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NACA 0012 ve NACA 0015 Profillerinde Akış Ayrılması ve Aerodinamik Davranışının Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 88 - 98, 23.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55213/kmujens.1824626
https://izlik.org/JA52KY85LE

Öz

Düşük Reynolds sayısında çalışan kanat profilleri; mikro hava araçları, küçük ölçekli İHA’lar (İnsansız hava araçları) düşük hızlı ses altı rüzgâr tüneli çalışmalarında kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu akış koşullarında viskoz etkiler baskın hâle gelirken, laminer akıştan türbülansa geçiş süreci ve laminer ayrılma kabarcıklarının (LSB) oluşumu aerodinamik davranışı belirgin şekilde etkilemektedir. Kanat yüzeyinde akışın ayrılma bölgesi ve genişliği, kaldırma-sürükleme katsayıları ile stall özelliklerini doğrudan şekillendiren temel unsurlardır. Bu nedenle, farklı kalınlıklara sahip simetrik NACA profillerinin düşük Reynolds sayılarındaki akış karakteristiklerinin ayrıntılı biçimde incelenmesi hem aerodinamik tasarım açısından hem de sayısal analizlerin doğrulanması bakımından önemli bir gereksinimdir. Bu çalışma, düşük Reynolds sayılarında NACA 0012 ve NACA 0015 kanat profillerinin akış ayrılması davranışlarını ve aerodinamik özelliklerini incelemektedir. Ters akış bölgelerinin oluşumunu ve yüzey akış desenlerini belirlemek amacıyla yağ akışı (oil-flow) görselleştirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Akış ayrılmasının genel aerodinamik performans üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için kaldırma, sürükleme ve moment kuvvetleri XFLR5 yazılımı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Deneyler 50.000 ve 75.000 Reynolds sayılarında ve geniş bir hücum açısı aralığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yağ görselleştirmeleri, belirgin ayrılma ve yeniden yapışma bölgelerini ortaya koyarken; yazılım ile elde edilen verilerde stall açısının ve akışın kanat yüzeyi üzerinde hareketinin anlaşılması sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, geometrik kalınlık ile akış ayrılma başlangıcı ve aerodinamik verimlilik arasındaki ilişkiyi ayrıntılı biçimde ortaya koyarak, düşük Reynolds sayılı kanat tasarımları ve sayısal model doğrulamaları için önemli veriler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, I. H., & Platt, R. C. (1936). Aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 23012 and 23021 airfoils with 20-percent-chord external-airfoil flaps of NACA 23012 section. NASA Technical Reports Server.
  • Ardany, M. D., Pandiangan, P., & Hasan, M. (2021). Lift force of airfoil (NACA 0012, NACA 4612, NACA 6612) with variation of angle of attack and camber: Computational fluid dynamics study. Computational and Experimental Research in Materials and Renewable Energy, 2021(4):2.
  • Berger, M., Raffeiner, P., Senfter, T., & Pillei, M. (2024). A comparison between 2D DeepCFD, 2D CFD simulations, and 2D/2C PIV measurements of NACA 0012 and NACA 6412 airfoils. Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2024(57):101794.
  • Elsayed, A. M., Gaheen, O. A., Elshimy, H., Benini, E., & Aziz, M. A. (2025). Bio-inspired pressure side stepped NACA 23012C as wind turbine airfoils in low Reynolds number. Energy Reports, 2025(13):3728-3744.
  • Göv, İ., & Doğru, M. H. (2020). Aerodynamic optimization of NACA 0012 airfoil. The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences, 2020 (2)5:146-155.
  • Hamoud, A. J. (2023). The aerodynamic analysis of iced and clean NACA 4410 and 0012 airfoils. Pollack Periodica, 2023(18)2:29–34.
