THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL ANTIOXIDANT COMPONENTS ON MATERNAL AND FETAL HEALTH

Öz

Adequate and balanced nutrition during pregnancy directly affects maternal and fetal health. In this period, it is important to take the required amount of macro and micronutrients because inadequacies of macro and micronutrients during pregnancy are associated with many different pathological conditions. One of the most important systems that contain micronutrients which have many different functions in metabolism is the antioxidant system called the defense system. Fetal and maternal antioxidant status affects the nutrient antioxidant components’ ability to work fully and effectively. The antioxidant system that provides maternal and fetal defense against free radicals requires enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to function fully and effectively. Although many different components are effective in the antioxidant system, vitamins A, C, E and zinc, copper, selenium are the most studied nutritional antioxidant components. Although these antioxidant components perform their effects through different mechanisms, they generally show antioxidant effects by acting as a cofactor effect on antioxidant enzymes or by preserving the presence of antioxidant components directly in the body. Maternal nutrition is very important for maintaining the health of both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. In order to maintain fetal and neonatal health, to ensure intrauterine development, and to operate the fetal-neonatal antioxidant system actively, the nutrient components showing the antioxidant effect and required during pregnancy should be taken adequately. If the antioxidant system does not work properly, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other harmful compounds in the body can cause cellular damage. In addition, increased oxidative stress may cause preeclampsia, intrauterine growth deficiency (IUGR), diabetes and other reproductive system pathologies. In this article, it is aimed to share current information on the effects of nutritional antioxidant sources on maternal and fetal health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioxidant,
• Maternal
• Fetal
• Vitamin
• Mineral

BESİNSEL ANTİOKSİDAN BİLEŞENLERİNİN MATERNAL VE FETAL SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Gebelik döneminde yeterli ve dengeli beslenme maternal ve fetal sağlığı doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu dönemde makro ve mikro besin ögelerinden gereksinim duyulan miktarda almak önemlidir. Çünkü gebelik döneminde makro ve mikro besin ögeleri yetersizlikleri birçok farklı patolojik durum ile ilişkilidir. Metabolizmada birçok farklı işlevi bulunan mikro besin ögelerinin yer aldığı en önemli sistemlerden birisi savunma sistemi olarak adlandırılan antioksidan sistemdir. Antioksidan sistemin tam ve etkili çalışabilmesi için gerekli besinsel antioksidan bileşenlerinin beslenme programında yeterli miktarda yer alması fetal ve maternal antioksidan durumu etkilemektedir. Serbest radikallere karşı maternal ve fetal savunmayı sağlayan antioksidan sistemin tam ve etkili çalışabilmesi için enzimatik ve enzimatik olmayan antioksidanlara ihtiyaç vardır. Antioksidan sistemde etkili birçok farklı bileşen yer almasına karşın A, C, E vitaminleri ve çinko, bakır, selenyum üzerinde en çok çalışılan besinsel antioksidan bileşenlerdir. Bu antioksidan bileşenler etkilerini farklı mekanizmalar üzerinden gerçekleştirmekle birlikte genel olarak antioksidan enzimlere kofaktör etki göstererek ya da doğrudan vücutta antioksidan bileşenlerin varlığını koruyarak etki göstermektedir. Annenin beslenme düzeni gebelik döneminde hem annenin hem de fetüsün sağlığının korunması ve devam ettirilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Fetal ve neonatal sağlığın korunması, intrauterin gelişimin sağlanması, fetal-neonatal antioksidan sistemin aktif çalışabilmesi için gebelik döneminde gereksinim duyulan miktarlarda antioksidan etki gösteren besin bileşenlerinden alınmalıdır. Antioksidan sistemin doğru çalışmaması durumunda vücutta artan reaktif oksijen türleri (ROS) ve diğer zararlı bileşikler hücresel hasara sebep olabilmektedir. Ayrıca artan oksidatif stres preeklampsi, intrauterin büyüme yetersizliği (IUGR), diyabet ve diğer üreme sistemi patolojilerine sebep olabilmektedir. Derleme olarak hazırlanan bu makalede besinsel antioksidan kaynaklarının maternal ve fetal sağlığa etkilerine yönelik güncel bilgilerin paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• antioksidan
• vitamin
• mineral
• maternal
• fetal

Kaynakça

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