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“İrticalî İcranın Tatbik Edildiği Caz Toplantısı”: Jam Session’a Tarihsel ve Teorik Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 94 - 109, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2025-1635460

Öz

Bu çalışma, bir performans modeli olarak jam session’ı tarihsel ve teorik boyutlarıyla incelemektedir. Çalışmada jam session, bir ev sahibi grubun konuk müzisyenlerin katılımına izin vererek informel uzlaşımlarla şekillenen, caz kökenli doğaçlama odaklı bir grup müzik pratiği olarak tanımlanır. Ayrıca jam session’larda müzisyenler arası statü farklılıklarının önemli olduğu ve müzisyenlerin “öğrenme”, “itibar”, “tanıtım” gibi ödüllere ulaşabilmek niyetiyle bir tür çekişme içinde yer alabildiği vurgulanır. Bu doğrultuda caza odaklanan tarihsel bölümde jam session’ların cutting session’lara uzanan geçmişi; Kansas City, Missouri, New York gibi gelişim merkezleri ve konser-kayıt ortamlarına taşınma girişimleri üzerinde durulur. Teorik bölümde ise jam session’ın bağlamsal parametreler, habitus, katılımcısunumsal performans, ritüel gibi birçok yaklaşım üzerinden nasıl yorumlanabileceği ele alınır. Bu çalışmanın ilk amacı, caz tarihi anlatılarında yeteri denli vurgulanmayan jam session’ın hususi önemini göstermektir. İkinci amacı ise müzikolojinin daha çok tamamlanmış eserlere yönelme eğiliminden dolayı gözden kaçırdığı doğaçlama pratiklerinde etnografik metodolojinin imkânlarına değinmektir. Son olarak Türkçe literatürde son derece sınırlı bir yere sahip jam session konusuna katkı sunulması hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmanın, jam session’ın dışında doğaçlama içeren veya içermeyen müzik türlerinde müzisyenler arası etkileşimi çözümlemede etkili yaklaşımlar sunabileceği de değerlendirilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Agawu, K. (1997). Analyzing music under the new musicological regime. The Journal of Musicology, 15(3), 297-307. Bailey, D. (2011). Doğaçlama (A. Bucak, Çev.). Pan Yayıncılık. (Özgün eser 1980 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Becker, H. S. (1951). The professional dance musician and his audience. American Journal of Sociology, 57(2), 136-144. google scholar
  • Bennett, A., & Peterson, R. A. (2004). Introducing music scenes. A. Bennett & R. A. Peterson (Ed.), Music scenes: Local, translocal and virtual içinde (s. 1-15). Vanderbilt University Press. google scholar
  • Berendt, J. E. (2010). Caz kitabı: Ragtime’dan fusion ve sonrasına (N. Ozan, Çev.). Ayrıntı Yayınları. (Özgün eser 1953 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Berliner, P. F. (1994). Thinking in jazz: The infinite art of improvisation. The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice (R. Nice, Çev). Stanford University Press. (Özgün eser 1980 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power (G. Raymond & M. Adamson, Çev.). Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Cameron, W. B. (1954). Sociological notes on the jam session. Oxford University Press, 33(2), 177-182. google scholar
  • Carr, I., Fairweather, D., & Priestley, B. (1987). Jazz: The essential companion. Paladin Grafton Books. Caz (1956). Akis, 6(103), 28-29. google scholar
  • Chazelle, D. (Yönetmen). (2014). Whiplash [Film]. Bold Films; Blumhouse Productions; Right of Way Films. google scholar
  • Cohen, S. (1999). Scenes. B. Horner & T. Swiss (Ed.), Key terms in popular music and culture içinde (s. 239-250). Blackwell Publishing. google scholar
  • Cook, N. (2008). We are all (ethno)musicologists now. H. Stobart (Ed.), The new (ethno)musicologies içinde (s. 48-70). The Scarecrow Press. google scholar
  • Dempsey, N. P. (2008). Hook^ups and train wrecks: Contextual parameters and the coordination of jazz interactions. Symbolic Interaction, 31(1), 55-75. google scholar
  • DeVeaux, S. (1997). The birth of bebop: A social and musical history. University of California Press. google scholar
