ANTİK METİNLER VE EPİGRAFİK BELGELER BAĞLAMINDA KARADENİZ HAVZASI’NDA TANRILARIN ANNESİ KÜLTÜ

Öz

Bu çalışma, Karadeniz bölgesinde Tanrıların Annesi kültünün ortaya çıkışı, gelişimi ve dönüşümünü antik metinler, epigrafik kanıtlar ve arkeolojik buluntular ışığında incelemektedir. Araştırma, kültün yalnızca bir dinsel pratik olarak değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal örgütlenme, kimlik inşası ve imparatorluk ideolojisinin bir aracı olarak işlev gördüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Erken Dönem’de (MÖ 6.–4. yüzyıllar) kült, yerel inanç sistemleriyle kaynaşmış ve denizcilikle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Helenistik Dönem’de (MÖ 3.–1. yüzyıllar) metroonlar, kolektif şölenler ve kamusal kararlar aracılığıyla kurumsallaşmıştır. Roma Dönemi’nde (MS 1.–4. yüzyıllar) ise kozmik bir boyut kazanmış, imparatorluk ideolojisine entegre olmuş ve rahibelik kurumuyla kadınlara kamusal görünürlük sağlamıştır. Sonuç olarak, Tanrıların Annesi kültü, Karadeniz’in çok katmanlı dini yapısında yerel ile evrensel arasındaki köprüyü oluşturan merkezi bir güç haline gelmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karadeniz
• Tanrıların Annesi
• Kybele
• antik metinler
• epigrafik belgeler

THE CULT OF THE MOTHER OF THE GODS IN THE BLACK SEA REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF ANCIENT TEXTS AND EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

Öz

This study examines the emergence, development, and transformation of the Cult of the Mother of the Gods in the Black Sea region through ancient texts, epigraphic evidence, and archaeological findings. The research reveals that the cult functioned not only as a religious practice but also as a medium of social organization, identity formation, and imperial ideology. In the Early Period (6th–4th centuries BCE), it merged with local belief systems and became associated with seafaring. During the Hellenistic period (3rd–1st centuries BCE), it became institutionalized through metroa, collective feasts, and civic decrees. In the Roman era (1st–4th centuries CE), the cult attained a cosmic dimension, integrated into imperial ideology, and granted women public visibility through priesthood. Ultimately, the Mother of the Gods served as a central force in the Black Sea’s multilayered religious landscape, bridging the local and the universal.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Black Sea
• Mother of the Gods
• Cybele
• ancient texts
• epigraphic documents

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