Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zinciri Uygulamaları ve Dış Kaynak Kullanımının İşletme Performansına Etkisi: Otomotiv Sektöründe Bir Araştırma

Öz

Son yıllarda paydaşlardan gelen baskıların artması işletmeleri ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel konularda daha duyarlı olmaya itmiştir. Bu noktada işletmeler, tedarik zinciri faaliyetlerini sürdürülebilirlik anlayışı içerisinde gerçekleştirmeye başlamışlardır. Bu anlayışı benimseyen işletmeler rakiplerine karşı rekabet avantajı elde edebilmektedirler. Bununla beraber işletmeler açısından dış kaynak kullanımı konusu da önemli kazanımlar elde edebilecekleri bir alan olarak görülmektedir. Dış kaynak kullanımı sayesinde işletmeler temel yeteneklere odaklanabilme, ek maliyetlerden kurtulma, verimlilik artışı ve süreçlerde etkinlik sağlanması gibi faydalar sağlayabilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri uygulamaları, dış kaynak kullanımı ve işletme performansı arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırma Konya ilinde otomotiv sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmeler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve verilerin toplanmasında anket yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Yapısal eşitlik modeli ile hipotezler test edilmiş ve sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri uygulamaları ve dış kaynak kullanımı faaliyetlerinin işletme performansına pozitif bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi
• Dış Kaynak Kullanımı

The Impact of Sustainable Supply Chain Applications and Outsourcing on Business Performance: A Research in the Automotive Sector

Öz

In recent years increasing pressures from stakeholders have led businesses to become more sensitive to economic, social and environmental issues. At this point, enterprises have started to carry out their supply chain activities in the sense of sustainability. Businesses that adopt this understanding can gain a competitive advantage over their competitors. At the same time, outsourcing is also seen as an important area for businesses. Through outsourcing, businesses can provide benefits such as focusing on core competencies, avoiding additional costs, increasing productivity and ensuring process efficiency. In this study, the relationships between sustainable supply chain applications, outsourcing and business performance are examined. The research was conducted on the enterprises operating in the automotive sector in Konya and the questionnaire method was used to collect the data. The hypotheses were tested with the structural equation model and it was concluded that sustainable supply chain practices and outsourcing activities had a positive effect on business performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Supply Chain Management
• Sustainability
• Sustainable Supply Chain Management
• Outsourcing.

Kaynakça

1. Acar, Durmuş, ve Ateş, Burcu Aslantaş, (2011), “Tedarik Zincirinin Temel Faaliyetlerinde Dış Kaynak Kullanımı: Tekstil-Konfeksiyon Sektörü İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi / Financial Analysis, (106), 17-46.
2. Ageron, Blandine, Gunasekaran, Angappa, ve Spalanzani, Alain, (2012), “Sustainable Supply Management: An Empirical Study”, International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), 168-182.
3. Ahi, Payman, ve Searcy, Cory, (2013), “A Comparative Literature Analysis of Definitions For Green and Sustainable Supply Chain Management”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, 329-341.
4. Alpay, Güven, Bodur, Muzaffer, Yılmaz, Cengiz, Çetinkaya, Saadet ve Arıkan, Laçin, (2008), “Performance Implications of İnstitutionalization Process in Family-Owned Businesses: Evidence From an Emerging Economy”, Journal Of World Business, 43(4), 435-448.
5. Ayyıldız, Hasan, Cengiz, Ekrem, ve Ustasüleyman, Talha, (2006), “Üretim ve Pazarlama Bölüm Çalışanları Arası Davranışsal Değişkenlerin Firma Performansı Üzerine Etkisine İlişkin Yapısal Bir Model Önerisi”, Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (İLKE), (17), 21-38.
6. Bag, Surajit, (2014), “Impact of Sustainable Supply Chain Management on Organization Performance: Mediating Effect of Leadership”, Indian Journal of Management Science, 4(3), 10-25.
7. Beamon, Benita M. (1999), “Designing The Green Supply Chain”, Logistics Information Management, 12(4), 332-342.
8. Bolat, Tamer ve Yılmaz, Özgür, (2009), “The Relationship Between Outsourcing and Organizational Performance: Is it Myth or Reality for The Hotel Sector?”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(1), 7-23.

