"Drop Turkey from NATO now": Construction of Anti-Türkiye Discourse in the U.S. Public Opinion

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 10, 20 - 48, 20.06.2023

Hasan Turgut , Ali Çakır

https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1252485

Öz

After the outbreak of the Ukraine-Russia War, Sweden and Finland abandoned their neutrality policies and announced that they would apply for NATO membership. Türkiye declared that it would veto their membership applications, stating that these two countries supported terrorist organizations. This situation alarmed the European member countries of NATO and the United States, and it was stated that Türkiye's veto would cause a rift in the NATO alliance and jeopardize European security. This study analyzes reader comments in the three leading U.S. newspapers: The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal. The study was limited to the reader's comments on news about Türkiye's veto between May 19, 2022, when Türkiye announced its objection to Sweden and Finland's NATO membership applications, and June 30, 2022, when the crisis was resolved. The study applies an eclectic methodology and employs a corpus-assisted discourse analysis method. The themes, strategies, and linguistic practices through which Türkiye and Turkish identities are discursively constructed were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that Türkiye's announcement to veto Sweden’s and Finland's membership applications to NATO has fed the anti-Turkish sentiment that dominates U.S. public opinion, especially in the context of Türkiye-U.S. relations that reached a breaking point after 2016. Moreover, it is argued that anti-Turkish sentiment is constructed through “traditional” discourse themes such as the stereotype of the “bad Turk” and Islamophobia, as well as discourse themes that establish the identification of President Erdoğan and Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, NATO, US Public, Corpus-assisted Discourse Analysis, Ukraine-Russia War

“Türkiye’yi NATO’dan Hemen Çıkarın”: ABD Kamuoyunda Türkiye-Karşıtı Söylemin İnşası

Öz

Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşı’nın başlamasıyla beraber, İsveç ve Finlandiya, tarafsızlık politikalarını terk ederek, NATO üyelik başvurusunda bulunacaklarını açıklamışlardır. Türkiye ise, bu iki ülkenin terör örgütlerine destek verdiğini belirterek üyelik başvurularını veto edeceğini açıklamıştır. Bu durum, ABD başta olmak üzere NATO üyesi Avrupa ülkelerini tedirgin etmiş, Türkiye'nin veto hakkının, NATO ittifakı içerisinde ayrışma yaratacağı ve Avrupa güvenliğini tehlikeye atacağı dile getirilmiştir. Bu çalışma söz konusu endişenin, ABD kamuoyunda nasıl karşılık bulduğu sorusundan hareket ederek, ABD'nin önde gelen üç gazetesi olan, The New York Times, The Washington Post ve The Wall Street Journal gazetelerinde konu ile ilgili yapılan okuyucu yorumlarını incelenmiştir. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin, İsveç ve Finlandiya’nın NATO’ya üyelik başvurularına itirazını açıkladığı 19 Mayıs 2022 tarihinden krizin aşıldığı 30 Haziran 2022 tarihine kadar geçen sürede, üç basın kuruluşunun web sayfalarında, Türkiye’ye yönelik haberlere yapılan okur yorumları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada eklektik bir metodoloji benimsenmiş, derlembilim destekli söylem analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede Türkiye ve Türk kimliklerinin söylemsel olarak hangi temalar, stratejiler ve dilsel pratiklerle inşa edildiği analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucu, Türkiye’nin, İsveç ve Finlandiya’nın NATO üyelik başvurusunu veto edeceği ilan etmesinin, özellikle 2016 sonrasında kopma noktasına gelen Türkiye-ABD ilişkileri bağlamında, ABD kamuoyunda egemen olan Türkiye karşıtlığını beslediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye karşıtlığının, “kötü Türk” stereotipi, İslamofobi gibi “gelenekselleşmiş” söylem temalarının yanı sıra Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan ve Türkiye özdeşliğini kuran söylem temaları aracılığıyla inşa edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, NATO, ABD Kamuoyu, Derlembilim Söylem Analizi, Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşı

Kaynakça

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• Zoe, Kennedy (2022, May 19). What Erdogan is demanding is that two of the world's freest countries, countries more democratic than America, take away the freedom of people he doesn't like, just like he does [Comment on the webpage Turkey blocks start of NATO talks on Finland’s and Sweden’s applications]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/comments/?storyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F05%2F18%2Ffinland-sweden-nato-apply%2F