Effect of Torrefaction on Hazelnut Shell Combustion Kinetics and Thermodynamic Parameters

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 1220 - 1239, 15.09.2025

Gülce Çakman

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1655502

Öz

In this study, the effect of torrefaction on the combustion kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of hazelnut shell (HS) waste was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The combustion behavior of raw and torrefied hazelnut shells at 473 K was examined at heating rates of 10, 20, and 30 K/min, and activation energies were calculated using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Starink, and Friedman methods. The combustion characteristic index indicated that torrefaction improves the combustion performance of HS waste. Kinetic analysis revealed that the torrefied sample exhibited lower activation energy compared to the raw sample (KAS method: HS = 232 kJ/mol, HS-473 = 195 kJ/mol). In thermodynamic analysis, a decrease was observed in both enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG), indicating that torrefaction enables combustion with lower energy input. The results demonstrate that torrefaction has the potential to enhance fuel efficiency in biomass energy applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hazelnut shell waste , Torrefaction , Combustion kinetics , Thermodynamic parameters

Torefikasyonun Fındık Kabuğunun Yanma Kinetiği ve Termodinamik Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, torefikasyon işleminin fındık kabuğu (FK) atıklarının yanma kinetiği ve termodinamik parametreleri üzerindeki etkisi termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Ham ve 473 K’de torefiye edilmiş fındık kabuklarının yanma davranışları 10, 20 ve 30 K/dk ısıtma hızlarında çalışılmış ve Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Starink ve Friedman yöntemleriyle aktivasyon enerjileri hesaplanmıştır. Yanma karakteristik indeksi, torefikasyonun FK atığının yanma süreçlerini daha verimli hale getirdiğini göstermiştir. Kinetik analiz sonucunda torefiye edilmiş numunenin aktivasyon enerjisinin daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir (KAS için; FK: 232 kJ/mol, FK-473: 195 kJ/mol). Termodinamik analizde ise entalpi (ΔH) ve Gibbs serbest enerjisi (ΔG) değerlerinde düşüş gözlemlenmiş ve torefikasyonun FK atığının daha düşük enerji ile yanmasını sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, torefikasyonun biyokütle enerjisi uygulamalarında yakıt verimliliğini artırma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fındık kabuğu atığı , Torefikasyon , Yanma kinetiği , Termodi̇nami̇k parametreler

Kaynakça

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