  • Erenberg, L. A. (1989). Things to come: Swing bands, bebop, and the rise of a postwar jazz scene. L. May (Ed.), Recasting America: Culture and politics in the age of cold war içinde (s. 221-245). The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Erol, A. (2015). Müzik üzerine düşünmek. Bağlam Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Erol, A. (2018). İslam, Alevilik ve müzik. Bağlam Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Erol, A. (2024). Bellek, tarih ve müzik: Finlandiya Tatarları. Bağlam Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Feige, D. M. (2016). Caz felsefesi (N. Aça, Çev.). Dost Kitabevi. (Özgün eser 2014 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Fordham, J. (1998). Caz (S. Davran, Çev.). Akbank Kültür ve Sanat Yayınları. (Özgün eser 1993 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Fremon, D. K. (2000). The Jim Crow laws and racism in American history. Enslow Publishers. google scholar
  • Gillespie, D., & Fraser, A. (1979). Dizzy: To be or not to bop, the autobiography of Dizzy Gillespie with Al Fraser. Da Capo Press. google scholar
  • Goffman, E. (1972). The neglected situation. P. P. Giglioli (Ed.), Language and social context içinde (s. 61-66), Penguin. google scholar
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis. Harper and Row. google scholar
  • Goffman, E. (2021). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (B. Cezar, Çev.). Metis Yayınları. (Özgün eser 1956 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Gooley, D. (2011). The outside of ‘sitting in”: Jazz jam sessions politics of participation. Performance Research: A Journal of the Performing Arts, 16(3), 43-48. google scholar
  • Hajer, M. A (2009). Authoritative governance: Policy-making in the age of mediatization. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Hajer, M., & Uitermark, J. (2008). Performing authority: Discursive politics after the assassination of Theo van Gogh. Public Administration, 86(1), 5-19. google scholar
  • Hartley, A. J. (2009). Character, agency and the familiar actor. P. Yachnin & J. Slights (Ed.), Shakespeare and character: Theory, history, performance, and theatrical persons içinde (s. 158-176). Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Herzig, M., & Baker, D. (2014). Beyond jamming: A historical and analytical perspective on the creative process. Journal of the Music & Entertainment Industry Educators Association, 14(1), 183-217. google scholar İrticalen (t.y.). Kubbealtı sözlük içinde. Erişim adresi: lugatim.com/s/irticâlen google scholar
  • İrticalî (t.y.). Türk Dil Kurumu güncel Türkçe sözlük içinde. Erişim adresi: https://sozluk.gov.tr/ google scholar
  • Jackson, T. A. (1998). Performance and musical meaning: Analyzing “Jazz” on the New York scene [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Columbia University. google scholar
  • Kerman, J. (1985). Contemplating music: Challenges to musicology. Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Kınlı, H. D., & Yükselsin, İ. Y. (2016). Eşikler, müzikler ve liminalite: Profesyonel Roman müzisyenler ve Bergama yöresi evlilik ritüellerindeki liminal rolleri. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 375^399. google scholar
  • Kisliuk, M. (1988). “A special kind of courtesy”: Action at a bluegrass festival jam session. TDR (1988-), 32(3), 141-155. google scholar
  • Lebert, R. (2019). Jam sessions as rites of passages: An ethnography of jazz jams in Phoenix [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Arizona State University. google scholar
  • Lewis, G. E. (1996). Improvised music after 1950: Afrological and Eurological perspectives. Black Music Research Journal, 16(1), 91-122. google scholar
  • McCollum, H., & Hebert, D. G. (Ed.). (2014). Theory and method in historical ethnomusicology. Lexington Books. google scholar
  • Merriam, A. P. (1964). The anthropology of music. Northwestern University Press. google scholar
  • Monson, I. (1996). Saying something: Jazz improvisation and interaction. The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Monson, I. (2007). Freedom sounds: Civil rights call out to jazz and Africa. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Nelson, L. D. (1995). The social construction of the jam session. Jazz Research Papers, 15, 95-100. google scholar
  • Nelson, L. D. (2011). The social and musical construction of the jam session in jazz [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. University of Kentucky. google scholar
  • Nettl, B. (1974). Thoughts on improvisation: A comparative approach. The Musical Quarterly, 60(1), 1-19. google scholar
