Fransa’da Protestanlık: Üç Kral, Üç Ferman (Barış, Budama, Yok Sayma)

Öz

Bu makalenin başlığında belirtilen üç kral, IV. Henri, XIII. Louis ve XIV. Louis’dir. Üç fermana gelince, onlar da Nantes (1598), Alais (1629) ve Fontainebleau (1685) fermanlarıdır. Bu fermanların ilki, Nantes Fermanı’dır ve neredeyse 40 yıla erişen bir iç savaş sonrasında, iki cemaat için görece güçlü bir barış çözümüdür. Sonraki iki ferman ise arada belli krallık emirleri olsa da, Nantes Fermanı hükümlerine, değişen koşullara göre, yeni biçim verilmesidir. Bu makale, Fransa Krallığı’ndaki iki cemaatin çatışma boyutunu, kabaca başlangıcı olan 1520’lerin başlarından 17. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar, bütüncül bir şekilde incelemeye çalışmıştır. Makalenin asıl izleği, üç kral saltanatındaki üç ferman üzerinden gelişmeler olsa da, okuyucunun büyük resmi kolay görebilmesi için, asıl kırılma noktası olan III. Henri saltanatı yanında, önceki din savaşlarına da dokunulmuştur. Bu çalışma, bir tarihçinin çalışması değildir. Makalenin problematiği bağlamında, saygın kitap, makale ve internet kaynakları üzerinden elde edilen verilerle 16. ve 17. yüzyıl Fransası’nın dinsel şiddet sorununun anlaşılmasına ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çaba, insanlığın bugün yüksek bir erdem olarak gördüğü “hoşgörü” (tolerance) anlayışının doğuş ve gelişiminin anlaşılmasına da katkı yapacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Huguenotlar
• IV. Henri
• XIII. Louis
• XIV. Louis
• Sapkın.

Protestantism in France: Three Kings, Three Edicts (Peace, Pruning, Negation)

Öz

The three kings mentioned in the title of this article are Henry IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV. As for the three edicts, they are the Edicts of Nantes (1598), Alais (1629), and Fontainebleau (1685). The first of these edicts, the Edict of Nantes, was a relatively strong peace settlement for the two communities after a civil war that had lasted nearly 40 years. The next two edicts, while interspersed with royal decrees, were reshaping the provisions of the Edict of Nantes according to changing circumstances. This article attempts to examine the extent of the conflict between the two communities in the Kingdom of France in a holistic manner, from its rough beginning in the early 1520s to the late 17th century. While the main theme of the article is the developments through three edicts in the reigns of three kings, previous religious wars are also explored, alongside the reign of Henry III, which marked the turning point, to allow the reader to easily grasp the bigger picture. This study is not a historian's work. Within the context of the article's problematic, the article attempts to shed light on the problem of religious violence in 16th and 17th century France using data obtained from reputable books, articles, and internet sources. This effort will also contribute to understanding the birth and development of "tolerance," which humanity today regards as a supreme virtue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Huguenots
• Henry IV
• Louis XIII
• Louis XIV
• Heretic.

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