Araştırma Makalesi
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Oikos’tan Politeia’ya: Tragedyanın Politik Ontolojisi ve Egemenliğin Sınırları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1487 - 1498, 31.12.2025

Öz

Bu metin, Antik Yunan dünyasında oikos’tan politeia’ya geçişin yalnızca kurumsal değil, derin bir kavramsal dönüşüm olduğunu savunmaktadır. Arkaik dönemde oikos, hem ekonomik hem de sembolik meşruiyetin temeli, aynı zamanda basileus’un kutsal ve ev merkezli otoritesinin modeli olarak işlev görmüştür. Örneğin Homeros’un Odysseia’sında siyasal düzen, hâlâ büyük ölçüde evin düzeniyle özdeşleşir; krizler polisin değil, oikos’un krizleri olarak sunulur. Yine Yunanlıların koloni kurma terminolojisinde de apoikia ve oikistēs gibi sözcüklerle kamusal otorite ev metaforları üzerinden anlaşılır. Ancak Kleisthenes reformlarıyla beraber Atina, politik kimliği kandaşlık yerine yerel ikamete dayandırarak oikos merkezli egemenlik modelinden kopar. Politeia artık oikos’un genişlemesi değil, onun karşıtı bir ilke olarak tanımlanır; isonomia ve isegoria bu yeni politik alanı şekillendirir. Metin, tragedya örnekleri üzerinden de bu gerilimi görünür kılmaktadır. Odysseia’da oikos’un restorasyonu politik meşruiyeti sağlarken, Sophocles’in Ajax’ında oikos’a yapılan çağrı artık eski siyasal anlamı taşımaz; klasik Atina’da oikos politik alanın dışına itilmiştir. Bu dönüşüm, aristokratik değerlerin yerini kolektif yurttaşlık ideallerine bıraktığını gösterir. Elinizdeki metinde bu bırakma sürecinin analizi Aeschylus’un Oresteia üçlemesi üzerinden yapılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aeschylus. (2013a). Agamemnon. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aeschylus. (2013b).The Libation Bearers. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aeschylus. (2013c). The Eumenides. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer – Sovereign Power and Bare Life. (D. Heller-Roazen, Trans.). Stanford University Press.
  • Andrewes, A. (1963). The Greek Tyrants. Harper & Row.
  • Antonaccio, C. M. (2009). The Western Mediterranean. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 314-329). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Arendt, H. (1998). The Human Condition. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aristotle. (2013). Politics. (C. Lord, Trans.). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Benjamin, W. (2002). Critique of violence. (E. Jephcott, Trans.). İçinde M. Bullock ve M. W. Jennings (Eds.). Selected Writings / Walter Benjamin (ss. 236-252). Harvard University Press.
  • Dillon, M. ve Garland L. (2010). Ancient Greece: Social and Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Alexander the Great. Routledge.
  • Fornara C.W. ve Samons, L.J. (1991). Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles. University of California Press.
  • Ulf, C. (2009). The World of Homer and Hesiod. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 81-99). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Goldhill, S. (2004). Aeschylus: The Oresteia. Cambridge University Press.
  • Grimal, P. (2012). Mitoloji Sözlüğü – Yunan ve Roma. (S. Tamgüç, Çev.). Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Herodotus. (2008). The Histories. (R. Waterfield, Trans.). Oxford University Press. Homer, Odyssey. A. Kahane ve Martin Mueller (Eds.). The Chicago Homer, https://homer.library.northwestern.edu/, last access 20.01.2022, 18: 254-255))
  • Hornblower, S. (1991). Greece: the history of the classical period. İçinde J. Boardman, J. Griffin ve O. Murray (Eds.), The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World (ss. 142-176). Oxford University Press.
  • Malkin, I. (2009). Foundations. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 373-394). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Pomeroy, S.B., Burstein, S.M., Donlan, W. ve Roberts, J.T. (2004). A Brief History of Ancient Greece : Politics, Society, and Culture. Oxford University Press.
  • Powell, B.B. (2012) Klasik Mitoloji. (S. O. Çavuş, Çev.). Bilge Kültür-Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • Raaflaub, K.A. (2008). Poets, lawgivers, and the beginnings of political reflection in archaic Greece. İçinde C. Rowe ve M. Schofield (Eds.) The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought (ss. 23-59). Cambridge University Press.
  • Roman, L. ve Roman, M. (2010). Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology. Infobase Publishing.
  • Sophocles. (2013a). Antigone. (E. Wyckoff, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Sophocles 1. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Sophocles. (2013b). Oedipus the King. (D. Grene, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Sophocles 1. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Sophocles. (1938). Ajax. (R. C. Trevelyan, Trans.). İçinde W. J. Oates ve E. O’Neill, Jr. (Eds.), The Complete Greek Drama (ss. 315-368). Random House.
  • Vernant, J.P. ve Vidal-Naquet, P. (1996). Myth and Tragedy in Ancient Greece. (J. Lloyd, Trans.). Zone Books.
  • Vernant, J.P. (2001). The Universe, the Gods, and Men. (l. Asher, Trans.). Harper Collins Publishers.
  • Vernant, J.P. (1982). The Origins of Greek Thought. Cornell University Press.
  • Whitley, J. (2001). The Archaeology of Ancient Greece. Cambridge University Press.

