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Günlük Yaşam Pratikleri Aracılığıyla Malta'daki Göçmenlerin Sosyal İletişimi

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 15, 18 - 40, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1641559

Öz

Bu çalışma, Akdeniz’de bir ada devleti olan Malta'daki göçmenlerin sosyal iletişim süreçlerini etnografik bir yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Veriler, iki yıllık bir süre boyunca otuz beş katılımcıyla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve göçmenlerin sosyal hayata aktif olarak katıldığı ortamlarda ve ada genelinde göçmenlerin yoğun olarak yaşadığı mahallelerde gerçekleştirilen katılımcı gözlemler yoluyla toplanmış ve çevrimiçi gözlemlerle desteklenmiştir. Veri toplama süreci, otuz beş katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen derinlemesine mülakatlar ve iki yıl süren katılımcı gözlemlerle yürütülmüştür. Bulgular, göçmenlerin hem yerel toplum hem de kendi etnik ağlarıyla kurdukları etkileşim biçimlerini, karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve bu süreçleri şekillendiren faktörleri ortaya koymaktadır. Buna göre iki resmi dilli olmak hem bir fırsat hem de bir engel olarak öne çıkmakta; İngilizce temel toplumsal iletişim dili olarak kullanılırken Maltaca konuşmak göçmenlere yerel ve bürokratik avantajlar sağlamaktadır.
Çalışma, sosyoekonomik statünün göçmenlerin toplumsal iletişim deneyimleri üzerindeki önemli etkisini vurgulamaktadır. Sosyoekonomik dezavantajlarla karşı karşıya olan bireylerin iletişim ağlarının büyük ölçüde kendi etnik topluluklarıyla sınırlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda, çalışma göçmenlerin sosyal katılımını artırmak ve çevrimiçi ve çevrimdışı anlatıları ele almak için politikalar geliştirmeyi önermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Amorosi, L. (2022). A private business: The role of employment agencies in the organization of domestic work [Doctoral dissertation, Università degli Studi di Milano]. AIR Unimi Institutional Repository. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/932990
  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (2008). Gerçekliğin sosyal inşası (V. S. Öğütle, Trans.). Paradigma Yayınları.
  • Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. University of California Press.
  • Bolander, B., & Locher, M. A. (2020). Beyond the online-offline distinction: Entry points to digital discourse. Discourse, Context & Media, 35, 100383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100383
  • Bonhomme, M., & Muldoon, J. (2024). Racism and food delivery platforms: Shaping migrants’ work experiences and future expectations in the United Kingdom and Chile. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2024.2349268
  • Böke, K. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (2nd ed.). Alfa Publications.
  • Cherry, E. C. (1957). On human communication: A review, a survey, and a criticism. The MIT Press.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • de Certeau, M. (2008). Gündelik hayatın keşfi: I. Eylem, uygulama, üretim sanatları (L. A. Özcan, Trans.). Dost Kitabevi.
  • de Haas, H., Castles, S., & Miller, M. J. (2020). The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world (6th ed.). The Guilford Press.
  • Erdoğan, İ., & Alemdar, K. (2005). Öteki kuram: Kitle iletişim kuram ve araştırmalarının tarihsel ve eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi (2nd ed.). Erk Yayınları.
  • Erdoğan, İ. (2011). İletişimi anlamak (4th ed., expanded). Pozitif Matbaacılık.
  • Erdoğan, İ. (2013). Medya sosyolojisi (Yayın No. 2832; Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını No. 1790). Anadolu Üniversitesi.
  • European Commission. (2018). Malta: Registration now open for national integration programme "I Belong" (Publication date: July 31, 2018). European Website on Integration. https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/news/malta-registration-now-open-national-integration-programme-i-belong_en
  • European Commission. (2024). Governance of migrant integration in Malta (Publication date: June 2024). European Website on Integration. https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/country-governance/governance-migrant-integration-malta_en
  • Habermas, J. (2001). İletişimsel eylem kuramı (M. Tüzel, Trans.). Kabalcı Yayınları.
  • Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography: Principles in practice (3rd ed.). Routledge.
  • Horolets, A., Stodolska, M., & Peters, K. (2021). Migrants’ everyday life and migration regimes: A study of migrants’ leisurely use of urban parks. Studia Socjologiczne, 2, 125–146. https://doi.org/10.24425/sts.2021.137291
  • Gauci, P., & Vella, B. (2022). The challenges of learning Maltese in bilingual Malta: A study with adult learners following the I Belong language integration programme. Malta Review of Educational Research, 16(2), 173–193.
  • Goffman, E. (2014). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (B. Cezar, Trans., 2nd ed.). Metis Yayınları.
  • Göktuna Yaylacı, F. (2012). Belçika'da yaşayan Türklerin yörecilik anlayışları ve toplumsal iletişim süreçleri: Belçika'daki Emirdağlılar ve Posoflulara ilişkin bir araştırma [Doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University].
