VITAMIN D AND COVID-19 INFECTION

Öz

Precautions and treatments continue to be developed to improve the clinical and economic burden of the new coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic disease. The preferred test method in the diagnosis of the disease is Real time PCR, as in severe acute respiratory failure syndrome (SARS). Sequence data obtained with advanced sequences such as next-generation sequencing and metagenomics is very important to understand the origin of the virus and how it spreads. Advanced sequences are important and ongoing for mutation tracking. Laboratory diagnosis of human coronavirus infections is very important to limit and treat the global epidemic of COVID-19 infections, and serological tests should be evaluated together with molecular tests. In COVID-19 patients, the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor in the respiratory tract of infected patients to enter host cells. In the early stage of disease the protective immune response is responsible for eliminating the virus, and therefore strategies to improve immune responses are very important at this stage. As the disease progresses, lung inflammation and fibrosis occur due to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines; namely interleukins. The information gap regarding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 continues to form a barrier to treatment of the disease. Vitamin D is a broad-spectrum secosteroid with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antioxidant roles. Due tho vitamin D has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory roles is assumedthat vitamin D may benefit against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vitamin D supplementation has been suggested to prevent and treat COVID-19, as vitamin D has been proven to reduce the risk of colds, increase cellula rimmunity, modulate adaptive immunity, and increase the expression of genes related to antioxidation. There is not yet sufficient evidence on the relationship between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity and mortality, and randomized controlled trials and large-scale cohort studies are required to test this hypothesis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitamin D
• COVID-19
• Immunomodulatory

VİTAMİN D VE COVİD-19 ENFEKSİYONU

Öz

Yeni koronavirüs COVID-19 pandemik hastalığının klinik ve ekonomik yükünü azaltmak için önlemler alınmaya ve tedaviler geliştirilmeye devam etmektedir. Hastalığın tanısında tercih edilen test yöntemi ağır akut solunum yolu yetersizliği sendromunda (SARS) olduğu gibi eş zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR)’dır. Yeni nesil sekanslama, metagenomiks gibi ileri düzey sekanslamalar ile elde edilen sekans verisi, virüsün kaynağını ve nasıl yayıldığını anlayabilmek için oldukça önemlidir. İleri düzey sekanslamalar mutasyon takibi için önemlidir ve devam etmektedir. Global olarak devam eden COVID-19 enfeksiyonu salgınını, yayılımını sınırlamak ve tedavi etmek için insan koronavirüs enfeksiyonlarının laboratuvar tanısı oldukça önemlidir ve serolojik testler moleküler testlerle beraber değerlendirilmelidir. COVID-19 hastalarında SARS-CoV-2 virüsü konakçı hücrelere girmek için enfekte hastaların solunum yollarında anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 reseptörüne bağlanır. Hastalığın erken evrelerinde koruyucu bağışıklık yanıtı virüsü ortadan kaldırmaktan sorumludur ve dolayısıyla bağışıklık yanıtlarını iyileştirecek stratejiler bu aşamada oldukça önemlidir. Hastalık ilerledikçe, pro-enflamatuar sitokinlerin, yani interlökinlerin salınmasına bağlı olarak akciğer iltihabı ve fibrozisi ortaya çıkar. SARS-CoV-2'ye karşı bağışıklık tepkisi ile ilgili bilgi boşluğu hastalığın tedavisi için bariyer oluşturmaya devam etmektedir. D vitamini immünomodülatör, antienflamatuar, antifibrotik ve antioksidan rollere sahip geniş spektrumlu bir sekosteroiddir. D vitamininin immünomodülatör ve antienflamatuar rollere sahip olması D vitaminin SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonuna karşı fayda sağlayabileceği varsayılmaktadır. D vitamininin soğuk algınlığı riskini azalttığının kanıtlanması, hücresel bağışıklığı arttırmasının anlaşılması, adaptif bağışıklığı modüle etmesi, ve antioksidasyon ile ilgili genlerin ifadesini arttırmasından dolayı COVID-19’u önlemek ve tedavi etmek için D vitamini takviyesi önerilmiştir. D vitamini düzeyleri ile COVID-19 şiddeti ve mortalitesi arasındaki ilişki konusunda yeterli kanıt henüz yoktur ve bu hipotezi test etmek için randomize kontrollü çalışmalar ve büyük ölçekli kohort çalışmaları gereklidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• D Vitamini
• COVID-19
• immünomodülatör

Kaynakça

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