LINKING HUMAN CAPITAL TO INNOVATION CAPABILITY: A DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES PERSPECTIVE

Öz

The research examines the mediating role of dynamic capabilities in the effect of human capital on innovation capability. The research was conducted with white-collar employees in a logistics company based in Istanbul. A simple random sampling technique was used to determine the sample. The research sample is 238 employees working in the same company for at least three years. Mediation models were used to analyse the data. The data analysis determined that employee capital significantly increases the company's dynamic and innovation capabilities. In addition, the company's dynamic capabilities mediate in forming the innovation capability of employee capital. The hypotheses created within the scope of the research were supported. Human capital companies' dynamic capabilities effectively form the company's dynamic capabilities and subsequently obtain innovation capabilities. The research contributes to the literature by associating employee capital, innovation capability, and dynamic capabilities in the logistics sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Human capital
• dynamic capabilities
• innovation capability
• logistics industry

İNSAN SERMAYESİNİ İNOVASYON YETENEĞİNE BAĞLAMAK: DİNAMİK YETENEKLER PERSPEKTİFİ

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı, insan sermayesinin inovasyon yeteneğine etkisinde dinamik yeteneklerin aracılık rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma, İstanbul merkezli bir lojistik firmasındaki beyaz yakalı çalışanlarla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklemin belirlenmesinde basit tesadüfi örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi en az üç yıldır aynı firmada çalışan 238 çalışandır. Verilerin analizinde aracılık modelleri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda insan sermayesinin firmanın dinamik yetenekleri ve inovasyon yeteneğini önemli düzeyde arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca firmanın dinamik yetenekleri, insan sermayesinin inovasyon yeteneğinin oluşmasında aracılık rolüne sahiptir. Araştırma kapsamında oluşturulan hipotezler desteklenmiştir. İnsan sermayesi firmaların dinamik yetenekleri, firmanın dinamik yeteneklerinin oluşmasında, sonrasında inovasyon yeteneklerinin elde edilmesinde etkilidir. Araştırma, lojistik sektöründe insan sermayesini, inovasyon yeteneği ve dinamik yetenekleri ilişkilendirerek alanyazına katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsan sermayesi
• dinamik yetenekler
• inovasyon yeteneği
• lojistik sektörü.

Kaynakça

1. Adler, P. S. and Shenhar, A. (1990). Adapting Your Technological Base: The Organizational Challenge. MIT Sloan Management Review, 32(1), 25.
2. Ahmadi, H. and O'Cass, A. (2018). Transforming Entrepreneurial Posture into a Superior First Product Market Position Via Dynamic Capabilities and TMT Prior Start-up Experience. Industrial Marketing Management, 68, 95-105.
3. Augier, M. and Teece, D.J. (2009). Dynamic Capabilities and The Role of Managers in Business Strategy and Economic Performance. Organization Science. 20(2), 410-421.
4. Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99– 120.
5. Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psycho-logical Research: Conceptual, Strategic, And Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
6. Breznik, L. and D. Hisrich, R. (2014). Dynamic Capabilities vs. Innovation Capability: Are They Related? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21(3), 368-384.
7. Calantone, R. J., Cavusgil, S. T. and Zhao, Y. (2002). Learning Orientation, Firm Innovation Capability, and Firm Performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 31, 515–524.
8. Chatterji, A. and Patro, A. (2014). Dynamic Capabilities and Managing Human Capital. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(4), 395-408.

