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The Mediating Role of Cryptocurrency Trading Frequency in the Relationship Between Anxiety, Gambling Behavior, and Problematic Cryptocurrency Trading

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 34 - 46, 31.12.2025

Öz

The present study investigates the associations among problematic cryptocurrency trading (PCT), anxiety, problematic gambling behavior, and cryptocurrency trading frequency in adult men who actively trade cryptocurrencies in Türkiye. It also examines the mediating role of trading frequency within these relationships. The sample consisted of 596 adult male cryptocurrency traders in Türkiye. Data were collected online using the Problematic Cryptocurrency Trading Scale (PCTS), the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a measure of trading frequency. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive associations between PCT and anxiety, problematic gambling, and trading frequency, while age showed a negative relationship with PCT. Subscale analyses demonstrated that withdrawal–tolerance and money-seeking–denial dimensions of PCT were meaningfully related to both anxiety and gambling. General linear model (GLM) mediation analyses indicated that problematic gambling strongly predicted PCT directly, whereas anxiety affected PCT both directly and indirectly through trading frequency. Significant indirect pathways further highlighted trading frequency as a behavioral mechanism reinforcing PCT. Overall, the findings suggest that PCT is a multidimensional psychosocial phenomenon influenced by emotional, behavioral, and contextual factors. The results underscore the importance of assessing PCT in clinical and counseling settings and of developing preventive interventions for individuals at elevated risk.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Istanbul 29 Mayıs University Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2024/05-5).

Kaynakça

  • Akademetre Research. (2021). Paribu kripto para bilinirlik ve algı araştırması. https://www.paribu.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Paribu-Kripto-Para-Bilinirlik-ve-Algi-Araştirmasi-2021-1-1.pdf
  • Andrade, M., & Newall, P. W. S. (2023). Cryptocurrencies as gamblified financial assets and cryptocasinos: Novel risks for a public health approach to gambling. Risks, 11(3), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11030049
  • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4(6), 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
  • Bilici, M. R., & Çevik, S. (2023). Financial literacy and cash holdings in Türkiye. Central Bank Review, 23(4), 100129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2023.100129
  • Brosschot, J. F., Verkuil, B., & Thayer, J. F. (2016). The default response to uncertainty and the importance of perceived safety in anxiety and stress: An evolution-theoretical perspective. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.04.012
  • Brown, K. L., & Russell, A. M. T. (2020). What can be done to reduce the public stigma of gambling disorder? Lessons from other stigmatised conditions. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09890-9
  • Cavicchioli, M., Kraslavski, A., Movalli, M., Maffei, C., & Ogliari, A. (2022). The investigation of mechanisms underlying addictive behaviors: A case-control study. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 40(3), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2021.1989250
  • Chahooki, M. A. Z., Jahanbin, K., & Sutikno, T. (2023). Cryptocurrencies investment framework using sentiment analysis of Twitter influencers. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 30(2), 1068–1079. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i2.pp1068-1079
  • Delfabbro, P., King, D. L., & Williams, J. (2021). The psychology of cryptocurrency trading: Risk and protective factors. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10(2), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00037
  • Delfabbro, P., King, D., Williams, J., & Georgiou, N. (2021). Cryptocurrency trading, gambling and problem gambling. Addictive Behaviors, 122, 107021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107021
  • Di Quirico, R. (2023). Uncertainty, anxiety and the post-pandemic economic environment. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 20(4), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230401
  • Durmuş, E., Ülker, V., Yurumez, Y., & Güneysu, F. (2022). Rapid depreciation of cryptocurrencies and suicide: A case report. Target Medicine Journal. https://doi.org/10.29228/targetmedj.63966
  • Duvarci, İ., Coşkunol, H., Ersoy, M. A., & Varan, A. (1997). DSM-IV and the South Oaks Gambling Screen: Diagnosing and assessing pathological gambling in Turkey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 13(3), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024927115449
  • Duvarci, İ., & Varan, A. (2000). Descriptive features of Turkish pathological gamblers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00195
  • Ecevit, E., Yaprak, Z. Ö., & Çetin, M. (2020). Türkiye’de İşsizliğin Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Analiz. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 117-144.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Hot topics in gambling: Gambling blocking apps, loot boxes, and ‘crypto-trading addiction’. Online Gambling Lawyer, 17(7), 9–11.
  • Gökçe, A. (2022). Üniversite mezunu gençlerde uzun süreli işsizliğin psikolojik yansımaları: Nitel bir araştırma. Emek Araştırma Dergisi, 13(22), 265-288.
  • Jin, X., & Yu, J. (2022). Does communication increase investors’ trading frequency? Evidence from a Chinese social trading platform. Financial Innovation, 8(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00373-2
  • Karlsson, A., & Håkansson, A. (2018). Gambling disorder, increased mortality, suicidality, and associated comorbidity: A longitudinal nationwide register study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(4), 1091–1099. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.112
  • Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(9), 1184–1188. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.144.9.1184
  • Menteş, N., & Bulut, M. (2023). ROC analizi ile sorunlu kripto para ticareti ölçeği için kesme puanının oluşturulması. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 24(4), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1243102
  • Menteş, N., Yolbaş, İ., & Bulut, M. (2021). Development and verification of problematic cryptocurrency trading scale. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 31(3), 310–318.
  • Merkley, K. J., Pacelli, J., Piorkowski, M., & Williams, B. (2024). Crypto-influencers. Review of Accounting Studies, 29(3), 2254–2297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-024-09838-4
  • Oksanen, A., Mantere, E., Vuorinen, I., & Savolainen, I. (2022). Gambling and online trading: Emerging risks of real-time stock and cryptocurrency trading platforms. Public Health, 205, 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.01.027
  • Rijanto, B. P., & Utami, N. (2024). Financial technology, social media influencers, and experience of cryptocurrency investment decisions: Financial literacy’s role. Jurnal Manajemen Maranatha, 23(2), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmm.v23i2.8717
  • Sonkurt, H., & Altınöz, A. (2021). Cryptocurrency investment: A safe venture or a new type of gambling? Journal of Gambling Issues, 47. https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.47.8
  • Statista. (2024). Leading countries in cryptocurrency adoption worldwide 2023. https://www.statista.com/ Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • TÜİK – Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2023). Adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi sonuçları 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684
  • Turan, A., Kokaçya, M. H., Yılmaz, E., & Arı, M. (2024). Relationship of cryptocurrency use with attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms, quality of life and sleep quality in university students. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 14(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.5455/PBS.20240111031440
  • Ulusoy, M., Şahin, N. H., & Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 12(2), 163–172.
  • Wardle, M. C., Webber, H. E., Yoon, J. H., Heads, A. M., Stotts, A. L., Lane, S. D., & Schmitz, J. M. (2024). Behavioral therapies targeting reward mechanisms in substance use disorders. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 173787.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173787
  • Zangeneh, M., Grunfeld, A., & Koenig, S. (2008). Individual factors in the development and maintenance of problem gambling. In M. Zangeneh, A. Blaszczynski, & N. E. Turner (Eds.), In the pursuit of winning (pp. 83–94). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72173-6_5

