Bilinçli Farkındalıklı Ebeveynlik Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması: Teori, Yöntem ve Çıktılar

Öz

Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımın modern psikolojideki yükselişiyle birlikte bilinçli farkındalık kavramı önem kazanmıştır. Bilinçli farkındalık, bireyin deneyimlerine yargılayıcı olmayan ve kabul edici bir tutumla dikkat yöneltmesini ifade etmektedir. Ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkisi, bireyin gelişiminde temel bir bağlam oluşturduğundan, bu kavram bilinçli farkındalıklı ebeveynlik kapsamında ele alınmaktadır. Bu sistematik derlemenin amacı, 0-6 yaş arası çocuklarda görülen davranış problemleri ile bilinçli farkındalıklı ebeveynlik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu kapsamda Google Akademik, PubMed, TR Dizin ve diğer veri tabanlarında gerçekleştirilen literatür taraması sonucunda PRISMA modeli doğrultusunda beş çalışma incelenmiştir. Bulgular, bilinçli farkındalıklı ebeveynliğin erken çocukluk döneminde içselleştirme ve dışsallaştırma davranış problemleriyle negatif yönde ilişkili olduğunu; ebeveyn stresi ve sosyoekonomik risk faktörlerinin ise bu ilişkide belirleyici rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bilinçli farkındalıklı ebeveynlik
• bilinçli farkındalık
• ebeveynlik uygulamaları

A Review Study on Mindful Parenting: Theory, Method, and Outcomes

Öz

With the rise of the cognitive-behavioral approach in modern psychology, the concept of mindfulness has gained significant importance. Mindfulness refers to the practice of directing one's attention to experiences with a non-judgmental and accepting attitude. Since the parent-child relationship forms a fundamental context for an individual's development, this concept is addressed within the scope of mindful parenting. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between behavioral problems in children aged 0-6 and mindful parenting. In this context, five studies were analyzed in line with the PRISMA model, following a literature search conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, TR Index, and other databases. The findings reveal that mindful parenting is negatively correlated with internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems during early childhood; furthermore, parental stress and socioeconomic risk factors play a decisive role in this relationship.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• mindful parenting
• mindfulness
• parenting practices

Kaynakça

1. Acet, P., & Oliver, B. R. (2024). Determinants of mindful parenting: A cross-cultural examination of parent and child reports. Current Psychology, 43(1), 562-574.
2. Ahemaitijiang, N., Fang, H., Ren, Y., Han, Z. R., & Singh N. N. (2021). A review of mindful parenting: Theory, measurement, correlates, and outcomes. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 15, Article 18344909211037016.
3. Almeida, D., & Santos, G. (2024). Parenting styles and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors: Does self-control matter? International Criminology, 4, 248–264.
4. Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (2008). Gerçekliğin sosyal inşası: Bir bilgi sosyolojisi incelemesi. Paradigma Yayıncılık.
5. Bögels, S. M., Hellemans, J., van Deursen, S., Römer, M., & van der Meulen, R. (2014). Mindful parenting in mental health care: Effects on parental and child psychopathology, parental stress, parenting, coparenting, and marital functioning. Mindfulness, 5(5), 536–551.
6. Bögels, S., & Restifo, K. (2014). Mindful parenting: A guide for mental health practitioners. Springer.
7. Cancio, E. J., & Johnson, J. W. (2013). Designing effective class wide motivation systems for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 57(1), 49–57.
8. Conroy, M. A., & Brown, W. H. (2004). Early identification, prevention, and early intervention with young children at-risk for emotional/behavioral disorders: Issues, trends, and a call for action. Behavioral Disorders, 29(3), 224–236.

