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Sağlık Okuryazarlık Düzeylerine Göre COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna İlişkin Verilen Eğitimin İşçilerin Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Davranışlarına Etkisi

Yıl 2023, , 83 - 94, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.33720/kisgd.1240660

Öz

Amaç: Sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerine göre COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna ilişkin verilen eğitimin işçilerin bilgi ve davranış düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Ön test–son test kontrol gruplu rastgeleştirme tipinde olan bu çalışma, eğitim düzeylerine göre tabakalanmış 142 işçi (deney=71, kontrol=71) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplamada Tanıtıcı Özellik Formu, Bilgi Düzeyi ile Davranış Düzeyi Belirleme Formları ve Sağlık Okuryazarlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerine göre (düşük-orta-yüksek) üç farklı eğitim kitapçığı kullanılarak deney grubuna bire bir eğitimler verilmiştir. Kontrol grubuna bir girişim yapılmamıştır. Grupların eğitim öncesi ve sonrası bilgi düzeyleri ve davranış puanları değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Deney grubundaki işçilerin eğitim öncesi bilgi puan ortancası 26, eğitim sonrası bilgi puan ortancası 29’dur (p=0,00). Kontrol grubundaki işçilerin eğitim öncesi ve sonrası bilgi puan ortancaları değişmemiştir (p>0,05). Deney grubundaki işçilerin eğitim sonrası davranış puanı kontrol gurubundaki işçilere göre daha yüksektir (p=0,00).
Sonuç: Bulgular sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerine göre verilen eğitimin işçilerin bilgi düzeyleri ve davranış puanları arasında fark yarattığını, işçilerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri belirlenerek yapılan eğitimin etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. İş sağlığı çalışanları tarafından sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerine göre hazırlanacak farklı eğitim materyalleriyle kişiye özgün, bire bir eğitimler yürütülmesi işçilerde olumlu davranış değişimine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization, “Employers and workers,” World Health Organization, 1–5, 2021. https://www.who.int/teams/risk-communication/employersandworkers?gclid=CjwKCAjwx8iIBhBwEiwA2quaq-HPYFFj3E-12PeNHZbktrw-Vno_XVGLbM2CSdmnQiu93k6yrH7IRoC7ogQAvD_BwE (Erişim Tarihi: 02.02.2021)
  • Z. G Ateş, “Covıd-19’un İşverenin İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliği Konusunda Alması Gereken Önlemlere Etkisi,” İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Covid-19 Hukuk Özel Sayısı, s. 161-179, 2020, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iticusbe/issue/55311/748852
  • 6331 sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu. Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu:11648–55, 2016.
  • WHO, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Sağlam Kanıtlar, I. Kickbusch, J. M. Pelikan, F. Apfel ve A. D. Tsouros Eds., Çev. Türkiye Sağlıklı Kentler Birliği, 2015.
  • E. Morrish ve H. Jones, “Literacy and health education,” Adult Learn, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 25–7, 1996.
  • Ö. Sezgin ve E Uskun, “Bir sanayi sitesinde küçük ölçekli işyerlerinde çalışanların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi,” Journal Biotechinol & Strategic Health Research, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 236-247, 2021.
  • M.M.M. Abdel-Latif, “The enigma of health literacy and COVID-19 pandemic,” Public health, no. 185, pp. 95–96, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.030
  • K. Sørensen, S. Van Den Broucke, J. Fullam, G. Doyle, J. Pelikan, Z. Slonska ve H. Brand, “Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models.” BMC Public Health, vol.12, no. 80, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80
  • Bayık Temel ve Z. Çimen, “Health literacy, health perception and related factors in old individuals with chronic disease.,” Journal of Ege University Faculty of Nursing, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 105-125, 2017. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/egehemsire/issue/33737/332345
  • J. González-Caballero, “Occupational health nursing research: Critical pandemic related changes,” Workplace Health & Safety, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 346-347, 2022. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/21650799221099034
  • B. Esen, “Koronavirüs’ e karşı iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kanunu gereğince işyerlerinde alınması gereken tedbirler,” e-Yaklaşım Dergisi, no. 28, pp. 6–11, 2020.
  • Z. G. Ateş, “Covid-19 ’un işverenin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusunda almasi gereken önlemlere etkisi,” İstanbul Ticaaret Üniversitesi Sos Bilim Derg., vol. 2, no. COVID-19 Hukuk, pp. 161–79, 2020.