  • Handoyono, N. A., & Wardhana, A. G. S. (2019). Comparison of hint wind tines of airfoil type NACA 4412, NACA 23012, and NACA 16-212 using QBlade software. VANOS Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, 2019(4)1:85-93.
  • Kumar, S., Verma, A., Verma, Y. P., & Singh, A. (2025). Selection of micro wind turbine blade design based on symmetric NACA 4-digit airfoils. Facta Universitatis: Series Electronics and Energetics, 2025(38) 2:277-288.
  • Lin, K., Zhang, S., Liu, C., Yang, H., & Zhang, B. (2023). Aerodynamic optimization of NACA 0012 airfoils with attached Gurney flap in the rarefied gas flow. AIP Advances, 2023(13):125002.
  • Masri, J., & Ismail, M. (2025). Numerical analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of tandem NACA 4412 airfoils under heated wake influence. Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer, 2025(32):1.
  • Matyushenko, A., Stabnikov, A. S., & Garbaruk, A. V. (2018). Comparative analysis of transition models in prediction of flow over NACA-0012 airfoils in tandem. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018 (1038): 012130.
  • Mohamed, M. A. R., Yadav, R., & Guven, U. (2021). Flow separation control using a bio-inspired nose for NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2021(93)2: 251–266.
  • Rodríguez-Sevillano, Á. A., Casati-Calzada, M. J., Bardera-Mora, R., Ballesteros-Grande, L., Martínez-García-Rodrigo, L., López-Cuervo-Alcaraz, A., … Matías-García, J. C. (2023). Exploring the effectiveness of visualization techniques for NACA symmetric airfoils at extremely low Reynolds numbers. Fluids, 2023(7)8: 207.
  • Salas Gonzales, J. L., Mamani Hilasaca, K. R., Hilario Huaccha, A. D., Kana Hancco, W. A., Apaza Gutiérrez, J. L., Butron Fernandez, F. A., & Lopez Tejada, W. R. (2024). Modeling of a horizontal axis wind turbine with the QBlade simulator and NACA airfoils. Wind Engineering, 2024:49(3):810-832.
  • Seetha Rama Rao, Y., Srujan Manohar, M. V. N., & Siva Praveen, S. V. V. (2021). CFD simulation of NACA airfoils at various angles of attack. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021(1168):012011.
  • Shi, W., Shi, Z., Xie, Z., Zhang, Q., Yang, Y., & Tan, L. (2021). Numerical simulation of random cavitation suppression based on variable NACA airfoils. Applied Sciences, 2021(24)11: 11618.
  • Singh, S., Khatri, A., Kumar, V., Murugaiah, M., Ahmad, K. A., Hegde, N. T., Ramesh, S. C., & Prabhakar, D. A. P. (2025). Aerodynamic impact of repair patches on NACA 0012 and NACA 2412 airfoils: A computational study. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2025(126): 67-85.
  • Skinner, R., Doostan, A., Peters, E., Evans, J. A., & Jansen, K. E. (2019). Reduced-basis multifidelity approach for efficient parametric study of NACA airfoils. AIAA Journal, 2019(57) 4.
  • Tenguria, N., Mittal, N. D., & Ahmed, S. (2014). Performance estimation of HAWT blade using NACA airfoils. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2014: 131-145.
  • Tokul, A., & Kurt, U. (2023). Comparative performance analysis of NACA 2414 and NACA 6409 airfoils for horizontal-axis small wind turbine. International Journal of Energy Studies, 2023 (4)8: 879-898.
  • Viken, S. A. W., & Maksymiuk, C. M. (1986). Aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 16-series airfoils. NASA Tech Briefs.
  • Yonekura, K., Wada, K., & Suzuki, K. (2022). Generating various airfoils with required lift coefficients by combining NACA and Joukowski airfoils using conditional variational autoencoders. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2022(108):104560.
  • Zhao, P., Quan, Q., Chen, S., Yang, T., Bai, D., Tang, D., Deng, Z., & Yang, T. (2019). Geometry shape selection of NACA airfoils for Mars rotorcraft. Acta Astronautica,2022(157): 300-309.

Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 88 - 98, 23.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55213/kmujens.1824626
https://izlik.org/JA52KY85LE

Öz

Low Reynolds Number airfoils are highly significant in micro aerial vehicles and small-size UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), as well as in low-speed subsonic wind tunnel tests. At low Reynolds Numbers, viscous forces become more dominant, and the phenomena of this transition and the generation of Laminar Separation Bubbles are also very significant. The separation zone and width of the flow on the wing surface are the basic elements that directly shape the lift-drag coefficients and stall characteristics.Hence, an in-depth research on the flow behavior of symmetrical airfoils with various thickness values at Low Reynolds Numbers is a significant prerequisite for both aerodynamic design and validating numerical calculations. This study examines the flow separation behaviors and aerodynamic properties of NACA 0012 and NACA 0015 airfoils at low Reynolds numbers. The reverse and surface flow patterns are measured by oil flow visualization techniques, and the lift, drag, and moment forces are calculated by the XFLR5 software to understand the influence of flow separation on aerodynamic behavior. The experiments were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 50,000 and 75,000 for various angles of attack. The visualizations produced by the oil flow helped identify separation and reattachment zones, whereas the computational results were useful for understanding the stall angle and the generation of flow motion on the airfoil surface. The results clearly indicate the relationship between geometric thickness, the onset of flow separation, and aerodynamic efficiency, offering valuable data for low-Reynolds-number airfoil design and the validation of numerical models.

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, I. H., & Platt, R. C. (1936). Aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 23012 and 23021 airfoils with 20-percent-chord external-airfoil flaps of NACA 23012 section. NASA Technical Reports Server.
  • Ardany, M. D., Pandiangan, P., & Hasan, M. (2021). Lift force of airfoil (NACA 0012, NACA 4612, NACA 6612) with variation of angle of attack and camber: Computational fluid dynamics study. Computational and Experimental Research in Materials and Renewable Energy, 2021(4):2.
  • Berger, M., Raffeiner, P., Senfter, T., & Pillei, M. (2024). A comparison between 2D DeepCFD, 2D CFD simulations, and 2D/2C PIV measurements of NACA 0012 and NACA 6412 airfoils. Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2024(57):101794.
  • Elsayed, A. M., Gaheen, O. A., Elshimy, H., Benini, E., & Aziz, M. A. (2025). Bio-inspired pressure side stepped NACA 23012C as wind turbine airfoils in low Reynolds number. Energy Reports, 2025(13):3728-3744.
  • Göv, İ., & Doğru, M. H. (2020). Aerodynamic optimization of NACA 0012 airfoil. The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences, 2020 (2)5:146-155.
  • Hamoud, A. J. (2023). The aerodynamic analysis of iced and clean NACA 4410 and 0012 airfoils. Pollack Periodica, 2023(18)2:29–34.
  • Handoyono, N. A., & Wardhana, A. G. S. (2019). Comparison of hint wind tines of airfoil type NACA 4412, NACA 23012, and NACA 16-212 using QBlade software. VANOS Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, 2019(4)1:85-93.
  • Kumar, S., Verma, A., Verma, Y. P., & Singh, A. (2025). Selection of micro wind turbine blade design based on symmetric NACA 4-digit airfoils. Facta Universitatis: Series Electronics and Energetics, 2025(38) 2:277-288.
  • Lin, K., Zhang, S., Liu, C., Yang, H., & Zhang, B. (2023). Aerodynamic optimization of NACA 0012 airfoils with attached Gurney flap in the rarefied gas flow. AIP Advances, 2023(13):125002.
  • Masri, J., & Ismail, M. (2025). Numerical analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of tandem NACA 4412 airfoils under heated wake influence. Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer, 2025(32):1.
  • Matyushenko, A., Stabnikov, A. S., & Garbaruk, A. V. (2018). Comparative analysis of transition models in prediction of flow over NACA-0012 airfoils in tandem. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018 (1038): 012130.
  • Mohamed, M. A. R., Yadav, R., & Guven, U. (2021). Flow separation control using a bio-inspired nose for NACA 4 and 6 series airfoils. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2021(93)2: 251–266.
  • Rodríguez-Sevillano, Á. A., Casati-Calzada, M. J., Bardera-Mora, R., Ballesteros-Grande, L., Martínez-García-Rodrigo, L., López-Cuervo-Alcaraz, A., … Matías-García, J. C. (2023). Exploring the effectiveness of visualization techniques for NACA symmetric airfoils at extremely low Reynolds numbers. Fluids, 2023(7)8: 207.
  • Salas Gonzales, J. L., Mamani Hilasaca, K. R., Hilario Huaccha, A. D., Kana Hancco, W. A., Apaza Gutiérrez, J. L., Butron Fernandez, F. A., & Lopez Tejada, W. R. (2024). Modeling of a horizontal axis wind turbine with the QBlade simulator and NACA airfoils. Wind Engineering, 2024:49(3):810-832.
  • Seetha Rama Rao, Y., Srujan Manohar, M. V. N., & Siva Praveen, S. V. V. (2021). CFD simulation of NACA airfoils at various angles of attack. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021(1168):012011.
  • Shi, W., Shi, Z., Xie, Z., Zhang, Q., Yang, Y., & Tan, L. (2021). Numerical simulation of random cavitation suppression based on variable NACA airfoils. Applied Sciences, 2021(24)11: 11618.
  • Singh, S., Khatri, A., Kumar, V., Murugaiah, M., Ahmad, K. A., Hegde, N. T., Ramesh, S. C., & Prabhakar, D. A. P. (2025). Aerodynamic impact of repair patches on NACA 0012 and NACA 2412 airfoils: A computational study. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2025(126): 67-85.
  • Skinner, R., Doostan, A., Peters, E., Evans, J. A., & Jansen, K. E. (2019). Reduced-basis multifidelity approach for efficient parametric study of NACA airfoils. AIAA Journal, 2019(57) 4.
  • Tenguria, N., Mittal, N. D., & Ahmed, S. (2014). Performance estimation of HAWT blade using NACA airfoils. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2014: 131-145.
  • Tokul, A., & Kurt, U. (2023). Comparative performance analysis of NACA 2414 and NACA 6409 airfoils for horizontal-axis small wind turbine. International Journal of Energy Studies, 2023 (4)8: 879-898.
  • Viken, S. A. W., & Maksymiuk, C. M. (1986). Aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 16-series airfoils. NASA Tech Briefs.
  • Yonekura, K., Wada, K., & Suzuki, K. (2022). Generating various airfoils with required lift coefficients by combining NACA and Joukowski airfoils using conditional variational autoencoders. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2022(108):104560.
  • Zhao, P., Quan, Q., Chen, S., Yang, T., Bai, D., Tang, D., Deng, Z., & Yang, T. (2019). Geometry shape selection of NACA airfoils for Mars rotorcraft. Acta Astronautica,2022(157): 300-309.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Samet Giray Tunca 0000-0002-7632-8745

Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Aralık 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.55213/kmujens.1824626
IZ https://izlik.org/JA52KY85LE
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tunca, S. G. (2025). Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 88-98. https://doi.org/10.55213/kmujens.1824626
AMA 1.Tunca SG. Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils. KMUJENS. 2025;7(2):88-98. doi:10.55213/kmujens.1824626
Chicago Tunca, Samet Giray. 2025. “Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils”. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 7 (2): 88-98. https://doi.org/10.55213/kmujens.1824626.
EndNote Tunca SG (01 Aralık 2025) Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 7 2 88–98.
IEEE [1]S. G. Tunca, “Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils”, KMUJENS, c. 7, sy 2, ss. 88–98, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.55213/kmujens.1824626.
ISNAD Tunca, Samet Giray. “Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils”. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 7/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 88-98. https://doi.org/10.55213/kmujens.1824626.
JAMA 1.Tunca SG. Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils. KMUJENS. 2025;7:88–98.
MLA Tunca, Samet Giray. “Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils”. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 7, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 88-98, doi:10.55213/kmujens.1824626.
Vancouver 1.Tunca SG. Analysis Of Flow Separation and Aerodynamic Behavior On Naca0012 and Naca0015 Airfoils. KMUJENS [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2025;7(2):88-9. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA52KY85LE

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