9. Chen, J., Zhao, X. and Wang, Y. (2015). A New Measurement of Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on Innovation Performance in an Open Innovation Paradigm. International Journal of Technology Management, 67(1), 1-25.
10. Çakmak, F. (2021). İnsan Sermayesi ve Örgütsel Bağlılık İlişkisinin Araştırılmasında Demografik Özelliklerin Düzenleyici Rolü: Farklı Araştırma Yöntemleri Arasında Karşılaştırma. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 23(40), 98-121.
11. Damar, A. and İraz, R., (2020). Entelektüel Sermaye ve Rekabet Avantajı Ölçeklerinin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişkiler: Kobiler Üzerine Bir Araştırma, BMIJ, 8(5) 4487-4520 http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i5.1653
12. Donate, M.J., Pena, I. and Sanchez de Pablo, J.D. (2016). HRM Practices for Human and Social Capital Development: Effects on Innovation Capabilities. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(9), 928-953.
13. Drucker, P. F. (1993). Yeni gerçekler (Çev. B. Karanakçı). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
14. Edvinsson, L. and Malone, M. S. (1997). Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company's True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower. New York: Harper Business
15. Eisenhardt, K. M. and Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They? Strategic Management Journal, 21(10‐11), 1105-1121.
16. Ellonen, H. K., Jantunen, A. and Kuivalainen, O. (2011). The Role of Dynamic Capabilities in Developing Innovation-Related Capabilities. International Journal of Innovation Management, 15(03), 459-478.
17. Elsharnouby, T. H. and Elbanna, S. (2021). Change or Perish: Examining the Role of Human Capital and Dynamic Marketing Capabilities in The Hospitality Sector. Tourism Management, 82, 104184.
18. Fallon-Byrne, L. and Harney, B. (2017). Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities for Innovation: A Review and Research Agenda. The Irish Journal of Management, 36(1), 21-31.
19. Farah, A. and Abouzeid, S. (2017). The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Performance: Evidence from The Public Sector. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 9(2), 225-238.
20. Gardner, T. M. (2005). Interfirm Competition for Human Resources: Evidence from The Software Industry. Academy of Management Journal, 48(2), 237-256.
21. Giniuniene, J. and Jurksiene, L. (2015). Dynamic Capabilities, Innovation and Organizational Learning: Interrelations and Impact on Firm Performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 985-991.
22. Giudice, M.D., Khan, Z., Silva, M.D., Scuotto, V., Caputo, F. and Carayannis, E. (2017). The Microlevel Actions Undertaken by Owner-Managers in Improving the Sustainability Practices of Cultural and Creative Small and Medium Enterprises: A United Kingdom-Italy Comparison. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(9), 1396- 1414.
23. Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 109– 122.
24. Guan, J. and Ma, N. (2003). Innovative Capability and Export Performance of Chinese Firms. Technovation, 23(9), 737-747.
25. Gürbüz, S. (2021). Sosyal Bilimlerde Aracı, Düzenleyici ve Durumsal Etki Analizleri (2. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
26. Hair J. F. Jr., Anderson R. E., Tatham R. L. and Black W. C. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. Macmillan.
27. Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, Conditional, And Moderated Mediation: Quantification, Inference, and Interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1352100
28. Hii, J. and Neely, A. (2000). Innovative Capacity of Firms: On Why Some Firms Are More Innovative Than Others. Paper Presented at 7th International Annual EurOMA Conference, June, Ghent.
29. Kale, P. and Singh, H. (2009). Managing strategic alliances: What Do We Know Now, And Where Do We Go from Here? Academy of Management Perspectives, 23(3), 45-62.
30. Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (2006). How to Implement a New Strategy Without Disrupting Your Organization. Harvard Business Review, March, 100–109
31. Karahan, M. (2017). Denetim Raporlarının Yayınlanma Süresini Etkileyen Faktörler BIST 100 Endeksinde Yer Alan Şirketler Üzerine Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research. 4(15), 1819-1830.
32. Kocaay, F., Demir, B. T. and Biçer, B. K. (2022). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde İnternet, Sosyal Medya ve Oyun Bağımlılığının Değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer, 12(3), 511-519.
33. Kor, Y.Y. and Leblebici, H. 2005. How do Interdependencies Among Human-Capital Deployment, Development, and Diversification Strategies Affect Firms, Financial Performance? Strategic Management Journal, 26, 967 – 985.