  • Nettl, B. (1998). Introduction: An art neglected in scholarship. B. Nettl & M. Russell (Ed.), In the course of performance: Studies in the world of musical improvisation içinde (s. 1-23). The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Norman Granz JATP pilot… (1979). Down Beat, 46(16), 31-32. google scholar
  • Öztürk, O. M. (Ed.). (2023). Eleştirel boyutlarıyla müzikoloji. Müzik Eğitimi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Parker, C. (1993). Bird’s eyes: Last unissued, vol. 7 [Derleme]. Philology. google scholar
  • Pedro, J. (2014). Jam sessions in Madrid’s blues scene: Musical experience in hybrid performance models. Journal of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music, 4(1), 73-86. google scholar
  • Pinheiro, R. N. F. (2011). The creative process in the context of jazz jam sessions. Journal of Music and Dance. 1(1), 1-5. google scholar
  • Pinheiro, R. N. F. (2013). Jam sessions in Manhattan as rituals. Jazz Research Journal, 6(2), 129-150. google scholar
  • Qureshi, R. B. (1995). Music anthropologies and music histories: A preface and an agenda. Journal of the American Musicological Society, 48(3), 331-342. google scholar
  • Reisner, R. G. (Ed.). (1991). Bird: The legend of Charlie Parker. Da Capo Press. (Özgün eser 1962 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Rice, T. (2014). Ethnomusicology: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Russell, R. (1971). Jazz style in Kansas City and the Southwest. University of California Press. google scholar
  • Russell, R. (1973). Bird Lives! The high life and hard times of Charlie (Yardbird) Parker. Charterhouse, New York. google scholar
  • Schudel, M. (2006, 18 Ocak). Bob Weinstock: Jazz record producer. Washington Post. google scholar
  • Schuller, G. (1977). Early jazz: Its roots and musical development. Oxford University Press. (Özgün eser 1968 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Shapiro, N., & Hentoff, N. (Ed.). (1966). Hear me talkin’ to ya: The story of jazz as told by the men who made it. Dover Publications. (Özgün eser 1955 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Shelemay, K. K. (1980). “Historical ethnomusicology”: Reconstructing Falasha liturgical history. Ethnomusicology, 24(2), 233-258. google scholar
  • Simmel, G. (2015). Yabancı. Bireysellik ve kültür (T. Birkan, Çev.) içinde (s. 149^154). Metis Yayınları. (Özgün eser 1971 tarihlidir) Smithsonian jazz oral history project with J.J. Johnson (1994, 26-27 Şubat). Interview by David and Lida Baker, Smithsonian Jazz, US. google scholar
  • Stobart, H. (Ed.). (2008). The new (ethno)musicologies. The Scarecrow Press. google scholar
  • Stokes, M. (1998). Etnisite, kimlik ve müzik (A. Yılmaz, Çev.). Dans Müzik Kimlik: Folklora Doğru Çeviri / Araştırma Dergisi. 63, 123-149. (Özgün eser 1994 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Stone, R. M. (2008). Theory for ethnomusicology. New Jersey: Pearson Education. google scholar
  • Tan, S. (2021). Performativity in game: The case of “Yüzen Oda” in Ankara jam sessions. Porte Akademik Müzik ve Dans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20, 19-34. google scholar
  • Tan, S. (2023). Müziksel meşruiyet ve değer: Ankara caz atmosferi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi. google scholar
  • Taylor, R. (1978). Art, an enemy of the people. The Harvester Press Limited. google scholar
  • Turino, T. (2008) Music as social life: The politics of participation. The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Turner, V. W. (1967). The forest of symbols: Aspects of Ndembu ritual. Cornell University Press. google scholar
  • Turner, V. W. (1977). Variations on a theme of liminality. S. L. Moore & B. G. Myerhoff (Ed.), Secular ritual içinde (s. 36-53). Van Gorcum. google scholar
  • Van Gennep, A. (1960). The rites of passage (M. B. Vizedon & G. L. Caffee, Çev.). Routledge. (Özgün eser 1909 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Walker, K. (2010). Cut, carved, and served: Competitive jamming in the 1930s and 1940s. Jazz Perspectives, 4(2), 183-208. google scholar

“The Jazz Gathering Where Improvised Performance is Practiced”: Historical and Theoretical Approaches to the Jam Session

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 94 - 109, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2025-1635460

