KARİYER STRESİ ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI: GÜVENİRLİK VE GEÇERLİĞİNİN YENİDEN ANALİZİ VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 50, 1287 - 1306, 25.12.2025

Nilüfer Yörük Karakılıç

https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1553203

https://izlik.org/JA34YY62LA

Öz

Kariyer, bireyin hayatı süresince karşılaştığı olaylar, mesleği ve ulaşmak istediği hedeflerin sonucu ortaya çıkan örüntüdür. Ayrıca meslek kapsamında gelişme, ilerleme, durağanlık sürecini içeren, bireyin tüm hayatına şekil veren hedeflerini gerçekleştirmek suretiyle deneyim, beceri ve eğitim ile çalışma yaşamında ulaştığı ya da ulaşmak istediği aşamaları gösteren bir yol haritasıdır. Bireyin üniversite hayatında aldığı eğitim bu yol haritasının ilk sürecidir. Asıl yol burada ortaya çıkmakta ve kariyer basamakları da bu noktada belirmeye başlamaktadır. Kariyer zahmetli ve gelişimsel olarak zor bir süreci ifade etmektedir ve her bireyde birtakım stres unsurlarını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Üniversite öğrencileri öğrenim süreçlerinde finansal endişeler, sosyalleşme sorunları, akademik ve kariyer hedeflerine yönelik pek çok stres unsuruyla karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Bu kapsamda araştırmanın amacı, kariyer stresini ölçmek için Choi vd. (2011) tarafından geliştirilen kariyer stresi ölçeğinin yeniden Türkçeye uyarlamasını yapmak, güvenirlik ve geçerliğini analiz ederek değerlendirmesini gerçekleştirmektir. Bu amaçla Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 734 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilen anketler SPSS ile güvenirlik ve geçerliği yapılarak, AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modeli oluşturularak analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeğin kariyer belirsizliği, bilgi eksikliği, iş bulma baskısı ve dışsal çatışma olarak dört boyutu da iyi uyum değerlerinde olmakla geçerlik analizinden geçmiş ve dört faktörlü yapı doğrulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kariyer , Kariyer Stresi , Kariyer Stresi Ölçeği , Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli

ADAPTATION OF THE CAREER STRESS SCALE TO TURKISH: A REANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ITS RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY

https://izlik.org/JA34YY62LA

Öz

A career is defined as a pattern shaped by an individual’s life experiences, professional endeavours, and goals. It serves as a roadmap that illustrates the stages one has reached or aims to reach throughout their professional life. This roadmap develops through the accumulation of experience, the refinement of skills, and educational opportunities that influence the course of one’s entire life. A career encompasses periods of development, progress, and potential stagnation within a profession. University education represents the initial stage of this roadmap, where the actual career path begins to emerge and career steps start to take shape. A career is also a demanding and developmentally challenging process that introduces various stressors. University students, in particular, face numerous sources of stress, including financial concerns, difficulties with socialization, and academic and career-related expectations. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to adapt the Career Stress Scale developed by Choi et al. (2011) into Turkish and to analyse and evaluate its reliability and validity. Data collected from 734 students at Afyon Kocatepe University were analysed using SPSS to assess reliability and validity, and a structural equation model was created using AMOS. The four dimensions of the scale, namely career ambiguity, lack of information, employment pressure, and external conflict, demonstrated acceptable fit indices. These findings confirmed the four-factor structure and supported the validity of the scale.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Career , Career Stress , Career Stress Scale , Structural Equation Model

