Otizm ve Özgül Öğrenme Güçlüğü tanısı almış çocukların sağlıklı kardeşlerinin psikolojik uyumu, kardeş ilişkileri ve algıladıkları anne kabul-reddi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 123 - 141, 08.04.2022

Esra Angın , Gülsen Erden

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB), Özgül Öğrenme Güçlüğü (ÖÖG) tanısı olan veya herhangi bir nörogelişimsel geriliği olmayan bireylerin 9-17 yaş arasında olan ve sağlıklı gelişim gösteren kardeşlerinin annelerine ilişkin algıladıkları kabul-red düzeyi, psikolojik uyumu ve kardeş ilişkileri arasındaki olası farkları incelemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemi 9-17 yaş arasında yer alan 138 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların 60’ı (%43.5) erkek, 78’i (%56.5) kızdır. Katılımcıların 92’sinin kardeşinde OSB veya ÖÖG tanısı varken, 46’sının kardeşinde herhangi bir tanı yoktur. Algılanan anne kabul-reddinin, psikolojik uyumun ve kardeş ilişkilerinin araştırma katılımcılarının cinsiyeti ve kardeşlerinin tanı durumuna göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının incelenmesi amacıyla verilerin analizinde çok yönlü varyans analizi (MANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların cinsiyetlerine göre kızların annelerini daha reddedici olarak algıladıkları, erkeklerin psikolojik uyumlarında düşmanlık ve olumsuz öz yeterliği anlamlı biçimde daha yoğun yaşadıkları ve kardeşleri ile olan ilişkilerini daha çatışmalı niteledikleri bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların kardeşlerinin tanısı ile anne kabulüne ilişkin sıcaklık, ihmal, kontrol boyutlarının anlamlı bir biçimde farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca, katılımcıların kardeşlerinin tanı durumuna göre kardeş ilişkilerindeki sıcaklıkları, rekabet etmeleri, kendilerini konumlandırmaları ve çatışma yaşamaları anlamlı biçimde farklılaşmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile engelli kardeşi olan bireylerin cinsiyetleri, gelişimsel dönemleri ekseninde farklılaşabilecek gereksinimlerine yönelik çalışma grupları ve programları hakkında yol gösterici ve bütünsel bir bilgi sağlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

siblings, sibling relationship, autism, ASD, specific learning disability, perceived parental acceptancerejection, psychological adjustment, kardeşler, kardeşlik ilişkisi, otizm, OSB, özgül öğrenme güçlüğü, algılanan ebeveyn kabulreddi, psikolojik uyum

Psychological adjustment, sibling relationships and perceived maternal acceptance-rejection of healthy siblings of individuals with Autism and Specific Learning Disabilities

Öz

The main aim of this study was to examine the potential differences in terms of perceived maternal acceptance-rejection, psychological adjustment, and sibling relations between healthy children aged 9-17 years who have siblings diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) and who do not have siblings with neurodevelopmental disabilities. The sample of the study consisted of 138 children between the ages of 9-17. Sixty of the participants (43.5%) were male, and 78 (56.5%) were female. While 92 of the participants’ siblings had a diagnosis of ASD or SLD, 46 didn’t have any neurodevelopmental disability. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data to examine whether perceived maternal acceptance-rejection, psychological adjustment, and sibling relationships differ according to the gender of the participants and the diagnosis status of their siblings. According to the gender of the participants, it was found that girls perceived their mothers more rejecting, while boys experienced hostility and negative self-efficacy significantly in their psychological adjustment and described their relationships with their siblings as more conflicting. In addition, the dimensions of perceived maternal acceptance ‘warmth,’ ‘neglect,’ and ‘control’ differ significantly with the diagnosis of their siblings. Furthermore, the ‘warmth’ of sibling relationships, competition, self-positioning, and conflict differ significantly depending on the diagnosis status of the siblings of the participants. With this study, directive and holistic information were provided about workshops and programs for the needs of individuals with disabled siblings that might vary in terms of their gender and developmental stages.

Anahtar Kelimeler

siblings, sibling relationship, autism, ASD, specific learning disability, perceived parental acceptancerejection, psychological adjustment, kardeşler, kardeşlik ilişkisi, otizm, OSB, özgül öğrenme güçlüğü, algılanan ebeveyn kabulreddi, psikolojik uyum

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