Paul Brass and Criticism on the Conception of Ethnic Nationalism

Öz

Paul Brass defines nationalism as a product of modernism and does not see it as inevitable and compulsory. In other words, it does not advocate that all the communities are nations or they’ll be achieve it in the future. As so, Brass tries to answer a question which roots from there: why and how did the nations come out? In order to answer this question, he focuses his observations into historical experiences of countries in different continents such as Europe, Africa and America, while he gives detailed information especially on Asia. Brass claims that the nationalization process is managed by elites. The elites transform their societies and groups of people around their own interests while at the same time transforming these groups into ethnic communities and then nations. However, it does not say that the societies that once turned into a nation will no longer turn into a community. In this study, the sub-headings of this distinction (being a nation and an ethnic group) will be evaluated and crticized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nation,Paul Brass,Politicalization,Ethnicity,Ethnic Identitiy

Paul Brass ve Seçkinci Etnik Milliyetçilik Anlayışına Eleştiriler

Öz

Paul Brass milliyetçiliği modernizmin bir ürünü olarak görmekle birlikte onu kaçınılmaz ve mecburi görmemektedir. Başka bir ifadeyle her topluluğun millet olduğu veya ilerde millet olacağı sonucunu savunmaz. Bundan olarak, öyleyse, ortaya çıkan bir soruyu çalışmalarında cevaplamaya çalıştığı görülür: milletler neden ve nasıl ortaya çıkmıştır? Bu sorunun cevaplanabilmesi için gözlemlerini Avrupa, Afrika ve Amerika gibi farklı kıtadaki ülkelerin tarihi tecrübelerine çevirirken özellikle Güney Asya üzerinde detaylı bilgiler aktarır. Gözlemlerini, millet olma sürecinin bir insan topluluğunun kültürel farklılıklarla kendi etnik özbilincine varmasının ardından siyasal talepler çerçevesinde şekillenmesine bağlayarak tamamlar. Brass’a göre bu sürecin tamamı toplumda hâkim olan seçkinler (elitler) tarafından yönetilmektedir. Seçkinler, toplumları ve insan gruplarını kendi çıkarları etrafında şekillendirirken aynı zamanda bu grupları da önce etnik topluluklara, sonra milletlere dönüştürürler. Ancak Brass bir kez millete dönüşen toplumların artık tekrar etnik topluluğa dönüşmeyeceğini de söylemez, tarih boyunca farklı milletler farklı zamanlarda ileri ve geri hareket eder gibi etnik grup-millet olma süreçlerinden geçmiştir. Çalışma boyunca bu etnik grup olma - millet olma ayrımından hareket edilecek ve bu ayrımın alt başlıkları değerlendirilecektir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Millet,Paul Brass,Siyasallaşma,Etnik,Etnik Kimlik

Kaynakça

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