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CİCERO VE AUGUSTİNUS'TA İNSAN DOĞASI VE DEVLET

Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1 30 Nisan 2025
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Human Nature and the State in Cicero and Augustine

Abstract

This study examines the conceptions of human nature and the state as developed by Cicero and Augustine, two prominent figures in Western thought. Cicero, in addition to being a significant philosopher, was one of the great statesmen of Roman history. He regarded the Roman Republic as an ideal political order and considered natural law and justice as universal values inherent in human nature. According to him, justice is the fundamental principle that holds society together, and the source of law should be natural laws. However, he advocated for a political and social order based on inequalities, supporting an aristocracy-based republican regime with this perspective. Augustine, on the other hand, approached human nature through the lens of Christian theology, particularly the concept of original sin. He argued that human nature is inherently good but was tainted by original sin, leading humanity to succumb to worldly desires. In his understanding of the state, Augustine introduced the distinction between the "City of God" and the "Earthly City." He regarded the City of God as the symbol of spiritual and eternal salvation, while the Earthly City was seen as a flawed and temporary structure resulting from humanity's sinful nature. According to Augustine, the ultimate purpose of human life is to achieve eternal happiness by reaching the City of God. The article compares Cicero's universal concept of law, adapted from ancient Greek thought to fit Roman culture, with Augustine's salvation-focused approach rooted in Christian theology. The ideas of these two thinkers about human nature and the state served as a bridge for political and moral philosophy during the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages.

Keywords

Cicero , Augustine , Human Nature , State , Roman Political Philosophy

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

Chicago
Şahin, Oğuzhan Mehmet. 2025. “CİCERO VE AUGUSTİNUS’TA İNSAN DOĞASI VE DEVLET”. Kırıkkale Hukuk Mecmuası 5 (1): 329-58. https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.05.01.012.