THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB CRAFTING BETWEEN WORK ENGAGEMENT AND JOB PERFORMANCE: A RESEARCH ON CRAFTERS

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 38, 69 - 84, 31.12.2019

Mehmet İnce , Onur Başar Özbozkurt

https://doi.org/10.35343/kosbed.654822

Cited By: 5

Öz

Crafts such as jewelry and silver design have been drawn attention as the sectors that have been identified as precious and developing components of art and craft via combining creativity and manual labor. In this regard, it has been seen that there are a limited number of studies examining the mediating role of job crafting between job performance and level of work engagement of crafters who shape the work’s extent, content and structure by their own ways, and execute a job that requires handicraft and craftsmanship, based on skilled labor. From this point of view, the questionnaire has been applied to 129 crafters who are predetermined by convenience sampling method in Mersin within the purpose of contributing practices for the sector and scientific studies in the related field; the data obtained has been analyzed by the quantitative research programme “SPSS 22.0”. As a result of the analysis, it has been identified that the dimensions of work engagement and job crafting have a significant effect on job performance and job crafting has a mediating role between work engagement and job performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Work Engagement, Job Performance, Crafter, Job Crafting, Mediating Role

İŞE BAĞLILIK İLE İŞ PERFORMANSI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE İŞ ZANAATKÂRLIĞININ ARACILIK ROLÜ: ZANAATKÂRLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Kuyumculuk, gümüş ve takı tasarımcılığı gibi zanaat alanları, sanat ve zanaat unsurlarını, yaratıcılık ile el emeğini bir araya getirmesiyle gelişim kaydeden ve değerli olarak nitelendirilen sektörler olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu anlamda, nitelikli emeğe dayalı, el becerisi ve ustalık gerektiren bir mesleği icra eden; işin kapsamını, içeriğini ve yapısını, kendisine göre şekillendiren zanaatkârların, işe bağlılık düzeyinin, iş performansları ile arasındaki ilişkisinde iş zanaatkârlığının aracılık rolüne ilişkin kısıtlı çalışmanın var olduğu görülmektedir. Buradan hareketle, ilgili alandaki bilimsel çalışmalara ve sektördeki uygulamalara katkı sağlaması amacıyla, Mersin ilinde, kolayda örneklem yoluyla belirlenen 129 zanaatkâr üzerinde anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiş olup; elde edilen veriler, “SPSS 22.0” nicel analiz programı vasıtasıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ise, işe bağlılığın ve iş zanaatkârlığının alt boyutlarının iş performansı ile arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin var olduğu ve iş zanaatkârlığının; işe bağlılık ve iş performansı arasındaki ilişkide aracılık rolüne sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşe Bağlılık, İş Performansı, Zanaatkâr, İş Zanaatkârlığı, Aracılık Rolü