  • Gökulu, G. (2019). Sembolik etkileşimci teorinin gündelik yaşam sosyolojisine katkıları. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 23(80), 173–190.
  • Grant, C. B. (2003). Rethinking communicative interaction: An interdisciplinary programme. In C. B. Grant (Ed.), Rethinking communicative interaction: New interdisciplinary horizons (pp. 1–27). John Benjamins B.V.
  • Grech, H. (2019). Impact of forced migration on communication and social adaptation. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica: Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP), 71(4), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1159/000497057
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
  • Identita Malta – Expatriates Unit. (2024). Change of designation or employer: Change of employer. Identita Malta. https://identita.gov.mt/expatriates-unit-change-of-designation-or-employer-change-of-employer
  • International Labour Organization. (2021). World employment and social outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/%40dgreports/%40dcomm/%40publ/documents/publication/wcms_771749.pdf
  • IOM–International Organization for Migration. (n.d.). Types of movements. https://emm.iom.int/handbooks/global-context-international-migration/types-movements-0
  • Laulan, A.-M., & Escarpit, R. (2016). Two forgotten figures. In J. Periault (Ed.), İletişim bilimlerinin unutulmuş kökenleri (H. Köse, Trans., pp. 71–79). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • McAuliffe, M., & Oucho, L. A. (2024). World migration report 2024. International Organization for Migration. https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/
  • McChesney, R. W. (2013). Digital disconnect: How capitalism is turning the internet against democracy. The New Press.
  • Mead, G. H. (1973). Wundt and the concept of the gesture. In W. Wundt (Ed.), The language of gestures (pp. 20–29). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110808285.20
  • Newlands, G. (2022). ‘This isn’t forever for me’: Perceived employability and migrant gig work in Norway and Sweden. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 56(4), 1262–1279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221083021
  • Niznikiewicz, M. (2013). The building blocks of social communication. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 9(4), 173–183. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3902830/
  • NSO Malta – National Statistics Office. (2024). Population and migration: 2012–2022 (including intercensal revisions) (NR 015/2024). Government of Malta. https://nso.gov.mt/population/intercensal-population-revisions-2012-2021/
  • NSO Malta – National Statistics Office. (2025, July 10). World Population Day: 11 July 2025 (NR 122/2025). National Statistics Office. Retrieved from https://nso.gov.mt/population/world-population-day-11-july-2025/
  • OECD–Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). International migration outlook 2020. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ec98f531-en
  • Pace, R. (2021). Malta: A Janus-faced migration and integration policy. In T. Joensen & I. Taylor (Eds.), Small states and the European migrant crisis (pp. 133–163). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66203-5_7
  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Pries, L. (2001). The disruption of social and geographic space: Mexican-US migration and the emergence of transnational social spaces. International Sociology, 16(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580901016001005
  • Prodnik, J. A. (2014). Sürüp giden metalaştırma süreçleri üzerine bir not: İzleyici metasından toplumsal fabrikaya. In V. Mosco & C. Fuchs (Eds.), Marx geri döndü: Medya, meta ve sermaye birikimi (F. Başaran, Trans., pp. 301–367). Nota Bene Yayınları.
  • Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63–75.
  • Solano, G., & Huddleston, T. (2020). Migrant Integration Policy Index 2020. CIDOB and Migration Policy Group. https://www.mipex.eu/key-findings
  • Somersan, S. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde etnisite ve ırk. Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Şirin Öner, N. A. (2016). Göç çalışmalarında temel kavramlar. In S. G. Ihlamur-Öner & N. A. Ş. Öner (Eds.), Küreselleşme çağında göç: Kavramlar, tartışmalar (3rd ed., pp. 13–29). İletişim Yayınları.
  • van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2006). The network society: Social aspects of new media (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • WHO–World Health Organization. (2024, June 19). Learning from Malta’s example for refugee and migrant health. https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/feature-stories/item/learning-from-malta-s-example-for-refugee-and-migrant-health
  • Wieviorka, M. (2014). A critique of integration. Identities, 21(6), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2013.828615
  • Williams, F. (2012). Converging variations in migrant care work in Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 22(4), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928712449771
  • Zıllıoğlu, M. (2007). İletişim nedir? Cem Yayınları.

