Araştırma Makalesi
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Finlandiya Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi

Yıl 2020, , 600 - 624, 20.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.721284

Öz

Erken çocukluk eğitimi tüm dünyada üzerinde önemle durulan eğitim basamaklarından biridir. Ülkelerin bu konuda birbirlerini etkilemeleri programların geliştirilmesi açısından vazgeçilmez bir unsurdur. Finlandiya’nın son yıllarda eğitimdeki başarısı eğitim programları için örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın amacı Finlandiya erken çocukluk eğitimini çeşitli değişkenler (amacı, dili, süresi, kapsamı vb.) açısından incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada Finlandiya erken çocukluk eğitimi derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulguların sonuçlarına göre; Finlandiya’da erken çocukluk eğitimi yerel yönetimlerin sorumluluğunda ebeveynlerin yükümlülüğüne bırakılmıştır. Erken çocukluk eğitimi anaokullarında verilen okul öncesi eğitim, gündüz bakım ve aile gündüz bakım evlerinde gerçekleştirilen etkinlikler ve açık havada ya da uygun mekânlarda yapılan aktivitelerle gerçekleşmektedir. Okul öncesi eğitim zorunlu eğitime başlanmadan bir önceki yıl Fince, İsveççe ve Sami dillerinde ücretsiz olarak yürütülmektedir. Programın temel hedefi aile ile iş birliği içinde, çocuğun büyüme, gelişme ve öğrenme koşullarını iyileştirmek, oyun ve olumlu öğrenme deneyimleri ile çocukların sosyal becerilerini geliştirerek olumlu benlik algısını güçlendirmektir. Bu amaçla müzikal, güzel sanatlar, el sanatları, sözlü ve fiziksel anlatım, matematik etkinlikleri, teknoloji ve çevre etkinlikleri, fiziksel aktivite, gıda, tüketim, sağlık ve güvenlik etkinlikleri planlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Alasuutari, Maarit - , Karila, Kiristi - Alila, Kirsi - Eskelinen, Mervi (2014). Vaikuta varhaiskasvatukseen: Lasten ja vanhempien kuuleminen osana varhaiskasvatuksen lainsäädäntöprosessia. Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön työryhmämuistioitaja-selvityksiä 2014:13. Helsinki: Opetus-ja kulttuuriministeriö.
  • Ertürk, Selahatin. (1972). Eğitimde program geliştirme. Ankara: Nadir Kitabevi.
  • Finnish National Agency for Education. Finnish Education in a Nutshell. Education in Finland
  • Finnish National Board of Education (2010). National Core Curriculum for Pre-primary Education.
  • Heckman, James. (2011). The Economics of Inequality. The Value of Early Childhood Education. American Educator.(Spring 2011) 31–47.
  • Heckman, James - Pinto, Rodrigo - Savelev, Peter. (2013). Understanding the Mechanism Trough Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes. American Economic Review 103 (6), 2052–2086.
  • Hodder, Ian. (2002). The Interpretation of Documents and Material Culture. In D. Weinberg (Eds.). Qualitative Research Methods. (S. 266- 279). Oxford: Blackwell Publications.
  • https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/early-childhood-education-and-care-25_en erişim tarihi 15.04.2020
  • Jensen, J. J. (2011). Understandings of Danish pedagogical practices. Teoksessa C. Cameron & P. Moss (toim.) Social Pedagogy and Working with Children and Young People. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 141–157.