Öz

This paper examines the jam session as a performance model through historical and theoretical perspectives. The paper defines a jam session as a group music practice rooted in jazz and centered on improvisation, shaped by informal conventions, in which the house band allows guest musicians to participate. It also emphasizes that status differences among musicians are essential in jam sessions and that musicians may engage in a form of competition to attain rewards such as “learning,” “reputation,” and “promotion.” Accordingly, the historical section, which focuses on jazz, addresses the origins of jam sessions extending to cutting sessions, key development centers such as Kansas City, Missouri, and New York, and attempts to adapt jam sessions to concert and recording contexts. The theoretical section explores jam sessions through various lenses, including contextual parameters, habitus, participatory-presentational performance, and ritual. The first objective of this paper is to highlight the unique significance of jam sessions, often understated in jazz history narratives. Its second objective is to demonstrate the potential of ethnographic methodology in analyzing improvisation practices, frequently neglected by musicology due to its tendency to prioritize completed musical works. Finally, this paper aims to contribute to studying jam sessions, which have a limited place in Turkish literature. It also offers practical approaches to understanding musician interactions in other music genres, whether or not they involve improvisation, beyond the context of jam sessions.

Kaynakça

  • Agawu, K. (1997). Analyzing music under the new musicological regime. The Journal of Musicology, 15(3), 297-307. Bailey, D. (2011). Doğaçlama (A. Bucak, Çev.). Pan Yayıncılık. (Özgün eser 1980 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Becker, H. S. (1951). The professional dance musician and his audience. American Journal of Sociology, 57(2), 136-144. google scholar
  • Bennett, A., & Peterson, R. A. (2004). Introducing music scenes. A. Bennett & R. A. Peterson (Ed.), Music scenes: Local, translocal and virtual içinde (s. 1-15). Vanderbilt University Press. google scholar
  • Berendt, J. E. (2010). Caz kitabı: Ragtime’dan fusion ve sonrasına (N. Ozan, Çev.). Ayrıntı Yayınları. (Özgün eser 1953 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Berliner, P. F. (1994). Thinking in jazz: The infinite art of improvisation. The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice (R. Nice, Çev). Stanford University Press. (Özgün eser 1980 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power (G. Raymond & M. Adamson, Çev.). Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Cameron, W. B. (1954). Sociological notes on the jam session. Oxford University Press, 33(2), 177-182. google scholar
  • Carr, I., Fairweather, D., & Priestley, B. (1987). Jazz: The essential companion. Paladin Grafton Books. Caz (1956). Akis, 6(103), 28-29. google scholar
  • Chazelle, D. (Yönetmen). (2014). Whiplash [Film]. Bold Films; Blumhouse Productions; Right of Way Films. google scholar
  • Cohen, S. (1999). Scenes. B. Horner & T. Swiss (Ed.), Key terms in popular music and culture içinde (s. 239-250). Blackwell Publishing. google scholar
  • Cook, N. (2008). We are all (ethno)musicologists now. H. Stobart (Ed.), The new (ethno)musicologies içinde (s. 48-70). The Scarecrow Press. google scholar
  • Dempsey, N. P. (2008). Hook^ups and train wrecks: Contextual parameters and the coordination of jazz interactions. Symbolic Interaction, 31(1), 55-75. google scholar
  • DeVeaux, S. (1997). The birth of bebop: A social and musical history. University of California Press. google scholar
  • Erenberg, L. A. (1989). Things to come: Swing bands, bebop, and the rise of a postwar jazz scene. L. May (Ed.), Recasting America: Culture and politics in the age of cold war içinde (s. 221-245). The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Erol, A. (2015). Müzik üzerine düşünmek. Bağlam Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Erol, A. (2018). İslam, Alevilik ve müzik. Bağlam Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Erol, A. (2024). Bellek, tarih ve müzik: Finlandiya Tatarları. Bağlam Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Feige, D. M. (2016). Caz felsefesi (N. Aça, Çev.). Dost Kitabevi. (Özgün eser 2014 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Fordham, J. (1998). Caz (S. Davran, Çev.). Akbank Kültür ve Sanat Yayınları. (Özgün eser 1993 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Fremon, D. K. (2000). The Jim Crow laws and racism in American history. Enslow Publishers. google scholar