9. Cummings, E. M., Merrilees, C. E., & George, M. W. (2010). Fathers, marriages, and families: Revisiting and updating the framework for fathering in family context. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (5th ed., pp. 154–176). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10. Esen Çoban, A., Bilgen, Z., İdrisoğlu, Ö., Sönmez, İ., Türe Köse, H. B., & Ünlü Bozkurt, H. (2021). Karşılaşılan duygusal ve davranışsal problemlerin ebeveyn tutumu ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi: İçerik analizi. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18(Eğitim Bilimleri Özel Sayısı), 4302-4335.
11. Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent-child relationships and prevention research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12(3), 255–270.
12. Emerson, L. M., Aktar, E., de Bruin, E., Potharst, E., & Bögels, S. (2021). Mindful parenting in secondary child mental health: key parenting predictors of treatment effects. Mindfulness, 12(2), 532–542.
13. Golly, A., Sprague, J., Walker, H. M., Beard, K., & Gorham, G. (2000). The first step to success program: An analysis of outcomes with identical twins across multiple baselines. Behavioral Disorders, 25(3), 170–182.
14. Gökler, R., & Atamtürk, E. (2021). Ebeveynlik rollerindeki değişim. Sosyal Politika ve Sosyal Hizmet Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 151–177.
15. Grusec, J. E., & Davidov, M. (2007). Socialization in the family: The roles of parents. In J. E. Grusec ve P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 284–308). The Guilford Press.
16. Han, J., & Lee, H. (2020). Longitudinal relationship between the child value, parenting stress, and controlling parenting attitudes and the self-esteem of children: Applying the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) using a latent growth model. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 17(3), e12322.
17. Huang, L., Chen, X., Liao, X., Peng, Y., Xie, S., & Chi, X. (2025). Mindful parenting, parent-child relationship, and preschool children’s internalizing behaviors: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Journal of Experimental Chil Psychology. 258, Article 106295.
18. Huang, L., Chen, X., Wu, D., Liu, R., Xie, S., & Chi, X. (2025). Mindful parenting and preschool children’s digital over-use behavior: Examining the roles of executive functions and gender differences. Children and Youth Services Review, 176, Article 108440.
19. Huang, H., & Wang, X. (2025). Family socioeconomic status and problem behaviors in Chinese migrant preschool children: The sequential mediating roles of mindful parenting and resilience. Infant Mental Health Journal, 47(2), e70053.
20. Ismayilova, L., Fu, L., Salayev, K., Wang, S. H., & Heidorn, E. (2025). Pathways to child mental health: A structural equation model of economic deprivation, parenting, and internalizing problems. SM – Mental Health, 8, 100528.
21. Karaağaç, Z. G., & Deniz, M. E. (2023). Mindfulness in marriage and mindfulness in parenting as predictors of social skills in early childhood. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(1), 180-206.
22. Karaçam, Z. (2013). Sistematik derleme metodolojisi: Sistematik derleme hazırlamak için bir rehber. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi, 6(1), 28–33.
23. Karadeniz, G. (2024). Unrealistic parental optimism. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 16(4), 723-730.
24. Karaduman, S., & Şahin Zeteroğlu, E. (2024). 4-5 yaş çocukların duygu düzenleme becerileri ile anne-babalarının kabul-red düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(3), 2389-2422.
25. Kaya, İ. (2010). Anne-babaların Akılcı Olmayan İnançları Ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesi: Psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gaziantep.
26. Kolhatkar, G., & Berkowitz, C. (2014). Cultural considerations and child maltreatment in search of universal principles. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 61(5), 1007–1022.
27. Liang, J., & Wang, Y. (2025). Early social interactions and young school‐aged children’s behavioral problems: Converging evidence from theory‐ and data‐driven approaches. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66(10), 1539-1550.
28. Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., & Chen, H. (2024). The relationship between parenting stress and preschool children’s social-emotional competence: The chain mediating role of parental reflective functioning and parent–child relationship. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 41064174.
29. Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O'Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review, 20(5), 561-592.
30. Matetovici, M., Spruit, A., Colonnesi, C., Garnier‐Villarreal, M., & Noom, M. (2025). Parent and child gender effects in the relationship between attachment and both internalizing and externalizing problems of children between 2 and 5 years old: A dyadic perspective. Infant Mental Health Journal, 46(4), 424-444.
31. Meppelink, R., de Bruin, E. I., Wanders-Mulder, F. H., Vennik, C. J., & Bögels, S. M. (2016). Mindful parenting training in child psychiatric settings: heightened parental mindfulness reduces parents’ and children’s psychopathology. Mindfulness, 7(3), 680–689.
32. Nacak, S., & İkiz, F. E. (2025). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocuklarda görülen davranış problemleri üzerine yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesi: Nitel bir araştırma. Ases Ulusal Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 516-539.
33. Oh, Y., Morgan, P. L., Greenberg, M. T., Zucker, T. A., & Landry, S. H. (2024). Between‐ and within‐child level associations between externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in a nationally representative sample of US elementary school children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65(8), 1010-1021.
34. Potharst, E. S., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Cuijlits, I., van Broekhoven, K. E. M., Jacobs, A., Spek, V., Nyklíček, I., Bögels, S. M., & Pop, V. J. M. (2019). A randomised control trial evaluating an online mindful parenting training for mothers with elevated parental stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1550.
35. Quan, H., He, J., & Li, C. (2023). The influence of parental mindfulness on preschool child behavior problems: a chain- mediated model analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 20(1), 812.
36. Salman Engin, S., Sümer, N., Sağel Çetiner, E., & Sakman, E. (2019). Anne ve babaların ortak ebeveynlik davranış ve algılarının romantik bağlanma ile ilişkisi (The relationship between romantic attachment and coparenting behaviors and perceptions). Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 59(1), 717-741.
37. Shorey, S., & Ng, E. D. (2021). The efficacy of mindful parenting interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 121, 103996.
38. Sümer, N., Gündoğdu Aktürk, E., & Helvacı, E. (2010). Anne-baba tutum ve davranışlarının psikolojik etkileri: Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalara toplu bakış. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 13(25), 42–59.
39. Swisa, R. K., Hanetz-Gamliel, K., & Dollberg, D. G. (2023). Mothers' and fathers' mentalization as moderators of the association between marital conflict and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Family Relations, 72(3) 703-719.
40. Talbot, J. A., & McHale, J. P. (2004). Individual parental adjustment moderates the relationship between marital and coparenting quality. Journal of Adult Development, 11(3), 191–205.
41. Thériault, R. L., Bernier, A., & Deneault, A. A. (2025). Maternal and paternal parenting stress: Direct and interactive associations with child externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 71, 114–122.
42. Yılmaz, H., & Büyükcebeci, A. (2019). Bazı pozitif psikoloji kavramları açısından helikopter ebeveyn tutumlarının sonuçları. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 9(54), 707-744.
43. Zheng, J. (2025). The effects of parenting styles on children's emotional and social skill development: The mediating role of emotion regulation skills. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 84, 6-10.
44. Williams, D. T. (2018). Parental depression and cooperative coparenting: A longitudinal and dyadic approach. Family Relations, 67(2), 253-269.
45. Xiao, X. (2025). The effects of parental marital quality on preschool children's social-emotional competence: The chain mediating model of parent-child and sibling relationships. Infant Mental Health Journal, 46, 15–29.