusion, the potent amoebicidal activity, DNA protective properties, and controlled cytotoxicity of Sambucus ebulus extract suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent not only for antiparasitic treatments but also for the prevention of DNA damage-related diseases. The findings indicate that the extract could be considered as an alternative or complementary approach for preserving genomic integrity and for clinical applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acanthamoeba castellanii, GC-MS, MTT, pBR322 plasmid DNA, Sambucus ebulus

Proje Numarası

A-2357

Sambucus ebulus Bitki Özütünün İn-vitro DNA Koruyucu Etkisinin, Sitotoksik Etkisinin ve Acanthamoeba castellanii Trofozoitleri Üzerinde Amoebisidal Etkisinin Araştırılması

Öz

Sambucus ebulus bitkisinin etanollü yaprak özütünün Acanthamoeba castellanii trofozoitlerine karşı amoebisidal, DNA koruyucu ve sitotoksik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, farklı konsantrasyonlarda (45, 22.5, 11.25, 5.62, 2.8, 1.4, 0.7 mg/mL) uygulanan özütün trofozoitler üzerinde belirgin amoebisidal etki gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Özellikle 45 mg/mL konsantrasyonda, özüt 72. saatte trofozoitlerin tamamen elimine edilmesini sağlamıştır. IC50 değerleri 72, 48, 24. saatlerde sırasıyla 1.9, 3.3, 4.8 mg/mL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Özütün HeLa hücrelerindeki sitotoksik etkisi, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) testi ile değerlendirilmiş ve doza bağlı bir canlılık azalması gözlemlenmiştir. Bu analiz sonucunda, 72. saatte IC50 değeri 1 mg/mL olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, özütün pBR322 plazmid DNA üzerinde hidroksil radikalinin neden olduğu DNA hasarını önleme kapasitesi incelenmiştir. Düşük konsantrasyonlardaki (5.62, 2.8, 1.4 mg/mL) özütün DNA hasarını etkili bir şekilde inhibe ettiği, yüksek konsantrasyonlardaki (45, 22.5, 11.25 mg/mL) etkilerin ise daha zayıf olduğu gözlenmiştir. Fitokimyasal analiz, Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (GC-MS) yöntemiyle yapılmış ve etkilerden sorumlu biyoaktif bileşikler tanımlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, S. ebulus özütünün güçlü amoebisidal etkisi, DNA koruyucu özellikleri ve kontrollü sitotoksisitesi, bu özütün sadece antiparaziter tedavilerde değil, aynı zamanda DNA hasarına bağlı hastalıkların önlenmesinde de potansiyel bir tedavi seçeneği olabileceğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, özütün hem genomik bütünlüğün korunmasında hem de klinik uygulamalarda alternatif veya tamamlayıcı bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilebileceğini işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acanthamoeba castellanii, GC-MS, MTT, pBR322 plazmid DNA, Sambucus ebulus

Etik Beyan

ETİK ONAY GEREKMEMEKTEDİR.

Destekleyen Kurum

ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNASYON BİRİMİ

Proje Numarası

A-2357

Teşekkür

ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNASYON BİRİMİ'NE TEŞEKKÜR EDERİZ.

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