Anksiyete ve Kumar Davranışı ile Problemli Kripto Para Ticareti Arasındaki İlişkide Kripto Para Ticaret Sıklığının Aracılık Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 34 - 46, 31.12.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de aktif olarak kripto para ticareti yapan yetişkin erkeklerde problemli kripto para ticareti (PCT), anksiyete, problemli kumar davranışı ve kripto para ticareti sıklığı arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Ayrıca işlem sıklığının bu ilişkilerdeki aracılık rolünü değerlendirmektedir. Örneklem, Türkiye’de yaşayan 596 yetişkin erkek kripto para yatırımcısından oluşmuştur. Veriler çevrim içi olarak Problemli Kripto Para Ticareti Ölçeği (PCTS), South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAI) ve işlem sıklığını ölçen bir form kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Korelasyon analizleri, PCT’nin anksiyete, problemli kumar ve işlem sıklığıyla anlamlı ve pozitif ilişkiler gösterdiğini; yaş değişkeniyle ise negatif bir ilişki bulunduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Alt boyut analizleri, PCT’nin çekilme–tolerans ve para arayışı–inkâr boyutlarının hem anksiyete hem de kumar davranışı ile anlamlı biçimde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel doğrusal model (GLM) aracılık analizleri, problemli kumarın PCT’yi güçlü biçimde doğrudan yordadığını; anksiyetenin ise PCT üzerindeki etkisini hem doğrudan hem de işlem sıklığı aracılığıyla dolaylı yollarla sürdürdüğünü göstermiştir. Anlamlı dolaylı etkiler, işlem sıklığının PCT’yi pekiştiren davranışsal bir mekanizma olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Genel olarak bulgular, PCT’nin duygusal, davranışsal ve bağlamsal faktörlerden etkilenen çok boyutlu bir psikososyal olgu olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, PCT’nin klinik ve psikolojik danışma süreçlerinde değerlendirilmesinin önemini vurgulamakta ve risk düzeyi yüksek bireyler için önleyici müdahalelerin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’nun 2024/05-5 sayılı kararı ile etik açıdan uygun bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Akademetre Research. (2021). Paribu kripto para bilinirlik ve algı araştırması. https://www.paribu.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Paribu-Kripto-Para-Bilinirlik-ve-Algi-Araştirmasi-2021-1-1.pdf
  • Andrade, M., & Newall, P. W. S. (2023). Cryptocurrencies as gamblified financial assets and cryptocasinos: Novel risks for a public health approach to gambling. Risks, 11(3), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks11030049
  • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4(6), 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
  • Bilici, M. R., & Çevik, S. (2023). Financial literacy and cash holdings in Türkiye. Central Bank Review, 23(4), 100129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2023.100129
  • Brosschot, J. F., Verkuil, B., & Thayer, J. F. (2016). The default response to uncertainty and the importance of perceived safety in anxiety and stress: An evolution-theoretical perspective. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.04.012
  • Brown, K. L., & Russell, A. M. T. (2020). What can be done to reduce the public stigma of gambling disorder? Lessons from other stigmatised conditions. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09890-9
  • Cavicchioli, M., Kraslavski, A., Movalli, M., Maffei, C., & Ogliari, A. (2022). The investigation of mechanisms underlying addictive behaviors: A case-control study. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 40(3), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2021.1989250
  • Chahooki, M. A. Z., Jahanbin, K., & Sutikno, T. (2023). Cryptocurrencies investment framework using sentiment analysis of Twitter influencers. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 30(2), 1068–1079. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i2.pp1068-1079
  • Delfabbro, P., King, D. L., & Williams, J. (2021). The psychology of cryptocurrency trading: Risk and protective factors. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10(2), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00037
  • Delfabbro, P., King, D., Williams, J., & Georgiou, N. (2021). Cryptocurrency trading, gambling and problem gambling. Addictive Behaviors, 122, 107021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107021
  • Di Quirico, R. (2023). Uncertainty, anxiety and the post-pandemic economic environment. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 20(4), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230401
  • Durmuş, E., Ülker, V., Yurumez, Y., & Güneysu, F. (2022). Rapid depreciation of cryptocurrencies and suicide: A case report. Target Medicine Journal. https://doi.org/10.29228/targetmedj.63966