9. Boone, Tonya, Vaidyanathan, Jayaraman, ve Ganeshan, Ram (Ed), (2012), Sustainable Supply Chains: Models, Methods, and Public Policy Implications (Vol. 174). Springer Science and Business Media.
10. Chardine-Baumann, Emilie, ve Botta-Genoulaz, Valerie, (2014), “A Framework For Sustainable Performance Assessment of Supply Chain Management Practices”, Computers and Industrial Engineering, 76, 138-147.
11. Cho, Joong-Kun, Jay, (2001), Firm Performance in The E-Commerce Market: The Role of Logistics Capabilities and Logistics Outsourcing, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Arkansas, USA.
12. Croxton, Keely L., Garcia-Dastugue, Sebastian J., Lambert, Dougles M., ve Rogers, Dale S. (2001), “The Supply Chain Management Processes”, The International Journal of Logistics Management, 12(2), 13-36.
13. Eltantawy, Reham, (2011), “Supply Management Governance Role in Supply Chain Risk Management and Sustainability”, In Supply Chain Management-New Perspectives. In Tech, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221915217 Supply_Management_Governance_Role_in_Supply_Chain_Risk_Management_and_Sustainability, (28.06.2017).
14. Eser, Zeliha, Işın, F. Bahar ve Tolon, Metehan (2011), “Perceptions of Marketing Academics, Neurologists, and Marketing Professionals About Neuromarketing”, Journal of Marketing Management, 27(7-8), 854-868.
15. Giannakis, Mihalis, ve Papadopoulos, Thanos, (2016), “Supply Chain Sustainability: A Risk Management Approach”, International Journal of Production Economics, 171, 455-470.
16. Gopal, PRC, ve Thakkar, Jitesh (2015), “Development of Composite Sustainable Supply Chain Performance Index For The Automobile Industry”, International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 8(6), 366-385.
17. Gopalakrishnan, Kavitha, Yusuf Yahaya Y., Musa, Ahmed, Abubakar, Tijjani ve Ambursa, Hafsat M. (2012), “Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Case Study of British Aerospace (BAE) Systems”, International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), 193-203.
18. Govindan, Kannan, Azevedo, Susana G., Carvalho, Helena ve Cruz-Machado, Virgilio (2014), “Impact of Supply Chain Management Practices on Sustainability”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 85, 212-225.
19. Hilletofth, Per ve Hilmola, Olli-Pekka (2010), “Role of Logistics Outsourcing on Supply Chain Strategy and Management: Survey Findings From Northern Europe”, Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal, 3(1), 46-61.
20. Hussain, Matloub, Khan, Mehmood ve Al-Aomar, Raid (2016), “A Framework for Supply Chain Sustainability in Service Industry With Confirmatory Factor Analysis”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 1301-1312.
21. Jellali, Ahlem ve Benaissa, Mounir (2015), “Sustainable Performance Evaluation of The Supply Chain”, In 4th International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport (ICALT), Mayıs, Valenciennes, Fransa, 151-156.
22. Kadakal, Hatice Esin (2007), “Dış Kaynak Kullanımı Uygulamalarının İşletme Performansına Etkisi ve İstanbul Tekstilkent’te Bir Araştırma”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kırıkkale.
23. Kara, Hatice Sibel (2007), “Lojistik Dış Kaynaklama Uygulamalarının Örgüt Performansı Üzerine Etkileri”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Manisa.
24. Karagöz, Yalçın (2017), Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 1. Baskı, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
25. Koçel, Tamer (2013), İşletme Yöneticiliği, 14. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
26. Kumar, Divesh ve Rahman, Zillur (2017). “Analyzing Enablers of Sustainable Supply Chain: ISM and Fuzzy AHP Approach”, Journal of Modelling in Management, 12(3), 498-524.
27. Kumari, Sushma, Singh, Akshit, Mishra, Nishikant ve Garza-Reyes, Jose Arturo (2015), “A Multi-Agent Architecture for Outsourcing Smes Manufacturing Supply Chain”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 36, 36-44.
28. Labuschagne, Carin, Brent, Alan C. ve Van Erck, Ron PG. (2005), “Assessing The Sustainability Performances of Industries”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(4), 373-385.
29. Lacity, Mary C. ve Hirschheim, Rudy (1993), “The Information Systems Outsourcing Bandwagon”, Sloan Management Review, 35, 73-87.
30. Lankford, William M., ve Parsa, Faramarz (1999), “Outsourcing: A Primer”, Management Decision, 37(4), 310-316.
31. McCarthy, Ian ve Anagnostou, Angela (2004), “The Impact of Outsourcing on The Transaction Costs and Boundaries of Manufacturing”, International Journal of Production Economics, 88(1), 61-71.
32. Mersin, Doğan N., (2005), “Bilgi Teknolojilerinde Dış Kaynak Kullanımı, Yararları ve Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekli Noktalar”, Outsourcing Dergisi, (11).
33. Meutcheho, Jean-Paul (2016), “A Mixed Methods Analysis of Professionals' Perceptions of the Impact of Sustainable Supply Chain Management on Company Performance”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Lawrence Technological University, USA.
34. Moosavirad, Seyed Hamed, Kara, Sami ve Hauschild, Michael Zwicky (2014), “Long Term Impacts of International Outsourcing of Manufacturing on Sustainability”, CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 63(1), 41-44.
35. Morali, Oğuz ve Searcy, Cory (2013), “A Review of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices in Canada”, Journal of Business Ethics, 117(3), 635-658.
