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Çin Dış Politikasında İttifak Yapmama Prensibi: Akademik Tartışmalar

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 15 - 35, 14.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.405659

Öz

Öz

 

Bu çalışmada Çin uluslararası ilişkiler akademisindeki ittifak yapmama prensibiyle ilgili tartışmalar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın temel iddiası, Çin akademisinde dış politika tartışmalarının hükümetin çizdiği çerçeveden daha dinamik ve karmaşık olduğudur. Uluslararası ilişkiler akademisyenlerinin dış politika yapımındaki önemi sadece hükümetin politikalarını desteklemelerinden değil aynı zamanda alternatif politika üretebilmelerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu yüzden akademik tartışmalar ittifak yapmama politikasında bir değişikliğe gidilip gidilmeyeceğini analiz etmek için önemli bir fikri temel sağlamaktadır. Çinli akademisyenlerin ittifak yapmama prensibiyle ilgili görüşleri üç başlıkta ele alınmıştır. İlk grup, ittifak yapmamanın yararlarını savunan ortodoksidir. İkinci grup, ittifak yapmaya yönelik bir strateji değişikliğini savunan revizyonistlerdir. Üçüncü grup ise, prensibin tamamen terk edilmeyip yeni duruma uygun bir takım tamamlayıcı tedbirler alınması gerektiğini düşünen ılımlılardır. Bu gruplar içinde revizyonistlerinfikirleri Çin’in ittifak politikasındaki olası bir değişikliğin hangi yönde olacağı konusunda önemli ipuçları vermektedir. İttifak yanlılarına göre potansiyel müttefik Rusya’dır. Revizyonistlerin fikirleri aynı zamanda Çin’de yükselen popüler milliyetçiliğinde bir yansımadır. Bu yüzden Çin’in ülke içinde yükselen milliyetçilik karşısında ittifak arayışı içine girmesi kaçınılmaz görünmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça
  • Kitaplar
  • Campayo, M.B. (2016). China’s non alliance strategy: facing the XXI. century. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 10(8), 105-110. Cheng, J.Y.S., Zhan, F.W. (2009). Chinese foreign relations under Mao and Deng: A systematic and comparative analysis. Kasarinlan. Philippine Journal of Third World Studies, 14(3), 95-99. Huasheng, Z. (2015). Should China and Russia become allies? İçinde S. Binhong (Ed.) China Under Xi Jinping Its Economic Challenges and Foreign Policy Initiatives. (ss. 220-240). BRILL Publishing. Jisi, W. (2014). Marching westwards: the rebalancing of China’s geostrategy. İçinde S. Binhong. (Ed.), The World in 2020 According to China: Chinese Foreign Policy Elites Discuss Emerging Trends in International Politics (ss. 129-136). BRILL Publishing. Ruonan L., Feng, L. (2017). Contending ideas on China’s non alliance strategy. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 10(2), 151-171. Shengli L. (2013). Zhongguo weishenme bujiemeng? Waijiao Pinglun, No. 3, 20-33. Sorensen, C. T. (2015). The significance of Xi Jinping’s Chinese Dream for Chinese foreign policy: from tao guang yang hui to fen fa you wei. Journal of China and International Relations, 3(1), 53-73. Sun, D. (2009). Brothers indeed: Syria-Iran quasi alliance revisited. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 3(2), 67-80. Sun D. (2011). Lun zhun lianmeng zhanlue, Shijie Jingji yu Zhengzhi, No.2, 55-74. Xuetong, Y. (2010). The instability of China-US relations. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3(3), 263-292. Xuetong, Y. (2012). Is Russia reliable? International Economic Review, 3, 21-25. Xuetong, Y., Qi, H. (2012). Football game rather than boxing match: China-US intensifying rivalry does not amount to cold war. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 5(2), 105-127. Xuetong, Y. (2013). Strategic cooperation without mutual trust: a path forward for China and the United States. Asia Policy, 15(1), 4-6. Xuetong, Y. (2014). From keeping a low profile to striving for achievement. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7(2), 153-184. Yaqing, Q. (2008). International factors and China’s external behaviour. İçinde P. Kerr, S. Harris, Q. Yaqing (Eds.), China’s New Diplomacy: Tactical or Fundamental Change (ss. 33-53). Palgrave Macmillan. Yaqing, Q. (2014). Continuity through change: background knowledge and China’s international strategy. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7(3), 285-314. Zhang, F. (2012). China’s new thinking on alliances. Survival, 54(5), 129-148.
  • Makaleler
  • Feng H. , He, K. (2016). Why Chinese IR scholars matter: understanding the rise of China through the eyes of Chinese IR Scholars. Griffith–Tsinghua Conference, 11–12 Aralık, Pekin. Zhongping, F. , Jing, H. (2014). China’s strategic partnership diplomacy: engaging with a changing world. ESPO Working Paper, No.8.
  • Dergiler
  • Feng, Z. (2008). China rise will be peaceful: how unipolarity matters. İçinde R.S. Ross, Z. Feng (Eds.), China’s Ascent: Power, Security and the Future of International Politics (ss. 34-55). Cornell University Press. Shiping, T. (2008). From offensive to defensive realism: a social evolutionary interpretation of China’s security strategy. İçinde R.S. Ross, Z. Feng (Eds.), China’s Ascent: Power, Security and the Future of International Politics (ss. 141-163). Cornell University Press. Xiaoping, D. (1994). International situations and economic problems, 3 March 1990. Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping. Cilt III. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
  • Web Siteleri
  • CCICED, (2013). Important speech of Xi Jinping at peripheral diplomacy work conference, 16 Eylül 2017’de http://www.cciced.net/cciceden/ NEWSCENTER/LatestEnvironmentalandDevelopmentNews/201310/t2013 1030_82626.html adresinden erişildi. Daguang, L. (February, 2012). Non-aligned policy does not mean make friends. Hidden Harmonies China Blog. 12 Eylül 2017’de https://blog.hiddenharmonies.org/2012/03/08/li-daguang-non-aligned-policy-does-not-mean-china-cannot-make-friends/ adresinden alınmıştır. Feng, Z. (2017). China’s North Korean liability. Foreign Affairs, 16 Eylül 2017’de https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2017-07-11/ chinas-north-korean-liability adresinden alınmıştır. Full text of Jiang Zemin’s report at 16th party congress, IX. The international situation and our external work “. (2002, November). China Org.Cn. 12 Eylül 2017’de http://www.china.org.cn/english/ features/49007.htm adresinden alınmıştır. Sheng, Y. (2016). China, Russia semi alliance to launch drills in South China Sea. Global Times. 20 Eylül 2017’de http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/997153.shtml adresinden alınmıştır. Shiping, T. (2003). The rise of China as a security linchpin, Asia Times, 15 Eylül 2017’de http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/EF21Ad04. html adresinden alınmıştır. Xi Jinping: China to further friendly relations with neighboring countries. (2013). Xinhua, 18 Eylül 2017’de http://news.xinhuanet.com/ english/china/2013-10/26/ c125601680/.htm adresinden alınmıştır. Xi Jinping attends commemoration marking the 15th anniversary of the signing of treaty of good-neighborliness and friendly cooperation between China and Russia and delivers important speech (2016). 18 Eylül 2017’de http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfaeng/zxxx662805/ t1375792.html adresinden alınmıştır. Xu, D. (2012). Zhong’e ying goujian ouya da lianmeng zuzhi meiguo tulu ruoguo. Huanqiu Shibao, 12 Eylül 2017’de http://opinion. huanqiu.com/roll/ 2012-01/2385635.html adresinden alınmıştır.

