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Türkiye’de Eneri Tüketimi, CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1960-2013 Dönemi

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 34, 169 - 197, 31.12.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmada, 1960-2013 dönemi Türkiye ekonomisi için enerji tüketimi, CO2 (karbondioksit) emisyonu ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki, Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, 1960-2013 döneminde Türkiye’de enerji tüketimi ile CO2 emisyonu arasında çift yönlü ve pozitif bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ekonomik büyümeden CO2 emisyonuna ve ekonomik büyümeden enerji tüketimine doğru tek yönlü pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ekonomik büyümeden enerji tüketimene doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunması; Türkiye’de Korumacı hipotezin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda enerji kullanımında korumacı politikaların büyümeyi olumsuz etkilemediği, enerji ekonomik büyüme açısından bir uyarıcı olmadığından enerji tasarrufuna yönelik politikaların uygulanmasının ekonomik performanası dolayısıyla ekonomik büyümeyi olumsuz yönde etkilemeyeceği söylenebilir.

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The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission and Economic Growth in Turkey: Period 1960-2013

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 34, 169 - 197, 31.12.2017

Öz

In this study, the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth for Turkish economy in the period of 1960-2013 was examined with Toda-Yamamoto causality testing method. According to the reults of analysis, a birectional and positive causality relationship was found between energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Turkey in the period of 1960-2013. Besides, unidirectional and positive relationship was found from economic growth to CO2 emissions and from economic growth to energy consumption. The finding of unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to energy consumption suggests that the Protective hypothesis is valid in Turkey. In this context, it can be said that protectionist policies on energy use do not adversely affect growth. Since energy is not a stimulus for economic growth, it can be said that the practice of policies for energy saving will not adversely affect economic growth.