  • Karila, Kiristi. (2016). Vaıkuttava Varhaıskasvatus Tılannekatsaus. Opetushallitus Ja Tekijät, Helsinki.
  • Laevers, Ferre. (2011). Experiential Education: making care and education more effective through well being and involvement. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development: Montreal, Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. Luettavissa: www.child-encyclopedia.com/documents/LaeversANGxp1.pdf
  • Ministry Of Social affairs And Health, (2002). Early Childhood Education and Care in Finland, Brochures of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki 2002:3
  • OECD (2018). PISA 2018 http://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/2018database/ Opetushallitus,Varhaıskasvatussuunnıtel Rahoitus Perusteet 2018, Määräykset ja ohjeet 2018:3a, PunaMusta Oy, Helsinki 2019 [Erken Çocukluk Eğitiminin Temelleri, 2018]
  • Opetushallitus, Esıopetuksen Opetussuunnıtelman Perusteet, 2014 Määräykset ja ohjeet 2016:1, Suomen Yliopistopaino Oy, Tampere 2016 [Okul Öncesi Eğitim Müfredatının Temelleri,2014]
  • Peruskoululaki, (2019). 19. Joulukuuta 2019, Helsinki [Temel Eğitim Yasası, 19 Aralık 2019, Helsinki]
  • Pramling-Samuelsson, Ingrid - Williams, Pia - Sheridan, Sonja - Hellman, Anette. (2015). Swedish preschool teachers’ ideas of the ideal preschool group. Journal of Early Childhood Research. 1–17.
  • Rogoff, Barbara - Moore, L., Najafi, B., Dexter, A., Correa-Chàvez, M. & Solis, J. (2005). Children’s development of cultural repertoires through participation in everyday routines and practices. Teoksessa J. Grusec & P. Hastings (toim.) Handbook of socialization. New York: Guilford.
  • STAKES, (2005). Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelman perusteet. Stakes oppaita 56, Saarijärvi 2005: Gummerus kirjapaino. [Erken çocukluk eğitiminin temelleri planı]
  • Sammons, Pam - Sylva, Kathy - Melhuish, Edvard - Siraj, Iram - Taggart, Brenda - Smees, Rebecca - Toth, Katalin. (2014). Influences on students’ social-behavioural development at age 16: Effective pre-school, primary and secondary education project (EPPSE). DfE Research Brief RB351. DfE: London.
  • Sosiaali- Ja Terveysministeriön, (2002). Varhaiskasvatuksen valtakunnallisista linjauksista. Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön julkaisuja Helsinki, 2002:9 [Erken çocukluk eğitimi yönergeleri]
  • Strandell, Harriet. (2011). Policies of Early Childhood Education and Care – Partnership, and Individualisation. Teoksessa A. T. Kjørholt & J. Qvortrup (toim.) The Modern Child and the Flexible Labour Market: Child Care Policies and Practices at a Crossroad Basingstoke: PalgraveMacmillan, 222–240.
  • Suomen lastensuojelulaki (2007). [Çocuk ve ergenler için refah planı]
  • Sylva, Kathy - Melhuish, Edward - Sammons, Pam - Siraj-Blatchford, Iram - Taggart, Brenda. (2004). The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project. Effective Pre-School Education. London: DfES /Institute of Education, University of London
  • Varhaiskasvatuslaki (2018), 13. Heinäkuuta 2018, Helsinki [Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Yasası, 13 Temmuz 2018, Helsinki]
  • Yıldırım, Ali - Şimşek, Hasan. (2011). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (8. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Early Childhood Education In Finland

