Yeni Sanayileşen Ülkelerde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Ekseninde Kadın İşgücüne Katılım Oranı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33, 1094 - 1113, 09.12.2025

Hilal Alpdoğan , N. Ceren Türkmen

https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.1671139

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, 1991-2021 döneminde yeni sanayileşen ülkelerde (YSÜ) kadınların işgücüne katılım oranını (FLF) etkileyen faktörleri toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği ekseninde incelemektir.
Tasarım/Yöntem: 1991-2021 döneminde YSÜ’ler kapsamında panel veri analizi kullanılan bu araştırma, özellikle Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Endeksi (GII) ve erkek işgücüne katılım oranının (MLF) FLF üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki Westerlund (2008) D-H Panel eşbütünleşme testi ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Pesaran (2006) tarafından geliştirilen ve kesitsel bağımlılığı hesaba katan CCEMG tahmincisi ve AMG tahmincisi uzun vadeli eşbütünleşme katsayılarını tahmin etmek için kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda; kadın işgücü katılım (FLF) oranı üzerinde cinsiyet eşitsizliği endeksinin (GII) olumsuz, erkek işgücü katılım oranının is (MLF) olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak, Feminizasyon U Hipotezi YSÜ’ler için tam olarak doğrulanamamıştır ve bu da YSÜ’lerin benzersiz ekonomik ve sosyal dinamiklerinin klasik kalkınma teorilerinin ötesinde analizler gerektirdiğini göstermektedir.
Özgünlük/Değer: Çalışma, YSÜ’lerde FLF belirleyicilerinin kapsamlı bir analizini sunarak ve politika çıkarımları önererek mevcut literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. Cinsiyet eşitsizliğini azaltmaya yönelik kapsamlı politikaların geliştirilmesi, işgücü piyasası politikalarına bütüncül yaklaşımlar benimsenmesi ve ülkeye özgü sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel faktörleri dikkate alan stratejilerin tasarlanması önerilmektedir. Gelecekteki araştırmalar için, uluslararası ticaret, teknolojik gelişmeler ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların FLF üzerindeki etkilerinin daha detaylı incelenmesi önerilmektedir. Çalışma ayrıca, YSÜ’lerde kadın işgücüne katılımını etkileyen kurumsal faktörlerin analiz edilmesi gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşgücüne katılım , Kadın istihdamı , sürdürülebilir kalkınma , Yeni Sanayileşen Ülkeler

Kaynakça

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