Don Giovanni Operasında Commedia Dell’arte Etkileri

Öz

Çalışma; librettosunu Lorenzo da Ponte’nin yazdığı ve W.A. Mozart’ın bestelediği Don Giovanni operasını ve bu operanın üzerindeki commedia dell’arte etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında İspanyol Altın Çağı yazarı Gabriel Téllez’in (Tirso de Molina) El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra eserinde ortaya çıkan Don Juan figürünün tarihsel süreci İtalyan halk tiyatrosu geleneği commedia dell’arte etkileri bağlamında incelemekte ve Don Juan figürü üzerindeki commedia dell’arte etkilerinin Don Giovanni operasına yansımaları ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi olan kaynak tarama metodu bağlamında yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Don Juan, commedia dell’arte, Don Giovanni kavramları ve bu kavramların birbirleriyle etkileşimlerinin incelendiği Türkçe ve İngilizce metinler taranmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda tarihsel süreç boyunca Don Juan figürünü konu alan kimi yorumlamaların doğrudan; kimilerinin ise dolaylı olarak commedia dell’arte etkileşimleri taşıdıkları tespit edilmiştir. Don Giovanni operası özelinde incelendiğinde, eserde yer alan Leporello karakterinin, commedia dell’arte etkisini doğrudan ortaya koyan komik hizmetçi arketipinin bir yansıması olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte operada yer alan kılık değiştirme, mandolin eşliğinde serenat yapılması ve lazzi benzeri küçük komik repliklerin kullanılması gibi unsurlar da commedia dell’arte’nin doğrudan etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Don Giovanni
• Don Juan
• commedia dell’arte

The Influence of Commedia Dell’arte is Evident in the Opera: Don Giovanni

Öz

The study looks at the opera Don Giovanni, written by Lorenzo da Ponte and composed by W.A. Mozart, and how it was influenced by commedia dell’arte. The study looks at the historical process of the figure of Don Juan, which emerged in the Spanish Golden Age writer Gabriel Tellez’s work El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra. It also looks at how the commedia dell’arte effects of the Italian folk theater tradition and the reflections of the commedia dell’arte effects on the figure of Don Juan on the opera Don Giovanni. The study used a qualitative research method and a literature review. It looked at Turkish and English texts about Don Juan, commedia dell’arte, Don Giovanni, and their interactions. The research found that some interpretations of Don Juan include commedia dell’arte. The opera Don Giovanni shows that the character of Leporello is like a comic servant. This shows that the opera is influenced by commedia dell’arte. The opera also shows that Leporello uses disguise, plays the mandolin and uses small comic lines.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Don Giovanni
• Don Juan
• commedia dell’arte

Kaynakça

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