GİRESUN MÜZESİ’NDEKİ BİZANS KURŞUN MÜHÜRLERİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 30, 671 - 704, 29.04.2021

Nilgün Elam

https://doi.org/10.18220/kid.929827

Cited By: 1

Öz

Kurşun mühürler (Molybdobullae), Bizans merkez ve eyalet teşkilatı tarihi ve prosopografisi alanında sundukları verilerle yazılı kaynakların bilgilerini doğrulayan ve bu kaynakların karanlıkta bıraktığı hususları aydınlatan çok önemli tarihsel kaynaklardır. Bu çalışmada Giresun Müzesi envanterinde bulunan ve 6. yüzyıldan 12. yüzyıla kadarki döneme ait olan on beş adet yayınlanmamış kurşun mühür tanıtılmaktadır. Söz konusu envanterin özellikle bir kısmının (env. no: 1-8) Giresun sakinlerinden bir şahıstan mahkeme yoluyla alınması dolayısıyla kesin olarak kent civarında bulunmuş olduğunu düşünüyoruz. Bunlardan ilk ikisi, adı yazılı kaynaklarda geçmeyen ve varlığından günümüze ulaşan kurşun mühür sayesinde haberdar olduğumuz Paphlagonia douxu Theodoros Komnenos (1070-1080)’a aittir. Theodoros, ilk mühürde kouropalates onursal unvanı ile doux makam unvanını, ikincisinde ise ykl. 1085 yılında terfi ettirildiğinin kanıtı olarak nobelissimos onursal unvanını taşımaktadır. Seleukeia ve Kıbrıs valiliği yapmış Aleksios Kassianos (12. yüzyıl)’a ait olan mühür müze envanterindeki kayda değer bir diğer malzemedir. Piskopos İoannes (11. yüzyıl) ile Kerasous (Giresun)daki ya da civarındaki manastırlardan birinde keşiş olan Amphilochios’a ait olan mühürler kentin ekklesiyastik prosopografisine ışık tutmaktadır. Kerasous’ta apo eparchon, hypatos ve stratelates olarak hizmet etmiş görevlilere ait altı mühür dışındaki üç mühür ise anonim niteliktedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Giresun Müzesi, Bizans Kurşun Mühürleri, Paphlagonia Theması, Theodoros Komnenos, Aleksios Kassianos, monachos, hypatos, apo eparchon, stratelatēs, patrikios

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