From Oikos to Politeia: The Political Ontology of Tragedy and the Limits of Sovereignity

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1487 - 1498, 31.12.2025

Öz

This text argues that the shift from oikos to politeia in ancient Greek world is not only institutional but also a profound conceptual transformation. In the archaic world, oikos functioned not only as the site of economic reproduction but also as the symbolic basis of legitimacy. Homeric epics, especially the Odyssey, reveal a world in which political order and household order overlap: crises arise not in the polis but within Odysseus’s oikos. Again, in the colonial terminology of the Greeks, public authority is understood within the frame of house metaphors through the words like apoikia and oikistēs. The democratic reforms of Kleisthenes, however, mark a decisive rupture. By replacing kinship-based tribal structures with territorial demes, the realm of politics was detached from lineage, and politeia ceased to be imagined as an extended household. Whereas the restoration of the oikos produces political legitimacy in the Odyssey, in Sophocles’ Ajax the call to the domain of the oikos no longer bears the old political meaning; in classical Athens oikos is excluded from the domain of the politics. This transformation revals that the aristocratic values are replaced by the collective ideals of citizenship. This article analyses this transformation through the Oresteia trilogy by Aeschylus.

Kaynakça

  • Aeschylus. (2013a). Agamemnon. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aeschylus. (2013b).The Libation Bearers. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aeschylus. (2013c). The Eumenides. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer – Sovereign Power and Bare Life. (D. Heller-Roazen, Trans.). Stanford University Press.
  • Andrewes, A. (1963). The Greek Tyrants. Harper & Row.
  • Antonaccio, C. M. (2009). The Western Mediterranean. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 314-329). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Arendt, H. (1998). The Human Condition. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aristotle. (2013). Politics. (C. Lord, Trans.). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Benjamin, W. (2002). Critique of violence. (E. Jephcott, Trans.). İçinde M. Bullock ve M. W. Jennings (Eds.). Selected Writings / Walter Benjamin (ss. 236-252). Harvard University Press.
  • Dillon, M. ve Garland L. (2010). Ancient Greece: Social and Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Alexander the Great. Routledge.
  • Fornara C.W. ve Samons, L.J. (1991). Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles. University of California Press.
  • Ulf, C. (2009). The World of Homer and Hesiod. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 81-99). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Goldhill, S. (2004). Aeschylus: The Oresteia. Cambridge University Press.
  • Grimal, P. (2012). Mitoloji Sözlüğü – Yunan ve Roma. (S. Tamgüç, Çev.). Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Herodotus. (2008). The Histories. (R. Waterfield, Trans.). Oxford University Press. Homer, Odyssey. A. Kahane ve Martin Mueller (Eds.). The Chicago Homer, https://homer.library.northwestern.edu/, last access 20.01.2022, 18: 254-255))
  • Hornblower, S. (1991). Greece: the history of the classical period. İçinde J. Boardman, J. Griffin ve O. Murray (Eds.), The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World (ss. 142-176). Oxford University Press.
  • Malkin, I. (2009). Foundations. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 373-394). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Pomeroy, S.B., Burstein, S.M., Donlan, W. ve Roberts, J.T. (2004). A Brief History of Ancient Greece : Politics, Society, and Culture. Oxford University Press.
  • Powell, B.B. (2012) Klasik Mitoloji. (S. O. Çavuş, Çev.). Bilge Kültür-Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • Raaflaub, K.A. (2008). Poets, lawgivers, and the beginnings of political reflection in archaic Greece. İçinde C. Rowe ve M. Schofield (Eds.) The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought (ss. 23-59). Cambridge University Press.
  • Roman, L. ve Roman, M. (2010). Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology. Infobase Publishing.
  • Sophocles. (2013a). Antigone. (E. Wyckoff, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Sophocles 1. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Sophocles. (2013b). Oedipus the King. (D. Grene, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Sophocles 1. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Sophocles. (1938). Ajax. (R. C. Trevelyan, Trans.). İçinde W. J. Oates ve E. O’Neill, Jr. (Eds.), The Complete Greek Drama (ss. 315-368). Random House.
  • Vernant, J.P. ve Vidal-Naquet, P. (1996). Myth and Tragedy in Ancient Greece. (J. Lloyd, Trans.). Zone Books.
  • Vernant, J.P. (2001). The Universe, the Gods, and Men. (l. Asher, Trans.). Harper Collins Publishers.
  • Vernant, J.P. (1982). The Origins of Greek Thought. Cornell University Press.
  • Whitley, J. (2001). The Archaeology of Ancient Greece. Cambridge University Press.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1487 - 1498, 31.12.2025