Kaynakça

• Akturan, A., Arslan, A., Yener, S. ve Kılınç, S. (2025). Understanding Career Adapt Abilities, Career Stress, Work Stress, Career Regret, Job Satisfaction Among Nursing Professionals. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 81(7), 3798-3810. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16516
• Aşık, G. ve Akgül, H. (2022). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Stresleri, Kariyer Kararında Ailenin Etkisi ve Kariyer Kararı Verme Yetkinlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 192-212.
• Bozyiğit, E. ve Gökbaraz, N. (2020). Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Kariyer Stresinin Belirleyicileri. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 8(15), 181-200.
• Bullock‐Yowell, E., Peterson, G. W., Reardon, R. C., Leierer, S. J., ve Reed, C. A. (2011). Relationships Among Career and Life Stress, Negative Career Thoughts, and Career Decision State: A Cognitive İnformation Processing Perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 59(4), 302-314. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161- 0045.2011.tb00071.x
• Chen, D. R., Lin, Y. Y., ve Chung, K. P. (2008). Career Stress and Female Managers' Health in Taiwan's Hospitals: A Multilevel Model Approach. Health Care Management Review, 33(1), 40-50. DOI: 10.1097/01.HMR.0000304488.57404.64
• Cherniss, C., Egnatios, E. S. ve Wacker, S. (1976). Job Stress and Career Development in New Public Professionals. Professional Psychology, 7(4), 428.
• Choi, B. Y., Park, H. R., Nam, S. K., Lee, J., …, ve Lee, S. M. (2011). The Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Korean Career Stress Inventory for College Students. Career Development Quarterly, 59, 559-572. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2011.tb00976.x
• Creed, P. A., Hood, M. ve Hu, S. (2017). Personal Orientation as an Antecedent to Career Stress and Employability Confidence: The Intervening Roles of Career Goal-Performance Discrepancy and Career Goal Importance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 99, 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.12.007
• Çetinkaya, T. (2019). The Analysis of Academic Motivation and Career Stress Relationships of the Students in Department of Physical Education and Sport. International Education Studies, 12(4), 24-35.
• Demirtaş, A. S. (2019). Sürekli Umut ve Kariyer Stresi Arasında Bilişsel Esnekliğin Paralel Çoklu Aracılığı, 21. Uluslararası Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, Antalya.
• Demirtaş, A. S. ve Kara, A. (2022). Career Adaptability and Unemployment Anxiety in Turkish Senior Undergraduate Students: The Mediating Role of Career Stress. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 12(64), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1095894
• Dinç, A., Altunhan, A. ve Tazegül, Ü. (2024). Relationship Between Digital Stress and Career Stress Levels of Sports Science Students. Revista de Psicología del Deporte (Journal of Sport Psychology), 33(3), 314-322.
• Duru, H. ve Gültekin, F. (2020). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Kariyer Stresleri, Kariyer Uyum Yetenekleri ve Mentörlük Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(1), 328-337.
• Emirel, M. ve Bozkurt, Ö. (2022). Kariyer Stresi ile Belirsizlikten Kaçınma Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Sigortacılık ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bölümü Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 13(1), 1-16.
• Esen, D. (2019). Kariyer Stresi ile Özyeterlilik İnancı İlişkisinin Demografik Değişkenlerin Farklılaştırıcı Rolü Bağlamında İncelenmesi: İzmir Meslekyüksek Okulu İktisadi ve İdari Programlar Örneği. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(2), 217-232.
• Esen, M. ve İpçi, T. (2022). Examining the Impact of Career Coaching Practices on Career Decision Self- Efficacy and Career Stress Levels of University Students: The Case of Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University. International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences, 12(2), 608- 625.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7512874
• Foruhar, A., Eslami, M. ve Sadeghi, M. (2015). Effect of Learning the Emotional Intelligence Parameters on Increasing the Self-Efficiency and Decreasing the Career Stress. Internal Medicine Today, 20(4), 257-261.
• Günay, A. ve Çelik, R. (2019). Kariyer Stresinin Psikolojik İyi Oluş ve İyimserlik Değişkenleriyle Yordanması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (33), 205-218.
• Hoffman, A. J. ve Scott, L. D. (2003). Role Stress and Career Satisfaction Among Registered Nurses by Work Shift Patterns. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(6), 337-342.
• Hu, M., Liu, X. ve Yu, X. (2024). Protean Career Attitude and Career Decidedness Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Career Planning and The Joint Moderating Roles of Career Stress and İmpostor Phenomenon. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1-23.
• Hu, S., Hood, M. ve Creed, P. A. (2018). Career Goal İmportance as a Moderator in the Relationship Between Career Feedback and Career-Related Stress. Journal of Career Development, 45(1), 3-18.
• İlhan, M. ve Çetin, B. (2014). LISREL ve AMOS Programları Kullanılarak Gerçekleştirilen Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (Yem) Analizlerine İlişkin Sonuçların Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 5(2), 26-42.
• Jeong, H. S. (2016). Factors İnfluencing Depression in Chinese Students Studying in Korea: Focused on Acculturative Stress, Academic Stress and Career Stress. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 16(7), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.07.063