36. Mothilal, Sivasamy, Gunasekaran, Angappa, Nachiappan, Subramanian ve Jayaram, Jayanth (2012), “Key Success Factors and Their Performance Implications in The Indian Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Industry”, International Journal of Production Research, 50(9), 2407-2422.
37. Mukhopadhyay, Samar K., ve Setaputra, Robert (2006), “The Role of 4PL as The Reverse Logistics Integrator: Optimal Pricing and Return Policies”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 36(9), 716-729.
38. Onay, Meltem ve Kara, Sibel (2009), “Lojistik Dış Kaynaklama Uygulamalarının Örgüt Performansı Üzerine Etkileri”, Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 9(2), 593-622.
39. Ortas, Eduardo, Moneva, Jose M. ve Álvarez, Igor (2014), “Sustainable Supply Chain and Company Performance: A Global Examination”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(3), 332-350.
40. Özbay, Tanju (2004), “Sorularla Dış Kaynak Kullanımı (Outsourcing)”, İTO Yayınları, Yayın no: 2004-27, 1-53.
41. Öztürk, Azim ve Sezgili, Konuralp (2002), “Dış Kaynaklardan Yararlanmanın Yeni Bir Rekabet Stratejisi Olarak Kullanılması ve Uygulama Süreci”, Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 127-142.
42. Patil, Gaurav B. ve Dolas, Dhananjay R., (2015), “Role of Third Party Logistics in Supply Chain Management”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(8), 586-590.
43. Rao, Purba ve Holt, Diane (2005), “Do Green Supply Chains Lead to Competitiveness and Economic Performance?”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 25(9), 898-916.
44. Saglietto, Laurence, Fulconis, François ve Paché, Gilles (2007), “4PL and Models of Strategic Alignment. A Research Note”, Netcom. Réseaux, Communication et Territoires, (21-3/4), 395-406.
45. Sağbaş, Murat (2015), “Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Bilgi Teknolojileri, Çeviklik ve Entegrasyonun Operasyonel ve Finansal Performansa Etkisi”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Beykent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
46. Schermelleh-Engel, Karin, Moosbrugger, Helfried ve Müller, Hans (2003), “Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-Of-Fit Measures”, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
47. Schrettle, Stefan, Hinz, Andreas, Scherrer-Rathje, Maike ve Friedli, Thomas (2014), “Turning Sustainability into Action: Explaining Firms' Sustainability Efforts And Their Impact On Firm Performance”, International Journal of Production Economics, 147, 73-84.
48. Subramanian, Nachiappan ve Gunasekaran, Angappa (2015), “Cleaner Supply-Chain Management Practices For Twenty-First-Century Organizational Competitiveness: Practice-Performance Framework and Research Propositions”, International Journal of Production Economics, 164, 216-233.
49. Taşlıyan, Mustafa, Çiçeklioğlu, Hüseyin ve Yılmaz, Ömer İhsan (2016), “Lojistik Yönetiminde Dış Kaynak Kullanımının Önemi”, International Journal of Academic Values Studies, (6), 35-55.
50. Taticchi, Paolo, Tonelli, Flavio ve Pasqualino, Roberto (2013), “Performance Measurement of Sustainable Supply Chains: A Literature Review and A Research Agenda”, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(8), 782-804.
51. Tezcan, Cem (2008), “Yapısal Eşitlik Modelleri”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
52. Walker, Helen, ve Brammer, Stephen (2009), “Sustainable Procurement in The United Kingdom Public Sector”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 14(2), 128-137.
53. Walker, Helen ve Jones, Neil (2012), “Sustainable Supply Chain Management Across The UK Private Sector”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 15-28.
54. Wilding, Richard ve Juriado, Rein (2004), “Customer Perceptions on Logistics Outsourcing in The European Consumer Goods Industry”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 34(8), 628-644.
55. Yang, Xu (2014), “Status of Third Party Logistics–A Comprehensive Review”, Journal of Logistics Management, 3(1), 17-20.
56. Yavaş, Gülizar (2011), “İşletmelerin Rekabet Stratejilerinde Dış Kaynak Kullanımı: Dış Kaynak Kullanımını Motive Eden Faktörler ve Riskleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
57. Yılmaz, Nadiye (2013), “Dış Kaynak Kullanımı (Outsourcing) ve Hastanelerde Dış Kaynak Kullanımı”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Beykent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
58. Zailani, Suhaiza, Jeyaraman, Krishnaswamy, Vengadasan, G., ve Premkumar, R. (2012), “Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) in Malaysia: A Survey”, International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), 330-340.
59. Zalluhoğlu, Ali Erhan (2007), “Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Dış Kaynak Kullanımı”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
60. Zalluhoğlu, Ali Erhan ve Dedeoğlu, Ayla Özhan (2011), “Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Dış Kaynak Kullanımı: Otomotiv Sektörü Üzerine Alan Araştırması”, Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 49-63.
61. Zhu, Quinghua ve Sarkis, Joseph (2004), “Relationships Between Operational Practices and Performance Among Early Adopters of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises”, Journal of Operations Management, 22(3), 265-289.