Araştırma Makalesi
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Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 348 - 361, 28.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.975110

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Avrupa’da şehir eşleştirme sürecinin, başlangıcından bugüne tarihsel olarak incelenmesi ve 2020 dönemi Vatandaşlar için Avrupa Programı (Europe for Citizens Programme) çerçevesinde desteklenen Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin şehir eşleştirme kapsamında ürettikleri şehir eşleştirme projelerinin öne çıkan konularının araştırılmasıdır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada öncelikle Avrupa’da şehir eşleştirme süreci tarihsel gelişimi doküman analizi yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, Vatandaşlar için Avrupa Programı 2020 dönemi birinci ve ikinci dönem başvuruları incelenmiştir. Vatandaşlar için Avrupa Programı çerçevesinde şehir eşleştirme programında 2020 yılı döneminde Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin 25.000 Euro maksimum AB hibesi alan projeleri detaylı olarak incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda, Vatandaşlar için Avrupa Programı’nın 2020 yılı ilk ve ikinci dönem başvurularında başarılı olan Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri projelerinde ortak konuların Avrupa’nın geleceği, katılım, çevre, çocuk ve dayanışmaya ilişkin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmanın belirli bir dönemdeki şehir eşleştirme projelerini incelemesi ve çalışmada sadece Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin şehir eşleştirme projelerinin araştırılması araştırmanın sınırlılıklarıdır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Çalışma, Avrupa’da şehir eşleştirme süreci ve son dönemde Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin ürettikleri şehir eşleştirme projelerinin hangi konularda ön plana çıktığı ile ilgili konularda akademik literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Acuto, M., Morissette, M., Chan, D., & Leffel, B. (2016). City diplomacy and twinning: Lessons from the UK, China and globally. City Leadership Initiative Working Paper, For the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. City Leadership Initiative Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy University College London.
  • Cities. (2015). Creativity and innovation in town-twinning activities in Europe and southern Europe, project results. ALDA (Association of Local Democaracy Agencies)-Europe for Cities Programme.
  • Cooper, L. (1984). The twinning of institutions: Its use as a technical assistance delivery system. World Bank Technical Paper Number 23. July 1984. World Bank Technical Paper.
  • Council of Europe. (2015). City to city cooperation toolkit. (Council of Europe-C2C Toolkit-2015). ISIG (Institute of International Sociology Gorizia)- Council of Europe.
  • Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CCRE CEMR). (2007). Twinning for tomorrow’s world practical handbook. October 2007, Council of European Municipalities and Regions Publication.
  • Europe for Citizens Programme. (2020). Europe for citizens programme 2014-2020. Programme guide for actions grants. European Commission Education, Audiovisiual and Culture Executive Agency.
  • European Commission. (1997). A Europe of towns and cities: A practical guide to town-twinning. Prepared by the Secretariat-General of the European Commission under the direction of B. Lücke, & E. Bellocchi. Office for Offical Publications of the European Communities.
  • European Commission. (2020a, June 15), Europe for citizens strand 2 measure 2.1 town twinning selection year 2020 round 1. European Commission Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/sites/eaceasite/files/tt_round_1_selection_results.pdf
  • European Commission. (2020b, June 15). Europe for citizens strand 2 measure 2.1 town twinning selection year 2020 round 2. European Commission Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/sites/eaceasite/files/tt_2020r2_publication_of_results.pdf
  • European Commission-Europe for Citizens. (2021, June 20). Europe for citizens-democratic engagement and civic participation. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/europe-for-citizens/strands/europe-for-citizens-democratic-engagement-and-civic-participation_en