Kaynakça

• Akyüz, B., & Eşitti, B. (2015). Hizmet İşletmelerinde örgütsel bağlılığın iş performansı ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Çanakkale örnekleminde bir araştırma. Bartın Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(11), 23-39.
• Ali, I., Rehman, K. U., Ali, S. I., Yousaf, J., & Zia, M. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility Influences, Employee Commitment and Organizational Performance. African Journal of Business Management, 4(13), 2796-2801.
• Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of Employee Engagement and their Impact on Employee Performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308-323. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008.
• Bakker, A.B., & Albrecht, S. (2018). Work Engagement: Current Trends. Career Development International, 23(1), 4-11. DOI: 10.1108/cdi-11-2017-0207.
• Berg, J. M., Dutton, J. E., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2008). What is Job Crafting and Why Does it Matter. Positive Organizational Scholarship, 1-8.
• Bolelli, M. (2019). İşe Tutkunluk ile Öznel İyi Olma İlişkisinde Kuşakların Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(35), 247-272.
• Burke, R. J., & Richardsen, A. M. (2019). Creating Psychologically Healthy Workplaces. Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Chen, J. C., Silverthorne, C., & Hung, J. Y. (2006). Organization Communication, Job Stress, Organizational Commitment, and Job Performance of Accounting Professionals in Taiwan and America. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 27(4), 242-249. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730610666000.
• Çekmecelioğlu, G. H. (2014). Göreve ve İnsana Yönelik Liderlik Tarzlarının Örgütsel Bağlılık, İş Performansı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkileri, KOSBED, 28, 21-34.
• Çöl, G. (2008). Algılanan Güçlendirmenin İşgören Performansı Üzerine Etkileri, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9 (1), 35-46.
• Demerouti, E. (2014). Design Your Own Job Through Job Crafting. European Psychologist, 19(4), 237-347. DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000188.
• Devotto, R. P. D., & Wechsler, S. M. (2019). Job Crafting Interventions: Systematic Review. Trends in Psychology, 27(2), 371-383.
• Din, M. U., Khan, F., Khan, U., Kadarningsih, A., & Astuti, S. D. (2019). Effect Of Islamic Work Ethics On Job Performance: Mediating Role Of Intrinsic Motivation. International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics, 4(2), 676-688.
• Doğan, H., & Çelik, K. (2019). Okul Yöneticilerinin Gücü Kullanma Stillerinin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Bağlılıkları ve İş Performansları ile İlişkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 44(198), 37-55.
• Doğan, T., Eryılmaz, A., & Ercan, L. (2014). İşe Bağlılığın Öznel İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Rolü: Akademisyenler Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Gazi Üniversitesi Endüstriyel Sanatlar Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 48-57.
• Eryılmaz, A., & Doğan, T. (2012). İş Yaşamında Öznel İyi Oluş: Utrecht İşe Bağlılık Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Niteliklerinin İncelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 15(1), 49-55.
• Gordon, H. J., Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., & Bipp, T. (2015). Job crafting and performance of Dutch and American health care professionals. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14(4), 192-202.
• Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The Dynamics of Proactivity at Work. Research in Organizational Behavior, (28), 3-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002.
• Guan, X., & Frenkel, S. (2018). How HR Practice, Work Engagement and Job Crafting Influence Employee Performance. Chinese Management Studies, 12(3), 591-607.
• İraz, R. & Akgün, Ö. (2011). Örgütsel Bağlılığın Çalışan Performansı Üzerine Etkilerini Ölçmeye Yönelik Bir Çalışma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 14(1-2), 201-224.
• Kahn, W. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692‐724.
• Khushk, A. A. (2019). Impact of Locus of Control (LOC) and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance-Study of Service Sector, Pakistan. International Journal of Law and Peace Works, 6(5), 1-6.
• Kılıç, M. Y. (2019). Okullarda Yöneticinin Sağladığı Etik İklimin, Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Öğretmen Performansına Etkisi. Cumhuriyet Uluslararası Eğitim Dergisi, 8(3), 807-836.
• Kirkman, B. L., & Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond Self-Management: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58–74. doi:10.5465/256874.
• Kooij, D. T., Tims, M., & Akkermans, J. (2016). The Influence of Future Time Perspective on Work Engagement and Job Performance: the Role of Job Crafting. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(1), 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2016.1209489.
• Liao, H., & Chuang, A. (2004). A Multilevel Investigation of Factors influencing employee Service Performance and Customer Outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 47(1), 41-58. DOI: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2018.780.
• Liu, E., Huang, J. (2019). Occupational Self-Efficacy, Organizational Commitment, and Work Engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(8), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8046.
