Psychoneuroimmunology

Öz

This article explains the emergence of anew area, psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) anddiscusses the studies conducted in this area.Psychoneuroimmunology is defined as thestudy of interactions between behavior, brain,and immune system. The first study in this areaproved that immune responses can be changedby classical conditioning. Other studies in thisarea showed that since learning is one of thefunctions of brain, they did prove the connectionbetween brain and immune system. The connection between the immune system and thebrain was shown by many convincing findings ofboth human and animal studies. Since PNI isdefined as the study of connection between thebrain and the immune system, the theoreticalconsequence of that link is that psychologicalexperiences, like stress, can have an effect onthe immune function, which in turn may have aneffect on the disease course. Thus, this articlediscusses how and when the stress affects thebrain and cognition. Finally, the frightening sidesof the popularity of psychoneuroimmunologyand the points that needs to be paid attention inorder to stay in the limits of the ‘science’ are discussed

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psychoneuroimmunology,stress, immune system, learning

PSİKONÖROİMMÜNOLOJİ

Öz

Bu makalede yeni bir alan olan psikonöroimmünoloji’nin (PNI) ortaya çıkışı vegünümüze kadar bu alanda ne tür çalışmalaryapıldığı anlatılmıştır. Psikonöroimmünoloji,davranış, beyin ve bağışıklık sisteminin etkileşimini inceleyen alan olarak tanımlanmaktadır.Bu alandaki ilk çalışma bağışıklık sistemi işlevlerinin klasik koşullama ile değiştirilebileceğiniispatlamıştır. Bu alandaki diğer çalışmalar dagöstermiştir ki; öğrenme beynin fonksiyonlarından biri olduğu için beyin ve bağışıklık sistemi arasında bir bağlantı vardır. Bağışıklık sistemi ve merkezi sinir sistemi ve dolayısıylaöğrenme süreçleri arasında bağlantı olduğuhem deney hayvanları hem de insanlarda yapılan çalışmalarla kanıtlanmıştır. Psikonöroimmünoloji beyin ve bağışıklık sistemi arasındaki bağı inceleyen alan olarak tanımlandığından, bu bağın kuramsal sonucu olarak,stres gibi psikolojik deneyimlerin bağışıklık sisteminin işlevleri üzerinde etkili olabileceği,bunun da hastalık süreci üzerinde bir etkisi olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bu makalede stresin beyne ve bilişe, nasıl ve ne zaman zararlı olduğu tartışılmıştır. Son olarak, günümüzde oldukça popüler bir alan psikonöroimmünolojiyi bekleyen tehlikeler ve bu alanda çalışılan araştırmacıların bilim sınırları içerisinde kalmak için neler yapmaları gerektiği tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psikonöroimmünoloji,stres, bağışıklık sistemi, öğrenme

Kaynakça

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