  • Gillespie, D., & Fraser, A. (1979). Dizzy: To be or not to bop, the autobiography of Dizzy Gillespie with Al Fraser. Da Capo Press. google scholar
  • Goffman, E. (1972). The neglected situation. P. P. Giglioli (Ed.), Language and social context içinde (s. 61-66), Penguin. google scholar
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis. Harper and Row. google scholar
  • Goffman, E. (2021). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (B. Cezar, Çev.). Metis Yayınları. (Özgün eser 1956 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Gooley, D. (2011). The outside of ‘sitting in”: Jazz jam sessions politics of participation. Performance Research: A Journal of the Performing Arts, 16(3), 43-48. google scholar
  • Hajer, M. A (2009). Authoritative governance: Policy-making in the age of mediatization. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Hajer, M., & Uitermark, J. (2008). Performing authority: Discursive politics after the assassination of Theo van Gogh. Public Administration, 86(1), 5-19. google scholar
  • Hartley, A. J. (2009). Character, agency and the familiar actor. P. Yachnin & J. Slights (Ed.), Shakespeare and character: Theory, history, performance, and theatrical persons içinde (s. 158-176). Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
  • Herzig, M., & Baker, D. (2014). Beyond jamming: A historical and analytical perspective on the creative process. Journal of the Music & Entertainment Industry Educators Association, 14(1), 183-217. google scholar İrticalen (t.y.). Kubbealtı sözlük içinde. Erişim adresi: lugatim.com/s/irticâlen google scholar
  • İrticalî (t.y.). Türk Dil Kurumu güncel Türkçe sözlük içinde. Erişim adresi: https://sozluk.gov.tr/ google scholar
  • Jackson, T. A. (1998). Performance and musical meaning: Analyzing “Jazz” on the New York scene [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Columbia University. google scholar
  • Kerman, J. (1985). Contemplating music: Challenges to musicology. Harvard University Press. google scholar
  • Kınlı, H. D., & Yükselsin, İ. Y. (2016). Eşikler, müzikler ve liminalite: Profesyonel Roman müzisyenler ve Bergama yöresi evlilik ritüellerindeki liminal rolleri. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 375^399. google scholar
  • Kisliuk, M. (1988). “A special kind of courtesy”: Action at a bluegrass festival jam session. TDR (1988-), 32(3), 141-155. google scholar
  • Lebert, R. (2019). Jam sessions as rites of passages: An ethnography of jazz jams in Phoenix [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Arizona State University. google scholar
  • Lewis, G. E. (1996). Improvised music after 1950: Afrological and Eurological perspectives. Black Music Research Journal, 16(1), 91-122. google scholar
  • McCollum, H., & Hebert, D. G. (Ed.). (2014). Theory and method in historical ethnomusicology. Lexington Books. google scholar
  • Merriam, A. P. (1964). The anthropology of music. Northwestern University Press. google scholar
  • Monson, I. (1996). Saying something: Jazz improvisation and interaction. The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Monson, I. (2007). Freedom sounds: Civil rights call out to jazz and Africa. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Nelson, L. D. (1995). The social construction of the jam session. Jazz Research Papers, 15, 95-100. google scholar
  • Nelson, L. D. (2011). The social and musical construction of the jam session in jazz [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. University of Kentucky. google scholar
  • Nettl, B. (1974). Thoughts on improvisation: A comparative approach. The Musical Quarterly, 60(1), 1-19. google scholar
  • Nettl, B. (1998). Introduction: An art neglected in scholarship. B. Nettl & M. Russell (Ed.), In the course of performance: Studies in the world of musical improvisation içinde (s. 1-23). The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Norman Granz JATP pilot… (1979). Down Beat, 46(16), 31-32. google scholar
