Kimyasal Savaş Ajanları: Özellikleri, Etkileri ve Dekontaminasyon Stratejileri

Yıl 2024, , 253 - 278, 01.11.2024

Serdar Karakurt , İrem Mukaddes Bilgiseven

https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.1360330

Öz

Kimyasal savaş ajanları (KSA'lar), insanları etkisiz hale getirmek, yaralamak ve öldürmek, gıda kaynaklarını kirletmek ve yok etmek, kaos ve paniğe neden olmak için kullanılan tüm kimyasalları kapsar. KSA'lar askeri ve sivil personeli koruyucu giysiler giymeye ve koruyucu ekipman kullanmaya zorlayarak ekonomik ve stratejik açıdan önemli hedefleri sekteye uğratmakta ve hareket kabiliyetlerini azaltmaktadır. KSA'lar çok eski zamanlardan beri kullanılmaktadır ancak en yoğun kullanımı I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında olmuştur. O zamandan bu yana KSA'lar hem savaşlarda hem de terör eylemlerinde kullanılmaya devam etmiştir. Kimyasal Silahlar Konvansiyonu'na (29 Nisan 1997) göre, KSA'ların savaş alanında kullanımı yasaktır, ancak bu ajanların endüstriyel kullanımı tamamen yasaklanamaz. Bu nedenle KSA'lar her zaman ve her durumda panik yaratırlar. KSA'lar sinir ajanları, yakıcı ajanlar, boğucu ajanlar, kapasite bozucu ajanlar, isyan kontrol ajanları ve sistemik ajanlar olarak sınıflandırılır. Bu ajanların mekanizmaları birbirinden farklıdır; sinir ajanları asetilkolinesteraz enzimini (AChE) inhibe ederken, yakıcı ajanlar oksidatif stres yaratarak etki gösterir. Sonuç olarak bu derleme kapsamında KSA'ların sınıflandırılması ve bunların dekontaminasyonunda kullanılan maddeler ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

KBRN, Kimyasal Savaş Ajanları, Dekontaminasyon, Savunma

Destekleyen Kurum

Selçuk Üniversitesi BAP Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

22212033

Kaynakça

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