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  • Narayan, Paresh Kumar ve Russell Smyth (2005). “The Residential Demand for Electricity in Australia: An Application of the Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration”. Energy Policy, 33(4), 467-474. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0301421503002520/22.06.2016.
  • Narayan, Paresh Kumar ve Stephan Popp (2012). “The Energy Consumption-Real GDP Nexus Revisited: Empirical Evidence from 93 Countries”. Economic Modelling, 29(2), 303-308. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S02649993 11002525/28.02.2016.
  • Narayan, Paresh Kumar, Behnaz Saboori ve Abdorreza Soleymani (2016). “Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions”. Economic Modelling, 53, 388-397. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264999315003235/06.12.2016
  • Ouedraogo, Nadia S. (2013). “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)”. Energy Economics, 36, 637-647. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0140988312003003/28.02.2016.
  • Özcan, Burcu (2013). “The Nexus between Carbon Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Middle East Countries: A Panel Data Analysis”. Energy Policy, 62, 1138-1147. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0301421513006599/29.02.2016.
  • Öztürk, İlhan ve Ali Acaravcı (2010). “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Rewievs, 14(9), 3220-3225. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110001851 /29.02.2016. ________________________ (2013). “The Long-Run and Causal Analysis of Energy, Growth, Opennes and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions in Turkey”.Energy Economics, 36, 262-267. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S0140988312001958/29.02.2016
  • Öztürk, İlhan ve Gazi Salah Uddin (2012). “Causality among Carbon Emissions, Energy Consumption and Growth in India”. Economic Research, 25(3), 752-775. http://www.google.com.tr/ursa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwi94P3x2oPVAhXjQJoKHSnnDrsQFggkMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F142717&usg=AFQjCNHex014D35pqSdtWjS-x7JCNph7Ag /11.10.2016.
  • Öztürk, Zafer ve Damla Öz (2016). “Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Örgütlerinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Nedensellik Analizi”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 37-48. http://sbd.dergi.anadolu.edu.tr/yonetim/icerik/makaleler/656published.pdf/01.03.2017.
  • Pao, Hsiao-Tien ve Chung-Ming Tsai (2010). “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in BRIC Countries”. Energy Policy, 38(12), 7850-7860. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510006609/29.02.2016 ________________________(2011). “Multivariate Granger Causality between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Evidence from a Panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, and China) Countries”. Energy, 36(1), 685-693. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544210005207/29.02.2016
  • Pao, Hsiao-Tien, Hsiao-Tien Yu ve Yeou-Herng Yang (2011). “Modeling the CO2 Emissions, Energy Use, and Economic Growth in Russia”. Energy, 36(8), 5094-5100. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544211003811/29.02.2016
  • Pata, Uğur Korkut ve Harun Terzi (2016). “The Relationship between Aggregated–Disaggregated Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”. Business and Economics Research Journal, 7(4), 1-15. http://www.berjournal.com/tr/the-relationship-between-aggregateddisaggregated-energy-consumptionandeconomic-growth-in-turkey/07.05.2016.
  • Paul, Shyamal ve Rabindra N. Bhattacharya (2004).”Causality between Energy Consumptin and Economic Growth in India”. Energy Economics, 26(6), 977-983. H ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014098830400060X/01.03.2016.
  • Richmond, Amy K. ve Roobert K. Kaufman (2006). “Is There A Turning Point in The Relationship Between Income and Energy Use and/or Carbon Emissions?”. Ecological Economics, 56(2), 176-189. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S0921800905000595/11.03.2016.
  • Saboori, Behnaz ve Jamalludin Sulaiman (2013). “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries: A Cointegration Approach”. Energy, 55, 813-822. http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544213003496/29.02.2016.
  • Saboori, Behnaz, Maimunah Sapri ve Maizan Bin Baba (2014). “Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in OECD (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development)’s Transport Sectors: A Fully Modified Bi-Directional relationship Approach”. Energy, 66, 150-161. http://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544213011183/29.02.2016.
  • Saidi, Kais ve Sami Hammami (2015). ), “The Impact of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions on Economic Growth: Fresh Evidence from Dynamic Simultaneous-Equations Models”. Sustainable Cities and Society, 14, 178-186. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670714000511/28.06.2016
  • Sancar, Canan ve Melike Atay Polat (2015). “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Tüketimi ve İthalat İlişkisi’’. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, 12(6), 416-432. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sancar_Canan/ publication/281344816_THE_RELATIONSHIP_AMONG_ECONOMIC_GROWTH_ENERGY_CONSUMPTION_AND_IMPORT_IN_TURKEY/links/560d104d08aec71cb48fa9ec.pdf/28.06.2016.
  • Sarı, Ramazan ve Uğur Soytaş (2004). “Disaggregate Energy Consumption, Employment and Income in Turkey”. Energy Economics, 26(3), 335-344. http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988304000271/29.02.2016. _________________ (2007). “The Growth of Economy and Energy Consumption in Six Developing Countries”. Energy Policy, 35(2), 889-898. http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0301421506000760/01.03.2016.
  • Selden, Thomas M. ve Daqing Song (1994). “Environmental Quality and Development: Is There A Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution Emissions?”. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 27(2), 147-162. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S009506968471031X/11.03.2016.
  • Shahbaz, Muhammad et.al. (2013). “Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Financial Development, International Trade and CO2 Emissions in Indonesia”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 109-121. http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S1364032113002608/29.02.2016.
  • Shahiduzzman, Md. ve Khorshed Alam (2012). “Cointegration and Causal Relationships Between Energy Consumption and Output: Assessing the Evidence from Australia”. Energy Economics, 34(6), 2182-2188. http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0140988312000503/11.03.2016.
  • Soytaş, Uğur ve Ramazan Sarı (2006). “Can China Contribute More to the Fight Against Global Warming?”. Journal of Policy Modelling, 28(8), 837-846. http://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161893806000822/28.06.2016. __________________(2009). “Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Carbon Emissions: Challenges Faced by An EU Candidate Member”. Ecological Economics, 68(6), 1667-1675. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S09218009070 03515/28.02.2016.
  • Soytaş, Uğur, Ramazan Sarı ve Bradley T. Ewing (2007). “Energy Consumption, Income, and Carbon Emissions in the United States”. Ecological Economics, 62(3-4), 482-489. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800906003430/01.03.2016
  • Squalli, Jay (2007). “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Bounds and Causality Analyses for OPEC members”. Economics, 29(6), 1192-1205. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988306001174/11.03.2016
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  • Terzi, Harun ve Uğur Korkut Pata (2016). “The Effect of Oil Consumption on Economic Growth in Turkey". Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 17/2, 225-240. http://journal.dogus.edu.tr/index.php/duj/article/view/964/pdf/27.02.2016.
  • Uysal, Doğan ve Halil Yapraklı (2016). “Kişi Başına Düşen Gelir, Enerji Tüketimi ve Karbondioksit (CO2) Emisyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin Yapısal Kırılmalar Altındaki Analizi: Türkiye Örneği”. Selçuk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 31, 186-202. http://sead.selcuk.edu.tr /sead/article/view/570/531/22.06.2016. Wang, S. S. et.al. (2011). “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in China: A Panel Data Analysis”. Energy Policy, 39(9), 4870-4875. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511004885/22.06.2016
  • Wolde-Rufael, Yemane (2009). “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Experience of African Countries Revisited”. Energy Economics, 31(2), 217-224. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988308001710/11.03.2016 Yuan, Jia-Hai et.al. (2008). “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from China at Both Aggregated and Disaggregated Levels”. Energy Economics, 30(6), 3077-3094. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988308000510 /11.10.2016.
  • Zhang, Xing-Ping ve Xiao-Mei Cheng (2009). “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in China”. Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2706-2712. http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180090900216X/29.02.2016.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çiğdem Karış

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 34

Kaynak Göster

APA Karış, Ç. (2017). Türkiye’de Eneri Tüketimi, CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1960-2013 Dönemi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(34), 169-197.

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