34. Lawson, B. and Samson, D. (2001). Developing Innovation Capability in Organizations: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach. International Journal of Innovation Management, 5(03), 377-400.
35. Lee, E.-S. and Song, D.-W. (2015). The Effect of Shipping Knowledge and Absorptive Capacity on Organizational Innovation and Logistics Value. International Journal of Logistics Management. 26(2), 218-237.
36. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992). Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 363-380.
37. Liu, C.-H., Chang, A.Y.-P. and Fang, Y.-P. (2020). Network Activities as Critical Sources of Creating Capability and Competitive Advantage: The Mediating Role of Innovation Capability and Human Capital. Management Decision, 58(3), 544-568. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2017-0733
38. Mangematin, V. and Nesta, L. (1999). What Kind of Knowledge can a Firm Absorb? International Journal of Technology Management, 18, 149 – 172.
39. Buenechea-Elberdin, M., Sáenz, J. and Kianto, A. (2017) Exploring the Role of Human Capital, Renewal Capital and Entrepreneurial Capital in Innovation Performance in High-Tech and Low-Tech Firms. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 15(3), 369-379, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41275-017-0069-3
40. Momeni, M., Nielsen, S. B. and Kafash, M. H. (2015). Determination of Innovation Capability of Organizations: Qualitative Meta Synthesis and Delphi Method. In Proceedings of RESER2015 - Innovative Services in the 21st Century. 25th Annual RESER Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark.
41. Najafi-Tavani, S., Najafi-Tavani, Z., Naudé, P., Oghazi, P. and Zeynaloo, E. (2018). How Collaborative Innovation Networks Affect New Product Performance: Product Innovation Capability, Process Innovation Capability, And Absorptive Capacity. Industrial Marketing Management, 73, 193-205.
42. Nieves, J. and Haller, S. (2014). Building Dynamic Capabilities Through Knowledge Resources. Tourism Management, 40, 224-232.
43. Parashar, M. and Singh, K.S. (2005). Innovation Capability. IIMB Management Review, 17(4), 115-123.
44. Piening, E. P. and Salge, T. O. (2015). Understanding The Antecedents, Contingencies, And Performance Implications of Process Innovation: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 80-97.
45. Pisano, G. P. (2017). Toward A Prescriptive Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategic Choice, Learning, And Competition. Industrial and Corporate Change, 26(5), 747-762.
46. Pitelis, C. N. (2022). Dynamic Capabilities, The New Multinational Enterprise and Business Model Innovation: A De/Re-Constructive Commentary. Journal of International Business Studies, 53(4), 741-753.
47. Ployhart, R. E., Van Iddekinge, C. H. and Mackenzie Jr, W. I. (2011). Acquiring and Developing Human Capital in Service Contexts: The Interconnectedness of Human Capital Resources. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 353–368.
48. Porter, M. E. (1980). Industry Structure and Competitive Strategy: Keys to Profitability. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(4), 30-41.
49. Porter, M. E. (2006). Understanding Industry Structure. Harvard Business Review Press (China Case Studies).
50. Preacher, K. J. and Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS Procedures for Estimating Indirect Effects in Simple Mediation Models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717-731. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206553
51. Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D. and Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, And Prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273170701341316
52. Rajapathirana, R. J. and Hui, Y. (2018). Relationship Between Innovation Capability, Innovation Type, And Firm Performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(1), 44-55.
53. Romijn, H. and Albaladejo, M. (2002). Determinants of Innovation Capability in Small Electronics and Software Firms in Southeast England. Research Policy, 31, 1053–1067.
54. Rothaermel, F.T. and Hess, A.M. (2007). Building Dynamic Capabilities: Innovation Driven by Individual, Firm, And Network-Level Effects. Organization Science, 18(6), 898-921.
55. Rubera, G. and Kirca, A. H. (2012). Firm Innovativeness and Its Performance Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review and Theoretical Integration. Journal of Marketing, 76, 130–147.
56. Saunila, M. (2017). Innovation Capability in Achieving Higher Performance: Perspectives of Management and Employees. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 29(8), 903-916.
57. Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as A Field of Research. Academy of Management Review, 25, 217-226.
58. Shou, Y., Shao, J. and Chen, A. (2017). Relational Resources and Performance of Chinese Third-Party Logistics Providers: The Mediating Role of Innovation Capability. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 47(9), 864-883, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-09-2016-0271.
59. Slater, S. F., Hult, G. T. M. and Olson, E. M. (2010). Factors Influencing the Relative Importance of Marketing Strategy Creativity and Marketing Strategy Implementation Effectiveness. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(4), 551-559.
60. Stock, G. N., Greis, N. P. and Kasarda, J. D. (1998). Logistics, Strategy and Structure: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 18(1), 37-52.
61. Tatlı, H. S. (2022). Dinamik Yeteneklerin İnşasında Örgüt İçi Güç İlişkilerinin Rolü. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi. İstanbul.
62. Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319-1350.
63. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., and Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.
64. Teece, D. J (2018). Dynamic Capabilities as (Workable) Management Systems Theory. Journal of Management & Organization, 24(3), 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.75
65. Thrassou, A., Vrontis, D. and Bresciani, S. (2018). The Agile Innovation Pendulum: Family Business Innovation and The Human, Social, and Marketing Capitals. International Studies of Management & Organization, 48(1), 88-104.
66. Torres, R., Sidorova, A. and Jones, M. C. (2018). Enabling Firm Performance Through Business Intelligence and Analytics: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective. Information & Management, 55(7), 822-839.
67. Tsou, H. T. and Chen, J. S. (2020). Dynamic Capabilities, Human Capital and Service Innovation: The Case of Taiwan ICT Industry. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 28(2), 181-203.
68. Uysal, İ. and Kılıç, F. (2022). Normal Dağılım İkilemi. Anadolu Journal of Education Sciences International, 12(1), 2020-248.
69. van Lieshout, J. W., van der Velden, J. M., Blomme, R. J. and Peters, P. (2021). The Interrelatedness of Organizational Ambidexterity, Dynamic Capabilities and Open Innovation: A Conceptual Model Towards a Competitive Advantage. European Journal of Management Studies, 26(2/3), 39-62.
70. Vrontis, D., Basile, G., Andreano, M. S., Mazzitelli, A. and Papasolomou, I. (2020). The Profile of Innovation Driven Italian SMEs and the Relationship Between the Firms’ Networking Abilities and Dynamic Capabilities. Journal of Business Research, 114, 313-324.
71. Wang, C. L. and Ahmed, P. K. (2007). Dynamic capabilities: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(1), 31-51.
72. Wang, C. Y. P., Jaw, B. S. and Tsai, C. H. C. (2012). Building Dynamic Strategic Capabilities: A Human Capital Perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(6), 1129-1157.
73. Wright, P.M., Dunford, B.B. and Snell, S.A. (2001). Human Resources and the Resource-Based View of the Firm. Journal of Management, 27(6), 701 – 722.
74. Wright, P.M., Coff, R. and Moliterno, T.P. (2014). Strategic Human Capital: Crossing The Great Divide. Journal of Management, 40(2), 353-370.
75. Yang, C.C. (2016). Leveraging Logistics Learning Capability to Enable Logistics Service Capabilities and Performance for International Distribution Center Operators in Taiwan. International Journal of Logistics Management, 27(2), 284-308, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-09-2014-0157.
76. Yeşil, S. and Doğan, I. F. (2019). Exploring The Relationship Between Social Capital, Innovation Capability and Innovation. Innovation, 21(4), 506-532.
77. Thompson, M. (2018). Social Capital, Innovation and Economic Growth. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 73(2018), 46–52.
78. Youndt, M. A., Snell, S. A., Dean Jr, J. W. and Lepak, D. P. (1996). Human Resource Management, Manufacturing Strategy, And Firm Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 836-866.
79. Youndt, M. A., Subramaniam, M. and Snell, S. A. (2004). Intellectual Capital Profiles: An Examination of Investments and Returns. Journal of Management Studies, 41(2), 335-361.
80. Zheng, Y., Liu, J. and George, G. (2010). The Dynamic Impact of Innovative Capability and Inter-Firm Network on Firm Valuation: A Longitudinal Study of Biotechnology Start-Ups. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(6), 593-609.
81. Zhong, X., Song, T. and Chen, W. (2022). Persistent Innovation Underperformance and Firms' R&D Internationalization: The Moderating Effects of Multidimensional TMT Human Capital. Industrial Marketing Management, 102, 576-587.