  • G.D. Smith, F. W. Ng and Ho Cheung Li, “COVID-19: Emerging compassion, courage and resilience in the face of misinformation and adversity,” Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 29, no. 9–10, pp. 1425-1428, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15231
  • K.R. Choi, K. Skrine Jeffers, and M. Cynthia Logsdon, “Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak,” Journal of Advanced Nursing, no. 76, pp. 1486-1487, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14369
  • G. C. Urbaniak, and S. Plous, Research randomizer (Version 4.0), https://randomizer.org/ (Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2020)
  • T. Mi and C.-M. Fonu, “WHO health emergency dashboard global status overview data table,” 1–7, 2021. Retrieved from: https://covid19.who.int/
  • Y. Xu, G. Lin, C. Spada, H. Zhao, S. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, G.A. Marraro, X. Zeng, X. Ye, L. Zhang and Y. Zeng, “Public Knowledge, attitudes, and practices behaviors towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during a national epidemic—China,” Frontiers in Public Health, no. 9, pp. 1–13, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.638430
  • E. Jenner, K. Wilson and N. Roberts, Coronavirus: A book for children, London, UK: Nosy Crow Ltd, 2021.
  • https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_04/10142411_Gencler_Icin_Bilgilendirme_Rehberi.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:02.03.2021)
  • World Health Organization, “Considerations for public health and social measures in the workplace in the context of COVID-19,” 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1277575/retrieve
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı, Covid-19 Salgın Yönetimi ve Çalışma Rehberi, 261–8, 2020.
  • World Health Organization, Mask use in the context of COVID-19. 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak
  • D. Nutbeam, “Health promotion glossary,” Health Promot, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 113-27, 1986. Doi: 10.1093/heapro/1.1.113. PMID: 10318625.
  • C. C. Doak, L. G. Doak and J. Root, Teaching Patients with Low Literacy Skills, 2nd Edition, Philadelphia, USA: J.B. Lippincott Company. 1996.
  • IBM SPSS, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version: 25.0, 2017. https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/downloading-ibm-spss-statistics-25
  • Y. Naser, E.Z. Dahmash, H. Alwafi, Z.K. Alsairafi, A.M.A. Rajeh, Y.J. Alhartani and H.S. Alyami, “Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: A multinational cross-sectional study” MedRxiv, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560
  • R. Ssebuufu, F. K. Sikakulya, S. B. Mambo, L. Wasingya, S. K. Nganza, B. Ibrahim and P. Kyamanywa, “Knowledge, attitude, and self-reported practice toward measures for prevention of the spread of COVID-19 among ugandans: A nationwide online cross-sectional survey,” Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 8, Article no. 618731, pp. 1-28, 2020. Doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.618731
  • A. Azlan, M. R. Hamzah, T. J. Sern, S. H. Ayub and E. Mohamad, “Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia,” Plos One, vol.15, no. 5:e0233668, pp. 1-15, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233668
  • Y. K. Uğurlu, H. Durgun, E. Nemutlu and O. Kurd, “COVID-19 salgını sırasında bireylerin sosyal el yıkama bilgi ve tutumunun değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye örneği,” Journal of Contemporary Medicine, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 617–624, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.745349
  • B. L. Zhong, W. Luo, H. M. Li, Q. Q. Zhang, X. G. Liu, W. T. Li and Y. Li, “Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey,” International Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1745-1752, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45221
  • Regulation on the Amendment of Nursing Regulation, Official Gazette, Duties of Occupational Health Nurse, 1–25, 2011.
  • B. X. Tran, G. T. Vu, C. A. Latkin, H. Q. Pham, H. T.Phan, H. T. Le and R.C.M. Ho, “Characterize health and economic vulnerabilities of workers to control the emergence of COVID-19 in an industrial zone in Vietnam,” Safety Science, vol. 129, no. 104811, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104811.
  • I. Kickbusch, J. Pelikan, F. Apfel, and A. Tsouros, “Health literacy solid evidence,” Turkish Healthy Cities Association, 2015, ISBN: 978-605-85824-6-0. Retrieved from: https://www.skb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/saglik-okur-yazarligi-WEB.pdf
  • M. D. Güner ve P. E. Ekmekci, “Döküm fabrikası çalışanlarının sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliği eğitimi ile ilişkisi,” İşyeri Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Cilt. 67, no. 9, ss. 452-460, 2019. Doi: 10.1177/2165079919843306