Social Communication of Migrants through Everyday Life Practices in Malta

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 15, 18 - 40, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1641559

Öz

This study employs an ethnographic approach to examine the social communication processes of migrants in the Mediterranean island state of Malta. Data were collected over a two-year period through semi-structured interviews with thirty-five participants and participant observation in settings where migrants were actively engaged in social life and in neighbourhoods densely populated by migrants across the island, supplemented by online observation. The findings point out the forms of interaction migrants establish with both the local community and their own ethnic networks, the challenges they encounter, and the factors shaping these processes. Bilingualism emerges as both an opportunity and a barrier, with English serving as the primary social communication language, while knowledge of Maltese provides local and bureaucratic advantages.
The study highlights the significant influence of socioeconomic status on migrants' social communication experiences. Individuals facing socioeconomic disadvantages tend to have communication networks mainly confined to their ethnic communities. Based on these findings, the study recommends developing policies to enhance migrants' social inclusion and addressing online and offline narratives.

Etik Beyan

This paper is based on postdoctoral research conducted at the University of Malta by the researcher, Dr Seyma Esin Erben, under the supervision of Prof. Ġorġ Mallia.

Kaynakça

  • Amorosi, L. (2022). A private business: The role of employment agencies in the organization of domestic work [Doctoral dissertation, Università degli Studi di Milano]. AIR Unimi Institutional Repository. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/932990
  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (2008). Gerçekliğin sosyal inşası (V. S. Öğütle, Trans.). Paradigma Yayınları.
  • Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. University of California Press.
  • Bolander, B., & Locher, M. A. (2020). Beyond the online-offline distinction: Entry points to digital discourse. Discourse, Context & Media, 35, 100383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100383
  • Bonhomme, M., & Muldoon, J. (2024). Racism and food delivery platforms: Shaping migrants’ work experiences and future expectations in the United Kingdom and Chile. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2024.2349268
  • Böke, K. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (2nd ed.). Alfa Publications.
  • Cherry, E. C. (1957). On human communication: A review, a survey, and a criticism. The MIT Press.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • de Certeau, M. (2008). Gündelik hayatın keşfi: I. Eylem, uygulama, üretim sanatları (L. A. Özcan, Trans.). Dost Kitabevi.
  • de Haas, H., Castles, S., & Miller, M. J. (2020). The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world (6th ed.). The Guilford Press.
  • Erdoğan, İ., & Alemdar, K. (2005). Öteki kuram: Kitle iletişim kuram ve araştırmalarının tarihsel ve eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi (2nd ed.). Erk Yayınları.
  • Erdoğan, İ. (2011). İletişimi anlamak (4th ed., expanded). Pozitif Matbaacılık.
  • Erdoğan, İ. (2013). Medya sosyolojisi (Yayın No. 2832; Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını No. 1790). Anadolu Üniversitesi.
  • European Commission. (2018). Malta: Registration now open for national integration programme "I Belong" (Publication date: July 31, 2018). European Website on Integration. https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/news/malta-registration-now-open-national-integration-programme-i-belong_en
  • European Commission. (2024). Governance of migrant integration in Malta (Publication date: June 2024). European Website on Integration. https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/country-governance/governance-migrant-integration-malta_en
  • Habermas, J. (2001). İletişimsel eylem kuramı (M. Tüzel, Trans.). Kabalcı Yayınları.
  • Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography: Principles in practice (3rd ed.). Routledge.
  • Horolets, A., Stodolska, M., & Peters, K. (2021). Migrants’ everyday life and migration regimes: A study of migrants’ leisurely use of urban parks. Studia Socjologiczne, 2, 125–146. https://doi.org/10.24425/sts.2021.137291
  • Gauci, P., & Vella, B. (2022). The challenges of learning Maltese in bilingual Malta: A study with adult learners following the I Belong language integration programme. Malta Review of Educational Research, 16(2), 173–193.
  • Goffman, E. (2014). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (B. Cezar, Trans., 2nd ed.). Metis Yayınları.
  • Göktuna Yaylacı, F. (2012). Belçika'da yaşayan Türklerin yörecilik anlayışları ve toplumsal iletişim süreçleri: Belçika'daki Emirdağlılar ve Posoflulara ilişkin bir araştırma [Doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University].
  • Gökulu, G. (2019). Sembolik etkileşimci teorinin gündelik yaşam sosyolojisine katkıları. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 23(80), 173–190.
