Endüstri Küreselleşmesi: Türk Ict Sektörünün Küreselleşmesine İlişkin Ampirik Bir Analiz (2000-2007)

Yıl 2010, Sayı: 19, 1 - 18, 01.06.2010

Abdüllatif Çeviker Yeşim Reel

Öz

Enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojileri (ICT) bir yandan ürünleriyle küreselleşmeye katkıda bulunurken, diğer yandan süreçten etkilenen sektörlerin başında gelmektedir. Sektörün yenilikçi, yayılgan ve hızla gelişme performansına sahip olması dünya çapında bir ilgiyi üzerine çekmektedir. ICT’lerin belirtilen özelliklerinden kaynaklanan dinamizmi sektörde rekabetin küresel ölçekte gerçekleşmesini sağlarken, aynı zamanda endüstrinin küreselleşme düzeyini de yükseltmektedir. Literatürde endüstrilerin küreselleşmesi çoklu-yerliden entegre küresele doğru derecelendirilmektedir. Türk ICT sektörünün bu yelpazede yerini belirlemek amacıyla, sektörü temsil ettiği varsayılan telekomünikasyon cihazları ve bilgisayar cihazları başlığı altında Türkiye’nin ihracat, ithalat ve üretim verileri kullanılmıştır. 2000–2007 yılları kapsayan bu veriler Türk Elektronik Sanayicileri Derneği’nden temin edilmiştir. Türk ICT sektörünün çoklu-yerliden entegre küresele doğru bir derecelendirme içinde basit küresel düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Dış bağlantıları olmakla birlikte, bunların büyük oranda dışarıdan içeriye yönelik olması, sektörün entegre-küresel düzeye yaklaşması önünde kısıt oluşturmaktadır. Basit küresel aşamada bulunan Türk ICT endüstrisi, düşük ihracatın belirlediği endüstri içi ticaret ile yüksek uluslararası ticaret seviyesi tarafından karakterize edilmektedir. Bazı ICT ürünlerinin dış ülkelere gelişigüzel pazarlanmasıyla gerçekleşen ihracatın varlığı yanında, sektörün öncelikli hedefi yine de Türkiye pazarıdır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstri Küreselleşmesi, Endüstri İçi Ticaret, Uluslararası Ticaret Seviyesi, Türk ICT Sektörü

Globalization Of Turkish Ict Sector: An Empirical Analysis (2000-2007)

Öz

The significance of geographical distance diminishes because of ICT due
to eliminating barriers ahead of investment and commerce in the world economy
which has mutually dependence in globalization process. ICT sector which are ahead
of mostly affected sectors from globalization makes substantial contribution to this
process. Sector’s increasing capacity of improvement, pervasiveness and
innovativeness elevates the globalization level. Emerging of innovations and existence
of rapid development which advancing quality with declining prices are simultaneously
materialized, yields to ICT sector a worldwide attention. Gaining dynamism through
these qualities ICT sector turns into a stage for globally severe competition.
Industry globalization can be categorized from multidomestic industry to integrated
global industry. In order to distinguish international industry models, four different
categories have been developed in which used Linkage of International Trade and
Intra Industry Trade. Objective and comprehensible measurement of industry
globalization needs to determine integration level of value added activities of firms within industry, among national borders, and also level of international linkage of
industry. Dimension of international linkages and integration to value added
activities can be measured at the industry level so that have explanatory
characteristics .
In order to determine globalization level of Turkish ICT sector, data for
telecommunications and computer equipment sub sectors have been assumed as
dummy variables. Export, import and production values have been used in calculation.
These values obtained from TESID (Turkish Association of Electronics and
Information Industries) have been used to calculate international trade level and
intra industry level. This study covered the period of 2000 to 2007.
As the globalization of industries rank from multidomestic to integrated
globalization, it seems that Turkish ICT sector is in simple global level. There by, it
should not be considered that the competition is independent from other countries.
Although the sector has external linkages, as these are moved from outside to
inside, it could be said that it has boundaries. Besides realized by uncoordinating
export of goods to foreign countries, sector’s primary target is Turkish market.
Turkish ICT sector, stationed in simple global level, is characterized by high
international trade level and intra industry trade which is determined by low export.
Even though commercial activities have essential roles in the industry, the export’s
share is quite small in these activities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Industry Globalization, Intra-Industry Trade, Level of International Trade, Turkish ICT Sector

Kaynakça

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