The Effect of the Education Provided According to the Health Literacy Levels Regarding the COVID-19 Infection on the Knowledge Levels and Behaviors of the Workers

Yıl 2023, , 83 - 94, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.33720/kisgd.1240660

Öz

Purpose: To examine the effect of education given according to health literacy levels related to COVID-19 infection on the knowledge and behavior levels of workers.
Method: Pretest–posttest randomized controlled study was conducted with 142 workers (experiment=71, control=71) stratified by education level. Descriptive Feature Form, Knowledge Level and Behavior Level Determination Forms and Health Literacy Scale were used in data collection. One-to-one training was given to the experimental group by using three different training booklets according to their health literacy levels (low-medium-high). No intervention was made in the control group. The knowledge levels and behavioral scores of the groups were evaluated before and after the training.
Results: The median of knowledge scores of the workers in the experimental group before education was 26, and the median of knowledge scores after education was 29 (p=0.00). The median of knowledge scores of the employees in the control group before and after the training did not change (p>0.05). The post-training behavior score of the employees in the experimental group was higher than the employees in the control group (p=0.00).
Conclusion: The research findings showed that the education given according to the health literacy levels made a difference between the knowledge levels and behavioral scores of the workers, and the trainings made by determining the health literacy levels of the workers were effective. Individual, one-to-one training with different training materials to be prepared by the occupational health nurse according to health literacy levels will contribute to positive behavior change in workers.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization, “Employers and workers,” World Health Organization, 1–5, 2021. https://www.who.int/teams/risk-communication/employersandworkers?gclid=CjwKCAjwx8iIBhBwEiwA2quaq-HPYFFj3E-12PeNHZbktrw-Vno_XVGLbM2CSdmnQiu93k6yrH7IRoC7ogQAvD_BwE (Erişim Tarihi: 02.02.2021)
  • Z. G Ateş, “Covıd-19’un İşverenin İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliği Konusunda Alması Gereken Önlemlere Etkisi,” İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Covid-19 Hukuk Özel Sayısı, s. 161-179, 2020, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iticusbe/issue/55311/748852
  • 6331 sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu. Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu:11648–55, 2016.
  • WHO, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Sağlam Kanıtlar, I. Kickbusch, J. M. Pelikan, F. Apfel ve A. D. Tsouros Eds., Çev. Türkiye Sağlıklı Kentler Birliği, 2015.
  • E. Morrish ve H. Jones, “Literacy and health education,” Adult Learn, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 25–7, 1996.
  • Ö. Sezgin ve E Uskun, “Bir sanayi sitesinde küçük ölçekli işyerlerinde çalışanların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi,” Journal Biotechinol & Strategic Health Research, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 236-247, 2021.
  • M.M.M. Abdel-Latif, “The enigma of health literacy and COVID-19 pandemic,” Public health, no. 185, pp. 95–96, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.030
  • K. Sørensen, S. Van Den Broucke, J. Fullam, G. Doyle, J. Pelikan, Z. Slonska ve H. Brand, “Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models.” BMC Public Health, vol.12, no. 80, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80
  • Bayık Temel ve Z. Çimen, “Health literacy, health perception and related factors in old individuals with chronic disease.,” Journal of Ege University Faculty of Nursing, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 105-125, 2017. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/egehemsire/issue/33737/332345
  • J. González-Caballero, “Occupational health nursing research: Critical pandemic related changes,” Workplace Health & Safety, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 346-347, 2022. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/21650799221099034
  • B. Esen, “Koronavirüs’ e karşı iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kanunu gereğince işyerlerinde alınması gereken tedbirler,” e-Yaklaşım Dergisi, no. 28, pp. 6–11, 2020.
  • Z. G. Ateş, “Covid-19 ’un işverenin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusunda almasi gereken önlemlere etkisi,” İstanbul Ticaaret Üniversitesi Sos Bilim Derg., vol. 2, no. COVID-19 Hukuk, pp. 161–79, 2020.
  • G.D. Smith, F. W. Ng and Ho Cheung Li, “COVID-19: Emerging compassion, courage and resilience in the face of misinformation and adversity,” Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 29, no. 9–10, pp. 1425-1428, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15231