  • European Commission Golden Stars Awards. (2010). Golden stars awards 2010 Europe for citizens programme the book of the awarded projects. European Commission Publication.
  • Habitat (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements) & United Towns Organisation (UTO/FMCU). (2001). City to city cooperation: Issues arising from experience. An Interim Report prepared as a contribution to discussions on decentralised cooperation at the IULA/UTO Unity Congress, Rio de Janerio, 3-6 May 2001 and on city to city cooperation at the 25th United Nations General Assembly Special Session (Istanbul+5) New York, 6-8 June 2001.
  • Handley, S. (2006). Take your partners. The local authority handbook on international partnerships. International Report Number 10. Local Government International Bureau.
  • Hellenic Republic. (2007). A Europe of cities and citizens: A practical guide to the international partnerships of local authorities, Hellenic Republic Ministry of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralization Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  • Jańczak, J. (2017). Town twinning in Europe. Understanding manifestations and strategies. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 32(4), 477-495. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1267589
  • Joenniemi, P., & Jańczak, J. (2017). Theorizing town twinning-towards a global perspective. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 32(4), 423-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1267583
  • Joenniemi, P., & Sergunin, A. (2011a). Another face of integration: City twinning in Europe. Research Journal of International Studies. 22(December, 2011), 120-131. https://psy.hse.ru/data/2012/01/18/1259082245/1RJIS_22_11.pdf
  • Joenniemi, P., & Sergunin, A. (2011b). When two aspire to become one: City-twinning in Northern Europe. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 26(2), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2011.641323
  • Joenniemi, P., & Sergunin, A. (2012). Laboratories of European integration: City twinning in Northern Europe. EUBORDERREGIONS Working Paper Series 1.
  • Jones, M. L., & Blunt, P. (1999). Twinning as a method of sustainable institutional capacity building. Public Administration and Development, 19(4), 381-402. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-162X(199910)19:4<381::AID-PAD87>3.0.CO;2-1
  • Local & Regional Europe. (2021a, July 15). Ten keys to success. http://www.twinning.org/en/page/ten-keys-to success #.YDjd7 WgzZPY
  • Local & Regional Europe. (2021b, July 15). History. http://www.twinning.org/en/page/history#.YDZeTugzZPY
  • Local & Regional Europe. (2021c, July 16). Town twinning. https://www.ccre.org/activites/view/9
  • Local & Regional Europe White Paper. (2011). White paper for an active European citizenship. December 2011. Local & Regional Europe Publication.
  • Newtwin Manual. (2011). Newtwin manual: Innovation and practical ideas for town twinning. CESIE-Centro Studi ed Iniziative Europeo. European Cooperation Department.
  • Ouchi, F. (2004). Twinning as a method for institutional development: A desk review. WBI Evaluation Studies EG04-85. The World Bank Institute, The World Bank, May 2004.
  • Sister Cities International. (2017, June 15). Guide to establishing sister city relationships. Sister Cities International. https://sistercities.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Guide-to-establishing-a-sister-city-relationship.pdf
  • The Handbook of Town Twinning. (2019). The handbook of town twinning: The Turkish perspective. T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı.
  • Twinning Tool. (2021, July 20). The partnership tool for projects and activities. https://www.yereldeab.org.tr/twin/about_sister_cities.html
  • Vilar, C. M. (2021, July 20). Council of European municipalities and regions a Europe for our municipalities and regions: Introducing cemr, European cities and twinning, think globally, act locally. https://www.yereldeab.org.tr/Portals/4/publications/1st_study_visit_ccre_presentation.pdf
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2001). Guidelines for city twinning. Produced for the SAVE II Cycling Project: In Tandem. World Health Organization, 2001.
  • Zelinsky, W. (1991). The twinning of the world: Sister cities in geographic and historical perspective. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 81(1), 1-31. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2563668