Non-alliance Principle in Chinese Foreign Policy: Academic Debates

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 15 - 35, 14.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.405659

Öz

In this
study, debates on the principle of non-alliance in Chinese international
relations academy has been discussed. The main argument of the study is that
foreign policy debates in the Chinese academy are more dynamic and complex than
the framework drawn by government. The significance of international relations
scholars in foreign policy making arise from not only because they support
government policies, but also because they can produce alternative policies at
the same time. Therefore, academic debates provide an important basis for
analyzing whether a change in the policy of non-alliance will be pursued or
not. Chinese scholars' views on the principle of non-alliance are addressed in
three groups. The first group is orthodoxy who advocates the benefits of
non-alliance. The second group is revisionists who advocate an alliance
strategy. The third group is moderates who think that the non-alliance
principle should not be abandoned completely. Within these groups, the ideas of
the revisionists provide important clues about in which direction the possible
changes in China’s alliance policy will be. According to the revisionists, the
potential ally is primarily Russia. The ideas of the revisionists are also a
reflection of rising popular nationalism in China. Therefore, in the long term,
it seems inevitable that Chinese foreign policy decision-makers are seeking
alliances against this pressure coming from national field.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça
  • Kitaplar
  • Campayo, M.B. (2016). China’s non alliance strategy: facing the XXI. century. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 10(8), 105-110. Cheng, J.Y.S., Zhan, F.W. (2009). Chinese foreign relations under Mao and Deng: A systematic and comparative analysis. Kasarinlan. Philippine Journal of Third World Studies, 14(3), 95-99. Huasheng, Z. (2015). Should China and Russia become allies? İçinde S. Binhong (Ed.) China Under Xi Jinping Its Economic Challenges and Foreign Policy Initiatives. (ss. 220-240). BRILL Publishing. Jisi, W. (2014). Marching westwards: the rebalancing of China’s geostrategy. İçinde S. Binhong. (Ed.), The World in 2020 According to China: Chinese Foreign Policy Elites Discuss Emerging Trends in International Politics (ss. 129-136). BRILL Publishing. Ruonan L., Feng, L. (2017). Contending ideas on China’s non alliance strategy. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 10(2), 151-171. Shengli L. (2013). Zhongguo weishenme bujiemeng? Waijiao Pinglun, No. 3, 20-33. Sorensen, C. T. (2015). The significance of Xi Jinping’s Chinese Dream for Chinese foreign policy: from tao guang yang hui to fen fa you wei. Journal of China and International Relations, 3(1), 53-73. Sun, D. (2009). Brothers indeed: Syria-Iran quasi alliance revisited. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 3(2), 67-80. Sun D. (2011). Lun zhun lianmeng zhanlue, Shijie Jingji yu Zhengzhi, No.2, 55-74. Xuetong, Y. (2010). The instability of China-US relations. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3(3), 263-292. Xuetong, Y. (2012). Is Russia reliable? International Economic Review, 3, 21-25. Xuetong, Y., Qi, H. (2012). Football game rather than boxing match: China-US intensifying rivalry does not amount to cold war. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 5(2), 105-127. Xuetong, Y. (2013). Strategic cooperation without mutual trust: a path forward for China and the United States. Asia Policy, 15(1), 4-6. Xuetong, Y. (2014). From keeping a low profile to striving for achievement. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7(2), 153-184. Yaqing, Q. (2008). International factors and China’s external behaviour. İçinde P. Kerr, S. Harris, Q. Yaqing (Eds.), China’s New Diplomacy: Tactical or Fundamental Change (ss. 33-53). Palgrave Macmillan. Yaqing, Q. (2014). Continuity through change: background knowledge and China’s international strategy. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 7(3), 285-314. Zhang, F. (2012). China’s new thinking on alliances. Survival, 54(5), 129-148.
  • Makaleler
  • Feng H. , He, K. (2016). Why Chinese IR scholars matter: understanding the rise of China through the eyes of Chinese IR Scholars. Griffith–Tsinghua Conference, 11–12 Aralık, Pekin. Zhongping, F. , Jing, H. (2014). China’s strategic partnership diplomacy: engaging with a changing world. ESPO Working Paper, No.8.
  • Dergiler
  • Feng, Z. (2008). China rise will be peaceful: how unipolarity matters. İçinde R.S. Ross, Z. Feng (Eds.), China’s Ascent: Power, Security and the Future of International Politics (ss. 34-55). Cornell University Press. Shiping, T. (2008). From offensive to defensive realism: a social evolutionary interpretation of China’s security strategy. İçinde R.S. Ross, Z. Feng (Eds.), China’s Ascent: Power, Security and the Future of International Politics (ss. 141-163). Cornell University Press. Xiaoping, D. (1994). International situations and economic problems, 3 March 1990. Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping. Cilt III. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
  • Web Siteleri
  • CCICED, (2013). Important speech of Xi Jinping at peripheral diplomacy work conference, 16 Eylül 2017’de http://www.cciced.net/cciceden/ NEWSCENTER/LatestEnvironmentalandDevelopmentNews/201310/t2013 1030_82626.html adresinden erişildi. Daguang, L. (February, 2012). Non-aligned policy does not mean make friends. Hidden Harmonies China Blog. 12 Eylül 2017’de https://blog.hiddenharmonies.org/2012/03/08/li-daguang-non-aligned-policy-does-not-mean-china-cannot-make-friends/ adresinden alınmıştır. Feng, Z. (2017). China’s North Korean liability. Foreign Affairs, 16 Eylül 2017’de https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2017-07-11/ chinas-north-korean-liability adresinden alınmıştır. Full text of Jiang Zemin’s report at 16th party congress, IX. The international situation and our external work “. (2002, November). China Org.Cn. 12 Eylül 2017’de http://www.china.org.cn/english/ features/49007.htm adresinden alınmıştır. Sheng, Y. (2016). China, Russia semi alliance to launch drills in South China Sea. Global Times. 20 Eylül 2017’de http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/997153.shtml adresinden alınmıştır. Shiping, T. (2003). The rise of China as a security linchpin, Asia Times, 15 Eylül 2017’de http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/EF21Ad04. html adresinden alınmıştır. Xi Jinping: China to further friendly relations with neighboring countries. (2013). Xinhua, 18 Eylül 2017’de http://news.xinhuanet.com/ english/china/2013-10/26/ c125601680/.htm adresinden alınmıştır. Xi Jinping attends commemoration marking the 15th anniversary of the signing of treaty of good-neighborliness and friendly cooperation between China and Russia and delivers important speech (2016). 18 Eylül 2017’de http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfaeng/zxxx662805/ t1375792.html adresinden alınmıştır. Xu, D. (2012). Zhong’e ying goujian ouya da lianmeng zuzhi meiguo tulu ruoguo. Huanqiu Shibao, 12 Eylül 2017’de http://opinion. huanqiu.com/roll/ 2012-01/2385635.html adresinden alınmıştır.
Toplam 9 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nilgün Eliküçük Yıldırım

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Mart 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

IEEE N. Eliküçük Yıldırım, “Çin Dış Politikasında İttifak Yapmama Prensibi: Akademik Tartışmalar”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 2, ss. 15–35, 2018, doi: 10.17134/khosbd.405659.