THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON HEALTH EXPENDITURES: GMM METHOD

Öz

Health expenditures are affected by different macroeconomic variables in country economies. From this point of view, this study aims to examine the relationship between environmental pollution and health expenditures in two country groups classified as Upper Income Group Countries and Upper-Middle Income Group Countries for the period 2000-2019. Health expenditures as the dependent variable in the study; CO2 emissions, economic growth and population were chosen as independent variables. The relationship between variables was estimated with the "Two-Stage GMM Method". According to the analysis results, it has been determined that the increase in environmental pollution positively affects the increase in health expenditures in both Upper Income Group Countries and Upper-Middle Income Group Countries. Therefore, we can state that every positive step taken to reduce environmental pollution will contribute to decreases in health expenditures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health Expenditures
• CO2 Emissions
• GMM Method

ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİNİN SAĞLIK HARCAMALARINA ETKİSİ: GMM YÖNTEMİ

Öz

Sağlık harcamaları ülke ekonomilerinde farklı makroekonomik değişkenlerden etkilenmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışma 2000-2019 dönemi için Üst Gelir Grubu Ülkeler ve Üst-Orta Gelir Grubu Ülkeler olarak sınıflandırılan iki ülke grubunda çevre kirliliği ile sağlık harcamaları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak sağlık harcamaları; bağımsız değişkenler olarak CO2 emisyonu, ekonomik büyüme ve nüfus seçilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişki “İki Aşamalı GMM Yöntemi” ile tahmin edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, hem Üst Gelir Grubu Ülkeler ve hem de Üst-Orta Gelir Grubu Ülkelerde çevre kirliliğindeki artışın, sağlık harcamalarındaki artışı pozitif yönlü olarak etkilediği saptanmıştır. Dolayısıyla çevresel kirliliğin azaltılmasına yönelik olarak atılacak her olumlu adımın sağlık harcamalarındaki azalışlara katkı sağlayacağını ifade edebiliriz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık Harcamaları
• CO2 Emisyonu
• GMM Yöntemi

Kaynakça

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