  • Grant, C. B. (2003). Rethinking communicative interaction: An interdisciplinary programme. In C. B. Grant (Ed.), Rethinking communicative interaction: New interdisciplinary horizons (pp. 1–27). John Benjamins B.V.
  • Grech, H. (2019). Impact of forced migration on communication and social adaptation. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica: Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP), 71(4), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1159/000497057
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
  • Identita Malta – Expatriates Unit. (2024). Change of designation or employer: Change of employer. Identita Malta. https://identita.gov.mt/expatriates-unit-change-of-designation-or-employer-change-of-employer
  • International Labour Organization. (2021). World employment and social outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/%40dgreports/%40dcomm/%40publ/documents/publication/wcms_771749.pdf
  • IOM–International Organization for Migration. (n.d.). Types of movements. https://emm.iom.int/handbooks/global-context-international-migration/types-movements-0
  • Laulan, A.-M., & Escarpit, R. (2016). Two forgotten figures. In J. Periault (Ed.), İletişim bilimlerinin unutulmuş kökenleri (H. Köse, Trans., pp. 71–79). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • McAuliffe, M., & Oucho, L. A. (2024). World migration report 2024. International Organization for Migration. https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/
  • McChesney, R. W. (2013). Digital disconnect: How capitalism is turning the internet against democracy. The New Press.
  • Mead, G. H. (1973). Wundt and the concept of the gesture. In W. Wundt (Ed.), The language of gestures (pp. 20–29). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110808285.20
  • Newlands, G. (2022). ‘This isn’t forever for me’: Perceived employability and migrant gig work in Norway and Sweden. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 56(4), 1262–1279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221083021
  • Niznikiewicz, M. (2013). The building blocks of social communication. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 9(4), 173–183. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3902830/
  • NSO Malta – National Statistics Office. (2024). Population and migration: 2012–2022 (including intercensal revisions) (NR 015/2024). Government of Malta. https://nso.gov.mt/population/intercensal-population-revisions-2012-2021/
  • NSO Malta – National Statistics Office. (2025, July 10). World Population Day: 11 July 2025 (NR 122/2025). National Statistics Office. Retrieved from https://nso.gov.mt/population/world-population-day-11-july-2025/
  • OECD–Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). International migration outlook 2020. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ec98f531-en
  • Pace, R. (2021). Malta: A Janus-faced migration and integration policy. In T. Joensen & I. Taylor (Eds.), Small states and the European migrant crisis (pp. 133–163). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66203-5_7
  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Pries, L. (2001). The disruption of social and geographic space: Mexican-US migration and the emergence of transnational social spaces. International Sociology, 16(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580901016001005
  • Prodnik, J. A. (2014). Sürüp giden metalaştırma süreçleri üzerine bir not: İzleyici metasından toplumsal fabrikaya. In V. Mosco & C. Fuchs (Eds.), Marx geri döndü: Medya, meta ve sermaye birikimi (F. Başaran, Trans., pp. 301–367). Nota Bene Yayınları.
  • Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63–75.
  • Solano, G., & Huddleston, T. (2020). Migrant Integration Policy Index 2020. CIDOB and Migration Policy Group. https://www.mipex.eu/key-findings
  • Somersan, S. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde etnisite ve ırk. Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Şirin Öner, N. A. (2016). Göç çalışmalarında temel kavramlar. In S. G. Ihlamur-Öner & N. A. Ş. Öner (Eds.), Küreselleşme çağında göç: Kavramlar, tartışmalar (3rd ed., pp. 13–29). İletişim Yayınları.
  • van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2006). The network society: Social aspects of new media (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • WHO–World Health Organization. (2024, June 19). Learning from Malta’s example for refugee and migrant health. https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/feature-stories/item/learning-from-malta-s-example-for-refugee-and-migrant-health
  • Wieviorka, M. (2014). A critique of integration. Identities, 21(6), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2013.828615
  • Williams, F. (2012). Converging variations in migrant care work in Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 22(4), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928712449771
  • Zıllıoğlu, M. (2007). İletişim nedir? Cem Yayınları.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Şeyma Esin Erben 0000-0002-9984-1242

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

APA Erben, Ş. E. (2025). Social Communication of Migrants through Everyday Life Practices in Malta. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(15), 18-40. https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1641559