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İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar

Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 15 Haziran 2024
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Reflections on the Criticisms of Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʻī

Abstract

Although Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʻī, one of the greatest representatives of the school of jurisprudence in Kufa in the second half of the first century A.H., was considered reliable and reputable both in his own time and among the scholars of later periods, he was subjected to the criticisms of some Ahl al-Hadith scholars. It noteworthy that a significant portion of these criticisms is directed towards al-Nakhaʻī's orientation as a hadith scholar rather than his identity as a jurist. For example, when the allegations against al-Nahāʾī that he rejected hadiths and that he had little semāʾ are examined, it can be said that he actually sought some criteria such as the conformity of the narrations to the practice of Kūfah in addation to some of the conditions he sought in the narrators. Therefore, these allegations are not supported by any data; on the contrary, they show that al-Nakhaʻī's method of receiving hadith was based on solid foundations. In addition, this situation shows that the school of Kūfah took a different approach to the evaluation of hadiths than the Ahl al-Hadith, who took a literal view of the issue. The reasons for al-Nakhaʻī's narration of ḥadīth in the sense the meaing are his jurisprudential orientation and his opposition to the writing of ḥadīth. This shows that he narrated hadith based on a jurisprudential methodology and that he was the pioneer of the school later known as the Hanafites in the first century of the Hijr, who approached hadith in a different way than the Ahl al-Hadith. The fact that al-Nakhaʻī focused on the jurisprudential parts of the ḥadith and did not use writing in narrating the ḥadith is among the main reasons for his tendency towards narration by meaning, while the absence of any criticism against al-Nakhaʻī except for the narration of Ibn Sīrīn (d. 110/729) shows that Ibn 'Awn's (d. 151/768) criticism did not go beyond a personal opinion. There is no explicit criticism of al-Nakhaʻī's mursal narrations other than the evaluation of their authenticity and weakness, and no critical commentary has been identified except Ibn Hajar's (d. 852/1449) statement that "he was a sika, but he used to mursal a lot". In the evaluations of the Ahl al-Hadith who criticized Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʻī's mursal narrations, the influence of their approach to mursal narrations can be observed. Although it has been said that al-Nakhaʻī made mistakes in the Arabic language, it is not correct to say that someone whose name is included in the most authentic isnads and whose narrations with meaning are accepted by hadith scholars does not have a good command of Arabic. Moreover, al-Nakhaʻī is also Arab in terms of ancestry. His statement about Abū Hurayra (d. 58/678), "He is not a jurist," is prominent in a report quoted by al- Dhahabi (d. 748/1348). However, in other sources, these criticisms are presented in general terms and seen as a general tendency of the school of Kūfah. al-Nakhaʻī's statements generally reflect the views of the school of Kūfah and the focus of criticism is on the people of Kūfah rather than al-Nakhaʻī himself. The criticisms of Abū Hurayra's narrations were not limited to Hanafīs, but were also made by Ahl al-Hadith scholars on similar grounds. Therefore, if a criticism is to be made, it should be addressed within a general framework, not by reducing it to al-Nakhaʻī’s person. Although there are a few examples of al-Nakhaʻī's association with Shiʿism, it is not compatible with the Shiʿite sect in general. Dhahabi 's definitions show that al-Nakhaʻī should rather be evaluated within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah. Ibn Qutayba's (d. 276/889) categorization of al-Nakhaʻī as a Shīʿī does not coincide with the Shīʿī understanding of later periods and leads to a wrong conclusion. There is not enough evidence for al-Nakhaʻī to be considered a Shīʿī, so it is not correct to attribute him to this sect. al-Nakhaʻī used ra'y in matters of jurisprudence, but he rejected this method in matters of faith and even argued that ra'y was bid'ah. While he generally used the word 'ra'y' for the bid'ah sects in matters of belief, he used ra’y in practical matters and produced solutions by making qiyās in matters about which there was no clear ruling. However, he adhered to the narrations in matters where there was a hadith. al-Nakhaʻī's devotion to narrations and his tendency to make qiyās in matters where there was no hadith played a major role in shaping the school of fiqh in Kūfah. In conclusion, it can be said that al-Nakhaʻī used ra'y and qiyās in fiqh, but he rejected these methods in matters of faith and adhered to the narrations.

Keywords

Hadith , Kūfah , al-Nakhaʻī , Ahl al-Ra'y , Narration

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

APA
Futsi, A. F. (2024). İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, 7(1), 168-189. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1435849
AMA
1.Futsi AF. İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2024;7(1):168-189. doi:10.52637/kiid.1435849
Chicago
Futsi, Ali Fuat. 2024. “İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 7 (1): 168-89. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1435849.
EndNote
Futsi AF (01 Haziran 2024) İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 7 1 168–189.
IEEE
[1]A. F. Futsi, “İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar”, Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, c. 7, sy 1, ss. 168–189, Haz. 2024, doi: 10.52637/kiid.1435849.
ISNAD
Futsi, Ali Fuat. “İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 7/1 (01 Haziran 2024): 168-189. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1435849.
JAMA
1.Futsi AF. İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2024;7:168–189.
MLA
Futsi, Ali Fuat. “İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, c. 7, sy 1, Haziran 2024, ss. 168-89, doi:10.52637/kiid.1435849.
Vancouver
1.Ali Fuat Futsi. İbrâhim en-Nehaî’ye Yöneltilen Tenkitler Hakkında Mülahazalar. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 01 Haziran 2024;7(1):168-89. doi:10.52637/kiid.1435849