Yunanistan Borç Krizi: Nedenleri, Etkileri ve Alternatif Çözüm Önerileri

Yıl 2013, Sayı: 25, 19 - 43, 01.06.2013

Ayfer Gedıklı

Öz

Yunanistan borç krizi, sadece Yunanistan’ı değil, Avrupa Birliği içerisindeki diğer ülkeleri de olumsuz
etkilemiştir. Gittikçe bozulan makroekonomik yapı, artan ticari açık, zayıflayan rekabet gücü ve hatalı
finansal yönetimle Yunanistan, ekonomi yönetiminde yeterince başarılı olamadığını ortaya koymuştur.
Öte yandan, bir yandan AB üyesi diğer ülkelerin, diğer yandan da yerel yöneticilerin tüm çabalarına
rağmen kamu borçlarını ödeme konusunda piyasa beklentilerinin giderek zayıflaması, Yunanistan
borç krizinin derinleşmesine neden oluşturmuştur. Bu kriz, Yunanistan ekonomisindeki derin
problemleri gün yüzüne çıkarması yanında, Avrupa Birliği bünyesinde uygulanan ortak para
politikası ve ayrık maliye politikalarının da sorgulanmasına yol açmıştır. Üstelik birlik içindeki
finansal bağımlılığın yüksek olması nedeniyle, para birliği içinde olan diğer ülkelere de krizin bulaşma
ihtimali söz konusu olmuştur. Bu bilgiler ışığında, bu çalışmada Yunanistan borç krizinin endojen ve
egzojen nedenleri belirtildikten sonra, krize yönelik olarak Yunanistan ve Avrupa Birliği tarafından
alınan tedbirler üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmanın son kısmında ise krize yönelik olarak kısa ve uzun
vadede uygulanabilecek alternatif çözüm önerileri açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yunanistan borç krizi, Avrupa Birliği, finansal sürdürülebilirlik, borç yapılanması

The Greek Sovereign Debt Crisis: Causes, Impacts and Some Policy Recommendation

Öz

The Greek Sovereign Debt Crisis, exposed both Greece and Eurozone. Greek authorities had failed to overcome endemic problems of fiscal mismanagement, low competitiveness and trade deficits. Steady deterioriation of Greek macroeconomic fundamentals and disappointing market expectations from Greek fiscal liabilities can be considered as the basic reasons of Greek crisis. Greek Debt Crisis has also brought questions with the Eurozone which has unified monetary policy and diverse fiscal policies. At this point, it has come to light that there may be a risk of contagion to the other EMU countries. This atricle provides an overview of the sovereign debt crisis in Greece, outlines the major causes of the crisis focusing on both domestic and international factors and the response of the local and Eurozone authorities to the crisis. Finally, short run and long run solution suggestions for the crisis will be explained

Anahtar Kelimeler

Greece sovereign debt crisis, Eurozone, Fiscal sustainability, Debt restructuring

Kaynakça

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• Kocaeli University Journal of Social Sciences, 2013, 25 : 19 - 43
• ÖNERİLERİ Ayfer GEDİKLİ•