Avrupa Birliği’nin Karşılaştırmalı Refah Modelleri ve Sosyal Politikada Devletin Değişen Rolü

Öz

Refah devleti, sosyal refahın en üst seviyeye çıkarılması amacına yönelik olarak, devletin sosyal, iktisadi ve siyasi hayata aktif ve kapsamlı müdahalelerde bulunmasına dayanan bir modeldir. Bu özelliği ile model müdahaleci, düzenleyici, yeniden dağıtıcı ve girişimci bir devlet yapısına dayanır. Bu özellikleri taşıması nedeniyle Avrupa refah devletleri önemli bir model oluşturmaktadırlar. Ancak 1970 petrol krizi ve yaşanan ekonomik durgunluk birçok Avrupa refah devletini köklü değişiklikler yapmaya zorlamıştır. Ekonomilerin uluslararasılaşması, nüfusun yaşlanması ve aile yapısındaki değişiklikler, Batı Avrupa refah devletlerinin yeni bir yapılanma geçirmeleri için yoğun bir politik baskı oluşturmuştur. Refah devletlerinin bu tehditlere karşı uyguladıkları politikalar birbirlerinden çok farklı olsa da, 1980’lerden bu yana sürdürülen sosyal politika yardımlarının ve hizmetlerinin daha yoğun bir prosedüre bağlanması ve kamu refah programlarının kısıtlanmasına yönelik genel bir eğilim olduğu görülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Refah Devleti, Sosyal Politika, Refah Modelleri

Öz

Welfare state is a model that based on state’s active and comprehensive interventions to social, economic and political life in order to reach the highest degree of the social welfare. As appropriate that aim, it is an interventionist, regulating and re-distributive state model. Because of 1970 oil crisis and economic stagnation, serious changes became necessary for lots of European welfare states. Internationalization of economies, aging population and the changes in family structures constituted an intensive political pressure for restructuring the European welfare states. Even though these policies that welfare states applied for against these threats are very different from each other, it is a reality that there is a general tendency for making social policy benefits and services more conditional and retrenching public welfare programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Welfare State, Social Policy, Welfare Models

Kaynakça

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