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aeschylus. (2013a). Agamemnon. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aeschylus. (2013b).The Libation Bearers. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aeschylus. (2013c). The Eumenides. (R. Lattimore, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Aeschylus 2: The Oresteia. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer – Sovereign Power and Bare Life. (D. Heller-Roazen, Trans.). Stanford University Press.
  • Andrewes, A. (1963). The Greek Tyrants. Harper & Row.
  • Antonaccio, C. M. (2009). The Western Mediterranean. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 314-329). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Arendt, H. (1998). The Human Condition. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aristotle. (2013). Politics. (C. Lord, Trans.). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Benjamin, W. (2002). Critique of violence. (E. Jephcott, Trans.). İçinde M. Bullock ve M. W. Jennings (Eds.). Selected Writings / Walter Benjamin (ss. 236-252). Harvard University Press.
  • Dillon, M. ve Garland L. (2010). Ancient Greece: Social and Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Alexander the Great. Routledge.
  • Fornara C.W. ve Samons, L.J. (1991). Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles. University of California Press.
  • Ulf, C. (2009). The World of Homer and Hesiod. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 81-99). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Goldhill, S. (2004). Aeschylus: The Oresteia. Cambridge University Press.
  • Grimal, P. (2012). Mitoloji Sözlüğü – Yunan ve Roma. (S. Tamgüç, Çev.). Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Herodotus. (2008). The Histories. (R. Waterfield, Trans.). Oxford University Press. Homer, Odyssey. A. Kahane ve Martin Mueller (Eds.). The Chicago Homer, https://homer.library.northwestern.edu/, last access 20.01.2022, 18: 254-255))
  • Hornblower, S. (1991). Greece: the history of the classical period. İçinde J. Boardman, J. Griffin ve O. Murray (Eds.), The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World (ss. 142-176). Oxford University Press.
  • Malkin, I. (2009). Foundations. İçinde K. Raaflaub ve H. van Wees (Eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece (ss. 373-394). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Pomeroy, S.B., Burstein, S.M., Donlan, W. ve Roberts, J.T. (2004). A Brief History of Ancient Greece : Politics, Society, and Culture. Oxford University Press.
  • Powell, B.B. (2012) Klasik Mitoloji. (S. O. Çavuş, Çev.). Bilge Kültür-Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • Raaflaub, K.A. (2008). Poets, lawgivers, and the beginnings of political reflection in archaic Greece. İçinde C. Rowe ve M. Schofield (Eds.) The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought (ss. 23-59). Cambridge University Press.
  • Roman, L. ve Roman, M. (2010). Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology. Infobase Publishing.
  • Sophocles. (2013a). Antigone. (E. Wyckoff, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Sophocles 1. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Sophocles. (2013b). Oedipus the King. (D. Grene, Trans.). İçinde D. Greene ve R. Lattimore (Eds.), Sophocles 1. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Sophocles. (1938). Ajax. (R. C. Trevelyan, Trans.). İçinde W. J. Oates ve E. O’Neill, Jr. (Eds.), The Complete Greek Drama (ss. 315-368). Random House.
  • Vernant, J.P. ve Vidal-Naquet, P. (1996). Myth and Tragedy in Ancient Greece. (J. Lloyd, Trans.). Zone Books.
  • Vernant, J.P. (2001). The Universe, the Gods, and Men. (l. Asher, Trans.). Harper Collins Publishers.
  • Vernant, J.P. (1982). The Origins of Greek Thought. Cornell University Press.
  • Whitley, J. (2001). The Archaeology of Ancient Greece. Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eskiçağ Felsefesi, Siyasal Teori ve Siyaset Felsefesi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Abdurrahman Aydın 0000-0001-9443-4536

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, A. (2025). Oikos’tan Politeia’ya: Tragedyanın Politik Ontolojisi ve Egemenliğin Sınırları. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(3), 1487-1498.

KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi ULAKBİM-TR Dizin tarafından dizinlenen hakemli ve bilimsel bir dergidir.