Town-Twinning from European Countries Perspective

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 348 - 361, 28.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.975110

Öz

Purpose: The objective of this research is to search the town twinning process in Europe from the beginning to today historically and to investigate the prominent issues of the town twinning projects produced by European Union countries within the scope of town twinning supported within the scope of the 2020 period Europe for Citizens Programme.
Design/Methodology: In the research, firstly, the historical development of the town twinning process in Europe was searched by the method of document analysis. Additionally, applications for the first and second periods of Europe for Citizens Programme 2020 were examined. Within the scope of Europe for Citizens Programme, the projects of European Union countries that received a maximum EU grant of 25.000 Euros in the period of 2020 in the town twinning program were examined in detail.
Findings: In the result of the study, it has reached the conclusion that the common issues in the projects of European Union countries that were successful in the applications of the Europe for Citizens Programme in the first and second terms of 2020 are related to the future of Europe, participation, environment, children and solidarity.
Limitations: The limitations of the study are the study examines the town twinning projects in a certain period and only the town twinning projects of the European Union countries are investigated in the study.
Originality/Value: The study will contribute to the academic literature on the town twinning process in Europe and the topics on which the town twinning projects produced by the European Union countries have come to the fore.

Kaynakça

  • Acuto, M., Morissette, M., Chan, D., & Leffel, B. (2016). City diplomacy and twinning: Lessons from the UK, China and globally. City Leadership Initiative Working Paper, For the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. City Leadership Initiative Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy University College London.
  • Cities. (2015). Creativity and innovation in town-twinning activities in Europe and southern Europe, project results. ALDA (Association of Local Democaracy Agencies)-Europe for Cities Programme.
  • Cooper, L. (1984). The twinning of institutions: Its use as a technical assistance delivery system. World Bank Technical Paper Number 23. July 1984. World Bank Technical Paper.
  • Council of Europe. (2015). City to city cooperation toolkit. (Council of Europe-C2C Toolkit-2015). ISIG (Institute of International Sociology Gorizia)- Council of Europe.
  • Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CCRE CEMR). (2007). Twinning for tomorrow’s world practical handbook. October 2007, Council of European Municipalities and Regions Publication.
  • Europe for Citizens Programme. (2020). Europe for citizens programme 2014-2020. Programme guide for actions grants. European Commission Education, Audiovisiual and Culture Executive Agency.
  • European Commission. (1997). A Europe of towns and cities: A practical guide to town-twinning. Prepared by the Secretariat-General of the European Commission under the direction of B. Lücke, & E. Bellocchi. Office for Offical Publications of the European Communities.
  • European Commission. (2020a, June 15), Europe for citizens strand 2 measure 2.1 town twinning selection year 2020 round 1. European Commission Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/sites/eaceasite/files/tt_round_1_selection_results.pdf
  • European Commission. (2020b, June 15). Europe for citizens strand 2 measure 2.1 town twinning selection year 2020 round 2. European Commission Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/sites/eaceasite/files/tt_2020r2_publication_of_results.pdf
  • European Commission-Europe for Citizens. (2021, June 20). Europe for citizens-democratic engagement and civic participation. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/europe-for-citizens/strands/europe-for-citizens-democratic-engagement-and-civic-participation_en
  • European Commission Golden Stars Awards. (2010). Golden stars awards 2010 Europe for citizens programme the book of the awarded projects. European Commission Publication.
  • Habitat (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements) & United Towns Organisation (UTO/FMCU). (2001). City to city cooperation: Issues arising from experience. An Interim Report prepared as a contribution to discussions on decentralised cooperation at the IULA/UTO Unity Congress, Rio de Janerio, 3-6 May 2001 and on city to city cooperation at the 25th United Nations General Assembly Special Session (Istanbul+5) New York, 6-8 June 2001.
  • Handley, S. (2006). Take your partners. The local authority handbook on international partnerships. International Report Number 10. Local Government International Bureau.