• Mäkikangas, A., Aunola, K., Seppälä, P., & Hakanen, J. (2016). Work Engagement–Team Performance Relationship: Shared Job Crafting as a Moderator. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(4), 772-790.
• Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2008). Early Predictors of Job Burnout and Engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 498–512. DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.498.
• Mersin Esnaf ve Sanatkarlar Odaları Birliği. (2019). Kişisel Görüşme.
• Meyer, J. P., Paunonen, S. V., Gellatly, I. R., Goffin, R. D., & Jackson, D. N. (1989). Organizational Commitment and Job Performance: It's the Nature of the Commitment that Counts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 152-156.
• Özutku, H. (2008). Örgüte Duygusal, Devamlılık ve Normatif Bağlılık ile İş Performansı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 79-97.
• Pandey, J. (2018). Factors Affecting Job Performance: an Integrative Review of Literature. Management Research Review, 42(2), 263-289. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-02-2018-0051.
• Parker, S. K., & Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking Stock: Integrating and Differentiating Multiple Proactive Behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(3), 633-662. Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Job crafting in changing organizations: Antecedents and implications for exhaustion and performance. Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(4), 470-480.
• Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hetland, J. (2012). Crafting a job on a Daily Basis: Contextual Correlates and the Link to Work Engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141.
• Radosavljević, Ž., Ćilerdžić, V., & Dragić, M. (2017). Employee Organizational Commitment. International Review, (1-2), 18-26.
• Riketta, M. (2002). Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performance: a meta‐analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(3), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.141.
• Saleem, M. A., Bhutta, Z. M., Nauman, M., & Zahra, S. (2019). Enhancing Performance and Commitment Through Leadership and Empowerment: An Emerging Economy Perspective. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(1), 303-322. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-02-2018-0037.
• Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). What is Engagement?. In Employee Engagement in Theory and Practice London: Routledge. 29-49.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal Of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
• Shin, L. R., & Hyun, S. S. (2019). Impact of Managerial Influence Tactics on Job Creativity and Performance: A Focus on Korean Airline Service Employees. Sustainability, 11(16), 1-14.
• Shumi, R. A., & Begum, S. (2017). Employee Engagement: A Tool for Enhancing Performance Management. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(19), 46-54.
• Sigler, T. H., & Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating An Empowering Culture: Examining The Relationship Between Organizational Culture And Perceptions Of Empowerment. Journal of Quality Management, 5(1), 27–52. doi:10.1016/s1084-8568(00)00011-0.
• Somers, M. J., & Birnbaum, D. (1998). Work‐related commitment and job performance: it's also the nature of the performance that counts. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 19(6), 621-634.
• Starnes, B. J., & Truhon, S. A. (2006). A Primer on Organizational Commitment. Human Development and Leadership Division. Available online at: www. asq. org.
• Tanrıverdi, H., & Sarıhan, M. (2013). İşe Bağlılığın Tükenmişlik ve Depresyon Düzeyleri Üzerindeki Etkileri: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 1(2), 206-228.
• Tims, M., & Bakker, A.B. (2010). Job Crafting: Towards a New Model of Individual Job Redesign. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-9. DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v36i2.841.
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2015). Job Crafting and Job Performance: A Longitudinal Study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(6), 914-928. DOI:1080/1359432X.2014.969245.
• Trivellas, P., Rafailidis, A., Polychroniou, P., & Dekoulou, P. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its Internal Consequences on Job Performance. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-12-2017-0117.
• Uddin, M. A., Mahmood, M., & Fan, L. (2019). Why individual employee engagement matters for team performance? Mediating effects of employee commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 25(1/2), 47-68.
• Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (2000). Perspectives on Models of Job Performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(4), 216-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00151.
• Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of their Work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201.
• Wrzesniewski, A., LoBuglio, N., Dutton, J. E., & Berg, J. M. (2013). Job Crafting and Cultivating Positive Meaning and Identity in Work. In Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology. (1), 281-302.
• Yavuz, M., & Artan, İ. E. (2019). İş Zanaatkârlığı (Job Crafting) Kavramı: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 95-125. doi: 10.24889/ifede.404744.
• http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&kelime=ZANAAT, Erişim Tarihi: 07.08.2019.