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SANAYİLEŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE DIŞA AÇIKLIĞIN ENFLASYON ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: GENELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ MOMENTLER METODU

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 51 , 26 - 42 , 20.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1549136
https://izlik.org/JA97LB32HG

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, dışa açıklığın enflasyon üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla, 2012-2021 yılları ele alınarak 24 sanayileşmiş ülke ve 26 gelişmekte olan ülke incelenmiştir. Çalışmada genelleştirilmiş momentler metodu (GMM) kullanılmıştır. Modeller, Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond iki aşamalı sistem GMM tahmincisi ile test edilmiştir. Enflasyon, bu çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan açıklayıcı değişkenler dışa açıklık, enflasyonun gecikmeli değeri, gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla, büyüme oranı ve para arzıdır. Enflasyonun gecikmeli değerleri cari döneme ait enflasyon oranını etkilemektedir. Bu durum, bahsedilen ilişkinin dinamik bir yapıya sahip olmasına sebep olmaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre sanayileşmiş ülkeler örnekleminde dışa açıklığın enflasyon üzerindeki etkisi negatifken gelişmekte olan ülkeler örnekleminde dışa açıklığın enflasyon üzerindeki etkisi pozitiftir. Bu sonuç, dışa açıklığın enflasyona etkisinde ülkelerin sanayileşme düzeyinin önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Afari, F. O., Son, J. C. ve Haligah, H. Y. (2021). Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Openness and Infation: A Case Study of Sub‑Saharan Africa. SN Business & Economics, 1, 1-72.
  • Anderson, T. W. ve Hasiao, C. (1981). Estimation of Dynamic Models with Error Components. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76, 598-606.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). Some Ests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-components Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 29-51.
  • Ashra, S. (2002). Inflation and Openness: A Case Study of Selected Developing Economies. Indian Council of Research on International Economic Relations, Working Paper, No: 84.
  • Atabay, R. (2016). The Relationship between Trade Openness and Inflation in Turkey. Research in Business & Social Science, 5(3), 137-145.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis Of Panel Data. Chichester: John Wiley And Sons.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S.R. (1998). Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1): 115-143.
  • Bowdler, C. ve Malik, A. (2017). Openness and Inflation Volatility: Panel Data Evidence. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 41, 57-69.
  • Ceyhan, T., Gülcan, N. ve Gürsoy, S. (2023). Analysis of the Relationship Between Trade Openness and Inflation: Evidence from MIKTA Countries. İktisadi, İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(21), 327-338.
  • Chhabra, M. ve Alam, Q. (2020). An Empirical Study of Trade Openness and Inflation in India. Decision, 47(1), 79-90.
  • Cottarelli, C., Griffiths, M. ve Moghadam, R. (1998). The Nonmonetary Determinants of Inflation: A Panel Data Study. International Monetary Fund.
  • Darkwah, F., Sakyi, D. ve Opoku, E. E. O. (2023). Trade Openness And İnflation Dynamics In ECOWAS Countries: An Empirical Investigation. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 1-23.
  • Elhassan, T. G. E. (2020). The Asymmetric Impact of Trade Openness on Inflation in Sudan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(12), 1396-1409.
  • Embergenov, B., Allayarov, P., A’zam, K., Juraeva, U., Sharipova, S., Kudiyarov, K. ve Tleubergenov, R. (2022). Analyzing The Impact of Trade Openness on Inflation: A Time Series Study for Uzbekistan. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Future Networks & Distributed Systems, 381-386.
  • Güneş, Ş. ve Konur, F. (2013). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Dışa Açıklık ve Enflasyon İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(2), 7-20.