  • Hellenic Republic. (2007). A Europe of cities and citizens: A practical guide to the international partnerships of local authorities, Hellenic Republic Ministry of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralization Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  • Jańczak, J. (2017). Town twinning in Europe. Understanding manifestations and strategies. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 32(4), 477-495. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1267589
  • Joenniemi, P., & Jańczak, J. (2017). Theorizing town twinning-towards a global perspective. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 32(4), 423-428. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1267583
  • Joenniemi, P., & Sergunin, A. (2011a). Another face of integration: City twinning in Europe. Research Journal of International Studies. 22(December, 2011), 120-131. https://psy.hse.ru/data/2012/01/18/1259082245/1RJIS_22_11.pdf
  • Joenniemi, P., & Sergunin, A. (2011b). When two aspire to become one: City-twinning in Northern Europe. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 26(2), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2011.641323
  • Joenniemi, P., & Sergunin, A. (2012). Laboratories of European integration: City twinning in Northern Europe. EUBORDERREGIONS Working Paper Series 1.
  • Jones, M. L., & Blunt, P. (1999). Twinning as a method of sustainable institutional capacity building. Public Administration and Development, 19(4), 381-402. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-162X(199910)19:4<381::AID-PAD87>3.0.CO;2-1
  • Local & Regional Europe. (2021a, July 15). Ten keys to success. http://www.twinning.org/en/page/ten-keys-to success #.YDjd7 WgzZPY
  • Local & Regional Europe. (2021b, July 15). History. http://www.twinning.org/en/page/history#.YDZeTugzZPY
  • Local & Regional Europe. (2021c, July 16). Town twinning. https://www.ccre.org/activites/view/9
  • Local & Regional Europe White Paper. (2011). White paper for an active European citizenship. December 2011. Local & Regional Europe Publication.
  • Newtwin Manual. (2011). Newtwin manual: Innovation and practical ideas for town twinning. CESIE-Centro Studi ed Iniziative Europeo. European Cooperation Department.
  • Ouchi, F. (2004). Twinning as a method for institutional development: A desk review. WBI Evaluation Studies EG04-85. The World Bank Institute, The World Bank, May 2004.
  • Sister Cities International. (2017, June 15). Guide to establishing sister city relationships. Sister Cities International. https://sistercities.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Guide-to-establishing-a-sister-city-relationship.pdf
  • The Handbook of Town Twinning. (2019). The handbook of town twinning: The Turkish perspective. T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği Başkanlığı.
  • Twinning Tool. (2021, July 20). The partnership tool for projects and activities. https://www.yereldeab.org.tr/twin/about_sister_cities.html
  • Vilar, C. M. (2021, July 20). Council of European municipalities and regions a Europe for our municipalities and regions: Introducing cemr, European cities and twinning, think globally, act locally. https://www.yereldeab.org.tr/Portals/4/publications/1st_study_visit_ccre_presentation.pdf
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2001). Guidelines for city twinning. Produced for the SAVE II Cycling Project: In Tandem. World Health Organization, 2001.
  • Zelinsky, W. (1991). The twinning of the world: Sister cities in geographic and historical perspective. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 81(1), 1-31. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2563668
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Zuhal Önez Çetin 0000-0002-4241-1487

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Önez Çetin, Z. (2021). Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 13(25), 348-361. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.975110
AMA Önez Çetin Z. Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). Kasım 2021;13(25):348-361. doi:10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.975110
Chicago Önez Çetin, Zuhal. “Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme”. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13, sy. 25 (Kasım 2021): 348-61. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.975110.
EndNote Önez Çetin Z (01 Kasım 2021) Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13 25 348–361.
IEEE Z. Önez Çetin, “Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme”, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), c. 13, sy. 25, ss. 348–361, 2021, doi: 10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.975110.
ISNAD Önez Çetin, Zuhal. “Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme”. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13/25 (Kasım 2021), 348-361. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.975110.
JAMA Önez Çetin Z. Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2021;13:348–361.
MLA Önez Çetin, Zuhal. “Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme”. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), c. 13, sy. 25, 2021, ss. 348-61, doi:10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.975110.
Vancouver Önez Çetin Z. Avrupa Ülkeleri Perspektifinden Şehir Eşleştirme. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2021;13(25):348-61.