• Joo, H. S. ve Jyung, C. Y. (2012). A Structural Equation Modeling on Career Decision Status, Career Stress, and Problem Solving Ability of Vocational High School Students. Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development, 44(3).
• Jung, Y. M. (2020). Nursing Students’ Career Identity, Satisfaction With Major, and Career Stress by Career Decision Type. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 17(1), e12281. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12281
• Kang, M., Lee, J. ve Lee, A. R. (2020). The Effects of College Students’ Perfectionism on Career Stress and İndecision: Self-Esteem and Coping Styles as Moderating Variables. Asia Pacific Education Review, 21, 227- 243.
• Kara, A. (2023). Investigation of Protective Factors Against Career Stress of Senior University Students Using Mixed Pattern Method. Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health (JESEH), 9(2), 162-177. https://doi.org/ 10.55549/jeseh.1279774
• Lee, A. R. ve Lee, H. K. (2020). The Effects of Acculturative Stress, Career Stress, and Social Support on Depression in Korean İnternational Students in China. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 96-106.
• Levo, L. M. ve Biggs, D. (1989). Cognitive Factors in Effectively Coping with Home/Career Stress. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 3(1).
• London, M. ve Mone, E. M. (1987). Career Management and Survival in the Workplace: Helping Employees Make Tough Career Decisions, Stay Motivated, and Reduce Career Stress. Jossey-Bass.
• Meydan, C.H. ve H. Şeşen. (2015), Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları, Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
• Özdamar, K.(2015), Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi, Nisan Kitabevi, Eskişehir, s.57.
• Özden, K. ve Sertel-Berk, Ö. (2017). Kariyer Stresi Ölçeği’nin (KSÖ) Türkçeye Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 37(1), 35-51.
• Öztürk, Ş. B. ve Doğanülkü, H. A. (2023). The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support in the Relationship Between University Students' Perfectionism and Career Stress. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 52(2), 556-580. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.1195619
• Park, H. (2025). The Relationship Between Career Stress and Non-Suicidal Self-İnjury Among College Students: Mediating Effects of Depression and Resilience. Acta Psychologica, 257, 105078.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105078
• Park, H. M. ve Lee, H. S. (2015). The Effects of Career Education Program on Career Self-Efficacy, Career Adaptability and Career Stress for Nursing Students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 15(8), 304-312. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.08.304
• Park, H., Choi, B. Y., Nam, S. K. ve Lee, S. M. (2011). The Role of Career Stress in the Relationship Between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Career Attitude Maturity in South Korean Undergraduates. Journal of Employment Counseling, 48(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2011.tb00108.x
• Park, Y. L. ve Lee, H. J. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Grit in the Relationship Between Calling and Academic Achievement and Career Stress. International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology, 8(1), 98-106.
• Polat, F. B. (2022). Kariyer Stresinin ve Kariyer Kararlılığının Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2), 62-80.
• Ross, G. F. (1997). Career Stress Responses Among Hospitality Employees. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(96)00032-1
• Schein, E. H. (1990). Career Stress in Changing Times: Some Final Observations. Prevention in Human Services, 8(1), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1300/J293v08n01_16
• Tarsuslu S. ve Altan, F. (2019). "Determination of Career Stress Levels of University Students," FifthInternational Mediterranean Congress on Natural Sciences, Health Sciences and Engineering (MENSECV) , vol.4, no.3, Budapest, Hungary, pp.259-266.
• Yang, P. (2017). Development of a Career Stress Scale for Hospital Nurses: Implications for Workplace Counseling. Journal of Employment Counseling, 54(4), 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1002/joec.12064
• Yang, P. ve Yang, C. C. (2019). Importance of Personality and Career Stress for Flight Attendants’ Career Satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality: an İnternational Journal, 47(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7480
• Yaşar, O. M. ve Turgut, M. (2019). Sport Science College Students and Career Stress. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 14(4), 580-589.
• Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Faktör Analizi ve Geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizlerinin Kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46, 74-85.
• You, S. ve Yoo, J. (2021). Relations Among Socially Prescribed Perfectionism, Career Stress, Mental Health, and Mindfulness in Korean College Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 12248. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212248
• Yu, E. Y. ve Yang, Y. J. (2013). A Study on the Difference Among College Students' Department Satisfaction and Career Maturity and the İnfluence on Career Stress. Journal of Digital Convergence, 11(12), 557-568. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2013.11.12.557
• Zhang, Z., Yu, X. ve Liu, X. (2022). Do I Decide My Career? Linking Career Stress, Career Exploration, and Future Work Self to Career Planning or İndecision. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 997984.