  • Gür, B. (2021). Ticari Dışa Açıklık ve Enflasyon İlişkisi: BRICS-T Ülkeleri İçin Romer Hipotezinin Sınanması. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 6(1), 35-45.
  • Hammermann, F. (2007). Nonmonetary Determinants of Inflation in Romania: A Decomposition. Kiel Working Paper, No. 1322.
  • Hansen, B. E. ve West, K. D. (2002). Generalized Method of Moments and Macroeconomics. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(4), 460-469.
  • Hasiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jin, C. J. (2004). Can Openness be an Engine of Sustained High Growth Rates and Inflation? Evidence from Japan and Korea. International Review of Economics and Finance, 15, 228–240.
  • Johar, H., Iqbal, N. ve Asif, A. (2020). Openness and Inflation Volatility: A Case Study SAARC Country. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 6(4), 1051-1058.
  • Kaukab, M. E. Ve Anggara, A. A. (2024). Does Trade Openness and Inflation Rate Have Dynamic Interconnected Patterns? An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model Co-integration Approach. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management (JEFM), 3(1), 181–193.
  • Lane, P. R. (1997). Inflation in Open Economies. Journal of International Economics, 42(2), 327-347.
  • Mercan, M. ve Göçer, İ. (2014). Ticari Dışa Açıklığın Ekonomik Etkileri: Orta Asya Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Uluslararası Yönetim, İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(22), 27-44.
  • Munir, S., Hasan, H. ve Muhammad, M. (2015). The Effect of Trade Openness on Inflation: Panel Data Estimates from Selected Asian Economies (1976-2010). Southeast Asian Journal of Economics, 3(2), 23-42.
  • Nasrat, M. N. (2020). The Impact of Trade Openness on Inflation: Evidence from Six South Asian Countries from 1980 to 2016. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 7(4), 165-178.
  • Özcan, B. (2014). Gelişmekte Olan Ekonomilerde Enflasyonun Belirleyenleri: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi. C. Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 33-53.
  • Özçağ, M. ve Bölükbaş, M. (2018). Ticari Dışa Açıklık ve Enflasyon İlişkisi: Romer Hipotezi Çerçevesinde Türkiye İçin Bir Analiz. Maliye Dergisi, 174, 112-130.
  • Özyıldız, T., Utlu Koçdemir, S. ve Çütcü, İ. (2018). Ticari Dışa Açıklığın Enflasyon ve Büyüme ile İlişkisi: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Panel Veri Analizi Uygulaması. Uluslararası Yönetim, İktisat ve İşlerme Dergisi, 14(2), 335-356.
  • Romer, D. (1993). Openness and Inflation: Theory and Evidence. Oxford University Press, 108(4), 869-903.
  • Roodman, D. (2009). How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata. The Stata Journal, 9(1), 86-136.
  • Sachsida, A., Carneiro, F. G. ve Loureiro, P. R. A. (2003). Does greater trade openness reduce inflation? Further evidence using panel data techniques. Economics Letters, 81(2003), 315-319.
  • Sakanko, M. A. ve Joseph, D. (2019). The Openness and Inflation: Empirical Explanation of the Nexus in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Seciences and Economic Review, 1(2), 35-45.
  • Samimi, A. J., Ghaderi, S., Hosseinzadeh R. ve Nademi, Y. (2012). Openness and inflation: New empirical panel data evidence. Economics Letters, 117(2012), 573-577.
  • Sulehri, F. A. ve Khan, J. (2020). The Effect of Trade Openness on Inflation in Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 9(3), 135-140.
  • Syed, S. A. S. (2012). Does Greater Economic Opennes Grasp The Elements of Inflation ‘Surprise’? New Evidence Using Panel Data Techniques. International Economics, 130(2012), 33-58.
  • Terra, C. T. (1998). Openness and Inflation: A New Assessment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2), 641- 648.
  • Yang, X., Yan, W. ve Hao, X. (2024). Can Trade Openness be Responsible for Rising Domestic Inflation? Insights from Three Decades of Research. Applied Economics, 1-16.
  • Zakaria, M. (2010). Opennes and Inflation: Evidence from Time Series Data. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 313-322.