  • Öztürk, O. M. (Ed.). (2023). Eleştirel boyutlarıyla müzikoloji. Müzik Eğitimi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Parker, C. (1993). Bird’s eyes: Last unissued, vol. 7 [Derleme]. Philology. google scholar
  • Pedro, J. (2014). Jam sessions in Madrid’s blues scene: Musical experience in hybrid performance models. Journal of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music, 4(1), 73-86. google scholar
  • Pinheiro, R. N. F. (2011). The creative process in the context of jazz jam sessions. Journal of Music and Dance. 1(1), 1-5. google scholar
  • Pinheiro, R. N. F. (2013). Jam sessions in Manhattan as rituals. Jazz Research Journal, 6(2), 129-150. google scholar
  • Qureshi, R. B. (1995). Music anthropologies and music histories: A preface and an agenda. Journal of the American Musicological Society, 48(3), 331-342. google scholar
  • Reisner, R. G. (Ed.). (1991). Bird: The legend of Charlie Parker. Da Capo Press. (Özgün eser 1962 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Rice, T. (2014). Ethnomusicology: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Russell, R. (1971). Jazz style in Kansas City and the Southwest. University of California Press. google scholar
  • Russell, R. (1973). Bird Lives! The high life and hard times of Charlie (Yardbird) Parker. Charterhouse, New York. google scholar
  • Schudel, M. (2006, 18 Ocak). Bob Weinstock: Jazz record producer. Washington Post. google scholar
  • Schuller, G. (1977). Early jazz: Its roots and musical development. Oxford University Press. (Özgün eser 1968 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Shapiro, N., & Hentoff, N. (Ed.). (1966). Hear me talkin’ to ya: The story of jazz as told by the men who made it. Dover Publications. (Özgün eser 1955 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Shelemay, K. K. (1980). “Historical ethnomusicology”: Reconstructing Falasha liturgical history. Ethnomusicology, 24(2), 233-258. google scholar
  • Simmel, G. (2015). Yabancı. Bireysellik ve kültür (T. Birkan, Çev.) içinde (s. 149^154). Metis Yayınları. (Özgün eser 1971 tarihlidir) Smithsonian jazz oral history project with J.J. Johnson (1994, 26-27 Şubat). Interview by David and Lida Baker, Smithsonian Jazz, US. google scholar
  • Stobart, H. (Ed.). (2008). The new (ethno)musicologies. The Scarecrow Press. google scholar
  • Stokes, M. (1998). Etnisite, kimlik ve müzik (A. Yılmaz, Çev.). Dans Müzik Kimlik: Folklora Doğru Çeviri / Araştırma Dergisi. 63, 123-149. (Özgün eser 1994 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Stone, R. M. (2008). Theory for ethnomusicology. New Jersey: Pearson Education. google scholar
  • Tan, S. (2021). Performativity in game: The case of “Yüzen Oda” in Ankara jam sessions. Porte Akademik Müzik ve Dans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 20, 19-34. google scholar
  • Tan, S. (2023). Müziksel meşruiyet ve değer: Ankara caz atmosferi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi. google scholar
  • Taylor, R. (1978). Art, an enemy of the people. The Harvester Press Limited. google scholar
  • Turino, T. (2008) Music as social life: The politics of participation. The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Turner, V. W. (1967). The forest of symbols: Aspects of Ndembu ritual. Cornell University Press. google scholar
  • Turner, V. W. (1977). Variations on a theme of liminality. S. L. Moore & B. G. Myerhoff (Ed.), Secular ritual içinde (s. 36-53). Van Gorcum. google scholar
  • Van Gennep, A. (1960). The rites of passage (M. B. Vizedon & G. L. Caffee, Çev.). Routledge. (Özgün eser 1909 tarihlidir) google scholar
  • Walker, K. (2010). Cut, carved, and served: Competitive jamming in the 1930s and 1940s. Jazz Perspectives, 4(2), 183-208. google scholar
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Müzik (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Selim Tan 0000-0002-1343-9157

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tan, S. (2025). “İrticalî İcranın Tatbik Edildiği Caz Toplantısı”: Jam Session’a Tarihsel ve Teorik Yaklaşımlar. Konservatoryum, 12(1), 94-109. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONS2025-1635460