Basın Özgürlüğü Ve Yolsuzluk İlişkisi: BRICS Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 212 - 235, 30.09.2020

Mustafa Necati Çoban

Öz

Bu çalışmada, BRICS ülkeleri kapsamında basın özgürlüğünün yolsuzluk ile olan ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Basın özgürlüğü göstergesi olarak Freedom House Basın Özgürlüğü Endeksi, yolsuzluk göstergesi olarak ise Dünya Bankası tarafından yayınlanan Yolsuzluk Kontrol Endeksi kullanılmıştır. Enflasyon oranı, ekonomik özgürlük endeksi, kişi başına düşen GSYİH, kamu harcamalarının GSYİH içerisindeki yeri, İnsani Gelişmişlik Endeksi, kentsel nüfus artış hızı ve ticari açıklık oranı gibi değişkenler de açıklayıcı değişkenler olarak çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. BRICS ülkelerine ait 2002-2017 yılları arası veriler kullanılarak panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda BRICS ülkelerinde basın özgürlük endeks değeri arttıkça (basın özgürlüğü azaldıkça), yolsuzluk kontrol endeksinin azaldığı (yolsuzlukların arttığı) sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

basın özgürlüğü, yolsuzluk, panel veri analizi, BRICS

Freedom Of Press And Corruption Relationship: Panel Data Analysis On BRICS Countries

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between freedom of press and corruption with BRICS countries. The Freedom House Press Freedom Index was used as an indicator of press freedom and the Corruption Control Index published by the World Bank was used as an indicator of corruption.The study included explanatory variables such as inflation rate, economic freedom index, GDP per capita, public spending in GDP, Human Development Index, urban population growth rate and trade openness ratio. Panel data analysis was carried out using data from BRICS countries between 2002-2017.As a result of the analysis, as the press freedom index value increased (decreasing freedom of press) in BRICS countries, it was concluded that corruption control index decreased (corruption increased).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Press Freedom, Corruption, Panel Data Analysis, BRICS

Kaynakça

• Adegboyega, R. (2017). Corruption and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Cointegration (FM-OLS) Approach, Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics, 17(1), 5-18.
• Baltagi, B. (2001). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 2nd Ed., UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
• Bektaş, V. (2017). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Cari Açıkların Sürdürülebilirliği: Bir Panel Veri Analizi, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt:17, Yıl: 17, Sayı: 1, 51-66.
• Bhattacharyya, S. ve Hodler, R. (2015). Media Freedom and Democracy in the Fight Against Corruption, European Journal of Political Economy, 39, 13–24.
• Camaj, L. (2012). The Media’s Role in Fighting Corruption: Media Effects on Governmental Accountability,The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18(1), 21–42.
• Charron, N. (2009). The Impact of Socio-Political Integration and Press Freedom on Corruption, The Journal of Development Studies, 45(9), 1472-1493.
• Chowdhury, S. K. (2004). The Effect of Democracy and Press Freedom on Corruption: An Empirical Test, Economics Letters, 85, 93-101.
• Daniels, D. (2011). Freedom of the Media as Freedom from Corruption, Florida State University Libraries, Honors Theses, The Division of Undergraduate Studies, The Florida State University.
• Dutta, N., ve Roy, S. (2016). The Interactive Impact of Press Freedom and Media Reach on Corruption, Economic Modelling, Vol. 58, No. 1, 227–236.
• Fiorino, N., Galli, E. ve Petrarca, I. (2014). Press and Corruption in the Italian Regions: An Empirical Test, Presented at SIEP Conference, Pavia, Italy, September 26-27, www.siecon.org/online/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Fiorino-Galli-Petrarca-83.pdf (Accessed February 11, 2019).
• Freille, S., Haque, M. E. ve Kneller, R. (2005). A contribution to the Empirics of Press Freedom and Corruption, The University of Nottingham Research Paper Series, 24, 1-35.
• Jha, C. K. ve Sarangi, S. (2017). Does Social Media Reduce Corruption? , Information Economics and Policy, 39, 60–71.
• Kalenborn, C. ve Lessmann, C. (2013). The Impact of Democracy and Press Freedom on Corruption: Conditionality Matters,Journal of Policy Modeling, 35(6), 857–886.
• Korkmaz, T., Yıldız, B. ve Gökbulut, R.İ. (2010). Testing The Validity of CAPM in ISE National 100 Index With Panel Data Analysis, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 39 (1), 95-105.
• Kurakin, A. ve Sukharenko, A. (2018). Anti-Corruption in the BRICS Countries, BRICS Law Journal, Volume V, Issue I, 56-77.
• Kutlar, A. (2000). Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri, Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
• Majeed, M. T. (2014). Corruption and Trade, Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 29, No. 4, 759-782.
• Pal, S., Dutta, N. ve Roy, S. (2011). Media Freedom, Socio-Political Stability and Economic Growth,Available online “https://www.ioea.eu/pdf/textes_2011/Dutta-Media-Freedom.pdf”(accessed on 11 February 2019).
• Sahu, K. S. ve Gahlot, R. (2014). Perception about Corruption in Public Servicies: a Case of BRICS Countries, Journal of Social Science for Policy Implications, June 2014, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 109-124
• Starke, C., Naab, T. K. ve Scherer, H. (2016). Free to Expose Corruption: The Impact of Media Freedom, Internet Access and Governmental Online Service Delivery on Corruption,International Journal of Communication, 10, 4702–4722.
• Uluyol, O., ve Türk, V. E. (2013). Finansal Rasyoların Firma Değerine Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul (BİST)'da Bir Uygulama, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 365-384.
• UNDP (2016). Human Development Report 2016, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_ human_development_report.pdf (Accessed March 4, 2019).
• Wu, R. (2016). Why do Firms Bribe? An Empirical Study in BRICS Economies from 2002 to 2012, Economics and Business Letters, 5(3), 72-79.