  • Duvarci, İ., Coşkunol, H., Ersoy, M. A., & Varan, A. (1997). DSM-IV and the South Oaks Gambling Screen: Diagnosing and assessing pathological gambling in Turkey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 13(3), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024927115449
  • Duvarci, İ., & Varan, A. (2000). Descriptive features of Turkish pathological gamblers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00195
  • Ecevit, E., Yaprak, Z. Ö., & Çetin, M. (2020). Türkiye’de İşsizliğin Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Analiz. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 117-144.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Hot topics in gambling: Gambling blocking apps, loot boxes, and ‘crypto-trading addiction’. Online Gambling Lawyer, 17(7), 9–11.
  • Gökçe, A. (2022). Üniversite mezunu gençlerde uzun süreli işsizliğin psikolojik yansımaları: Nitel bir araştırma. Emek Araştırma Dergisi, 13(22), 265-288.
  • Jin, X., & Yu, J. (2022). Does communication increase investors’ trading frequency? Evidence from a Chinese social trading platform. Financial Innovation, 8(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00373-2
  • Karlsson, A., & Håkansson, A. (2018). Gambling disorder, increased mortality, suicidality, and associated comorbidity: A longitudinal nationwide register study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(4), 1091–1099. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.112
  • Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(9), 1184–1188. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.144.9.1184
  • Menteş, N., & Bulut, M. (2023). ROC analizi ile sorunlu kripto para ticareti ölçeği için kesme puanının oluşturulması. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 24(4), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1243102
  • Menteş, N., Yolbaş, İ., & Bulut, M. (2021). Development and verification of problematic cryptocurrency trading scale. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 31(3), 310–318.
  • Merkley, K. J., Pacelli, J., Piorkowski, M., & Williams, B. (2024). Crypto-influencers. Review of Accounting Studies, 29(3), 2254–2297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-024-09838-4
  • Oksanen, A., Mantere, E., Vuorinen, I., & Savolainen, I. (2022). Gambling and online trading: Emerging risks of real-time stock and cryptocurrency trading platforms. Public Health, 205, 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.01.027
  • Rijanto, B. P., & Utami, N. (2024). Financial technology, social media influencers, and experience of cryptocurrency investment decisions: Financial literacy’s role. Jurnal Manajemen Maranatha, 23(2), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmm.v23i2.8717
  • Sonkurt, H., & Altınöz, A. (2021). Cryptocurrency investment: A safe venture or a new type of gambling? Journal of Gambling Issues, 47. https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.47.8
  • Statista. (2024). Leading countries in cryptocurrency adoption worldwide 2023. https://www.statista.com/ Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • TÜİK – Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2023). Adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi sonuçları 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684
  • Turan, A., Kokaçya, M. H., Yılmaz, E., & Arı, M. (2024). Relationship of cryptocurrency use with attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms, quality of life and sleep quality in university students. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 14(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.5455/PBS.20240111031440
  • Ulusoy, M., Şahin, N. H., & Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 12(2), 163–172.
  • Wardle, M. C., Webber, H. E., Yoon, J. H., Heads, A. M., Stotts, A. L., Lane, S. D., & Schmitz, J. M. (2024). Behavioral therapies targeting reward mechanisms in substance use disorders. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 173787.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173787
  • Zangeneh, M., Grunfeld, A., & Koenig, S. (2008). Individual factors in the development and maintenance of problem gambling. In M. Zangeneh, A. Blaszczynski, & N. E. Turner (Eds.), In the pursuit of winning (pp. 83–94). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72173-6_5
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Psikoloji, Psikolojik danışmanlık, Klinik ve Sağlık Psikolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gülşen Topal 0000-0001-7010-3644

Melih Özbek 0000-0001-7578-600X

Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 30 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Topal, G., & Özbek, M. (2025). The Mediating Role of Cryptocurrency Trading Frequency in the Relationship Between Anxiety, Gambling Behavior, and Problematic Cryptocurrency Trading. Klinik ve Ruh Sağlığı Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 5(2), 34-46.