  • K.R. Choi, K. Skrine Jeffers, and M. Cynthia Logsdon, “Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak,” Journal of Advanced Nursing, no. 76, pp. 1486-1487, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14369
  • G. C. Urbaniak, and S. Plous, Research randomizer (Version 4.0), https://randomizer.org/ (Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2020)
  • T. Mi and C.-M. Fonu, “WHO health emergency dashboard global status overview data table,” 1–7, 2021. Retrieved from: https://covid19.who.int/
  • Y. Xu, G. Lin, C. Spada, H. Zhao, S. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, G.A. Marraro, X. Zeng, X. Ye, L. Zhang and Y. Zeng, “Public Knowledge, attitudes, and practices behaviors towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during a national epidemic—China,” Frontiers in Public Health, no. 9, pp. 1–13, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.638430
  • E. Jenner, K. Wilson and N. Roberts, Coronavirus: A book for children, London, UK: Nosy Crow Ltd, 2021.
  • https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_04/10142411_Gencler_Icin_Bilgilendirme_Rehberi.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:02.03.2021)
  • World Health Organization, “Considerations for public health and social measures in the workplace in the context of COVID-19,” 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1277575/retrieve
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı, Covid-19 Salgın Yönetimi ve Çalışma Rehberi, 261–8, 2020.
  • World Health Organization, Mask use in the context of COVID-19. 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak
  • D. Nutbeam, “Health promotion glossary,” Health Promot, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 113-27, 1986. Doi: 10.1093/heapro/1.1.113. PMID: 10318625.
  • C. C. Doak, L. G. Doak and J. Root, Teaching Patients with Low Literacy Skills, 2nd Edition, Philadelphia, USA: J.B. Lippincott Company. 1996.
  • IBM SPSS, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version: 25.0, 2017. https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/downloading-ibm-spss-statistics-25
  • Y. Naser, E.Z. Dahmash, H. Alwafi, Z.K. Alsairafi, A.M.A. Rajeh, Y.J. Alhartani and H.S. Alyami, “Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: A multinational cross-sectional study” MedRxiv, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560
  • R. Ssebuufu, F. K. Sikakulya, S. B. Mambo, L. Wasingya, S. K. Nganza, B. Ibrahim and P. Kyamanywa, “Knowledge, attitude, and self-reported practice toward measures for prevention of the spread of COVID-19 among ugandans: A nationwide online cross-sectional survey,” Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 8, Article no. 618731, pp. 1-28, 2020. Doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.618731
  • A. Azlan, M. R. Hamzah, T. J. Sern, S. H. Ayub and E. Mohamad, “Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia,” Plos One, vol.15, no. 5:e0233668, pp. 1-15, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233668
  • Y. K. Uğurlu, H. Durgun, E. Nemutlu and O. Kurd, “COVID-19 salgını sırasında bireylerin sosyal el yıkama bilgi ve tutumunun değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye örneği,” Journal of Contemporary Medicine, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 617–624, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.745349
  • B. L. Zhong, W. Luo, H. M. Li, Q. Q. Zhang, X. G. Liu, W. T. Li and Y. Li, “Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey,” International Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1745-1752, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45221
  • Regulation on the Amendment of Nursing Regulation, Official Gazette, Duties of Occupational Health Nurse, 1–25, 2011.
  • B. X. Tran, G. T. Vu, C. A. Latkin, H. Q. Pham, H. T.Phan, H. T. Le and R.C.M. Ho, “Characterize health and economic vulnerabilities of workers to control the emergence of COVID-19 in an industrial zone in Vietnam,” Safety Science, vol. 129, no. 104811, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104811.
  • I. Kickbusch, J. Pelikan, F. Apfel, and A. Tsouros, “Health literacy solid evidence,” Turkish Healthy Cities Association, 2015, ISBN: 978-605-85824-6-0. Retrieved from: https://www.skb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/saglik-okur-yazarligi-WEB.pdf
  • M. D. Güner ve P. E. Ekmekci, “Döküm fabrikası çalışanlarının sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliği eğitimi ile ilişkisi,” İşyeri Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Cilt. 67, no. 9, ss. 452-460, 2019. Doi: 10.1177/2165079919843306
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği
Yazarlar

Kübra Kabalcı 0000-0002-3419-5999

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

IEEE K. Kabalcı, “Sağlık Okuryazarlık Düzeylerine Göre COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna İlişkin Verilen Eğitimin İşçilerin Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Davranışlarına Etkisi”, kisgd, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 83–94, 2023, doi: 10.33720/kisgd.1240660.