THE EFFECT OF OPENNESS ON INFLATION IN INDUSTRIALIZED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: GENERALIZED METHOD OF MOMENTS

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 51 , 26 - 42 , 20.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1549136
https://izlik.org/JA97LB32HG

Öz

The study aims to examine the effect of trade openness on inflation. For this purpose, it analyses 24 industrialised countries and 26 developing countries over the period 2012–2021. The analysis uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and tests the models with the Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond two-step system GMM estimator. Inflation serves as the dependent variable. The explanatory variables consist of trade openness, the lagged value of inflation, gross domestic product, the growth rate, and money supply. Lagged values of inflation affect the current inflation rate, which causes the relationship to have a dynamic structure. According to the results, trade openness has a negative effect on inflation in the sample of industrialised countries, whereas it has a positive effect on inflation in the sample of developing countries. This result shows that the level of industrialisation plays an important role in the effect of openness on inflation.

Kaynakça

  • Afari, F. O., Son, J. C. ve Haligah, H. Y. (2021). Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Openness and Infation: A Case Study of Sub‑Saharan Africa. SN Business & Economics, 1, 1-72.
  • Anderson, T. W. ve Hasiao, C. (1981). Estimation of Dynamic Models with Error Components. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76, 598-606.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). Some Ests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-components Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68, 29-51.
  • Ashra, S. (2002). Inflation and Openness: A Case Study of Selected Developing Economies. Indian Council of Research on International Economic Relations, Working Paper, No: 84.
  • Atabay, R. (2016). The Relationship between Trade Openness and Inflation in Turkey. Research in Business & Social Science, 5(3), 137-145.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis Of Panel Data. Chichester: John Wiley And Sons.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S.R. (1998). Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1): 115-143.
  • Bowdler, C. ve Malik, A. (2017). Openness and Inflation Volatility: Panel Data Evidence. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 41, 57-69.
  • Ceyhan, T., Gülcan, N. ve Gürsoy, S. (2023). Analysis of the Relationship Between Trade Openness and Inflation: Evidence from MIKTA Countries. İktisadi, İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(21), 327-338.
  • Chhabra, M. ve Alam, Q. (2020). An Empirical Study of Trade Openness and Inflation in India. Decision, 47(1), 79-90.
  • Cottarelli, C., Griffiths, M. ve Moghadam, R. (1998). The Nonmonetary Determinants of Inflation: A Panel Data Study. International Monetary Fund.
  • Darkwah, F., Sakyi, D. ve Opoku, E. E. O. (2023). Trade Openness And İnflation Dynamics In ECOWAS Countries: An Empirical Investigation. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 1-23.
  • Elhassan, T. G. E. (2020). The Asymmetric Impact of Trade Openness on Inflation in Sudan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(12), 1396-1409.
  • Embergenov, B., Allayarov, P., A’zam, K., Juraeva, U., Sharipova, S., Kudiyarov, K. ve Tleubergenov, R. (2022). Analyzing The Impact of Trade Openness on Inflation: A Time Series Study for Uzbekistan. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Future Networks & Distributed Systems, 381-386.
  • Güneş, Ş. ve Konur, F. (2013). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Dışa Açıklık ve Enflasyon İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(2), 7-20.
  • Gür, B. (2021). Ticari Dışa Açıklık ve Enflasyon İlişkisi: BRICS-T Ülkeleri İçin Romer Hipotezinin Sınanması. International Journal of Applied Economic and Finance Studies, 6(1), 35-45.
  • Hammermann, F. (2007). Nonmonetary Determinants of Inflation in Romania: A Decomposition. Kiel Working Paper, No. 1322.
  • Hansen, B. E. ve West, K. D. (2002). Generalized Method of Moments and Macroeconomics. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(4), 460-469.
  • Hasiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jin, C. J. (2004). Can Openness be an Engine of Sustained High Growth Rates and Inflation? Evidence from Japan and Korea. International Review of Economics and Finance, 15, 228–240.
  • Johar, H., Iqbal, N. ve Asif, A. (2020). Openness and Inflation Volatility: A Case Study SAARC Country. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 6(4), 1051-1058.
  • Kaukab, M. E. Ve Anggara, A. A. (2024). Does Trade Openness and Inflation Rate Have Dynamic Interconnected Patterns? An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model Co-integration Approach. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management (JEFM), 3(1), 181–193.
  • Lane, P. R. (1997). Inflation in Open Economies. Journal of International Economics, 42(2), 327-347.
  • Mercan, M. ve Göçer, İ. (2014). Ticari Dışa Açıklığın Ekonomik Etkileri: Orta Asya Ülkeleri İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz. Uluslararası Yönetim, İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(22), 27-44.
  • Munir, S., Hasan, H. ve Muhammad, M. (2015). The Effect of Trade Openness on Inflation: Panel Data Estimates from Selected Asian Economies (1976-2010). Southeast Asian Journal of Economics, 3(2), 23-42.
  • Nasrat, M. N. (2020). The Impact of Trade Openness on Inflation: Evidence from Six South Asian Countries from 1980 to 2016. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 7(4), 165-178.
  • Özcan, B. (2014). Gelişmekte Olan Ekonomilerde Enflasyonun Belirleyenleri: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi. C. Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 33-53.
  • Özçağ, M. ve Bölükbaş, M. (2018). Ticari Dışa Açıklık ve Enflasyon İlişkisi: Romer Hipotezi Çerçevesinde Türkiye İçin Bir Analiz. Maliye Dergisi, 174, 112-130.
  • Özyıldız, T., Utlu Koçdemir, S. ve Çütcü, İ. (2018). Ticari Dışa Açıklığın Enflasyon ve Büyüme ile İlişkisi: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Panel Veri Analizi Uygulaması. Uluslararası Yönetim, İktisat ve İşlerme Dergisi, 14(2), 335-356.
  • Romer, D. (1993). Openness and Inflation: Theory and Evidence. Oxford University Press, 108(4), 869-903.
  • Roodman, D. (2009). How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata. The Stata Journal, 9(1), 86-136.
  • Sachsida, A., Carneiro, F. G. ve Loureiro, P. R. A. (2003). Does greater trade openness reduce inflation? Further evidence using panel data techniques. Economics Letters, 81(2003), 315-319.
  • Sakanko, M. A. ve Joseph, D. (2019). The Openness and Inflation: Empirical Explanation of the Nexus in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Seciences and Economic Review, 1(2), 35-45.
  • Samimi, A. J., Ghaderi, S., Hosseinzadeh R. ve Nademi, Y. (2012). Openness and inflation: New empirical panel data evidence. Economics Letters, 117(2012), 573-577.
  • Sulehri, F. A. ve Khan, J. (2020). The Effect of Trade Openness on Inflation in Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 9(3), 135-140.
  • Syed, S. A. S. (2012). Does Greater Economic Opennes Grasp The Elements of Inflation ‘Surprise’? New Evidence Using Panel Data Techniques. International Economics, 130(2012), 33-58.
  • Terra, C. T. (1998). Openness and Inflation: A New Assessment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2), 641- 648.
  • Yang, X., Yan, W. ve Hao, X. (2024). Can Trade Openness be Responsible for Rising Domestic Inflation? Insights from Three Decades of Research. Applied Economics, 1-16.
  • Zakaria, M. (2010). Opennes and Inflation: Evidence from Time Series Data. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 313-322.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Makro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Şule Yüksel Çakırca 0000-0002-6439-8471

Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Nisan 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1549136
IZ https://izlik.org/JA97LB32HG
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 51

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakırca, Ş. Y. (2026). SANAYİLEŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE DIŞA AÇIKLIĞIN ENFLASYON ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: GENELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ MOMENTLER METODU. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 28(51), 26-42. https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1549136

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