Yıl 2020, , 600 - 624, 20.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.721284

Öz

Early childhood education is one of the education steps that is emphasized all over the world. The fact that countries affect each other in this regard is an indispensable element for the development of programs. Finland's success in education in recent years also sets an example for educational programs. In this context, the purpose of this study is to examine Finnish early childhood education in terms of various variables (purpose, language, duration, scope, etc.). In this study, in which document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, Finland early childhood education was examined in depth. According to the results of the findings obtained from the research; In Finland, early childhood education is left to the responsibility of parents under the responsibility of local governments. Early childhood education takes place through preschool education, day care and family day care homes and activities carried out outdoors or in suitable places in kindergartens. Preschool education is carried out in the previous year as a part of early childhood education, before compulsory education begins. Preschool education is carried out free of charge in Finnish, Swedish and Sami languages. The main goal of the program is to improve the child's growth, development and learning conditions in cooperation with the family, to strengthen the social skills of children and positive self-perception of the child through play and positive learning experiences. For this purpose, musical, fine arts, handicrafts, oral and physical expression, mathematics activities, technology and environmental activities, physical activity, food, consumption, health and safety activities are planned.

Kaynakça

  • Alasuutari, Maarit - , Karila, Kiristi - Alila, Kirsi - Eskelinen, Mervi (2014). Vaikuta varhaiskasvatukseen: Lasten ja vanhempien kuuleminen osana varhaiskasvatuksen lainsäädäntöprosessia. Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön työryhmämuistioitaja-selvityksiä 2014:13. Helsinki: Opetus-ja kulttuuriministeriö.
  • Ertürk, Selahatin. (1972). Eğitimde program geliştirme. Ankara: Nadir Kitabevi.
  • Finnish National Agency for Education. Finnish Education in a Nutshell. Education in Finland
  • Finnish National Board of Education (2010). National Core Curriculum for Pre-primary Education.
  • Heckman, James. (2011). The Economics of Inequality. The Value of Early Childhood Education. American Educator.(Spring 2011) 31–47.
  • Heckman, James - Pinto, Rodrigo - Savelev, Peter. (2013). Understanding the Mechanism Trough Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes. American Economic Review 103 (6), 2052–2086.
  • Hodder, Ian. (2002). The Interpretation of Documents and Material Culture. In D. Weinberg (Eds.). Qualitative Research Methods. (S. 266- 279). Oxford: Blackwell Publications.
  • https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/early-childhood-education-and-care-25_en erişim tarihi 15.04.2020
  • Jensen, J. J. (2011). Understandings of Danish pedagogical practices. Teoksessa C. Cameron & P. Moss (toim.) Social Pedagogy and Working with Children and Young People. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 141–157.
  • Karila, Kiristi. (2016). Vaıkuttava Varhaıskasvatus Tılannekatsaus. Opetushallitus Ja Tekijät, Helsinki.
  • Laevers, Ferre. (2011). Experiential Education: making care and education more effective through well being and involvement. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development: Montreal, Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. Luettavissa: www.child-encyclopedia.com/documents/LaeversANGxp1.pdf
  • Ministry Of Social affairs And Health, (2002). Early Childhood Education and Care in Finland, Brochures of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki 2002:3
  • OECD (2018). PISA 2018 http://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/2018database/ Opetushallitus,Varhaıskasvatussuunnıtel Rahoitus Perusteet 2018, Määräykset ja ohjeet 2018:3a, PunaMusta Oy, Helsinki 2019 [Erken Çocukluk Eğitiminin Temelleri, 2018]
  • Opetushallitus, Esıopetuksen Opetussuunnıtelman Perusteet, 2014 Määräykset ja ohjeet 2016:1, Suomen Yliopistopaino Oy, Tampere 2016 [Okul Öncesi Eğitim Müfredatının Temelleri,2014]
  • Peruskoululaki, (2019). 19. Joulukuuta 2019, Helsinki [Temel Eğitim Yasası, 19 Aralık 2019, Helsinki]
  • Pramling-Samuelsson, Ingrid - Williams, Pia - Sheridan, Sonja - Hellman, Anette. (2015). Swedish preschool teachers’ ideas of the ideal preschool group. Journal of Early Childhood Research. 1–17.
  • Rogoff, Barbara - Moore, L., Najafi, B., Dexter, A., Correa-Chàvez, M. & Solis, J. (2005). Children’s development of cultural repertoires through participation in everyday routines and practices. Teoksessa J. Grusec & P. Hastings (toim.) Handbook of socialization. New York: Guilford.
  • STAKES, (2005). Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelman perusteet. Stakes oppaita 56, Saarijärvi 2005: Gummerus kirjapaino. [Erken çocukluk eğitiminin temelleri planı]
  • Sammons, Pam - Sylva, Kathy - Melhuish, Edvard - Siraj, Iram - Taggart, Brenda - Smees, Rebecca - Toth, Katalin. (2014). Influences on students’ social-behavioural development at age 16: Effective pre-school, primary and secondary education project (EPPSE). DfE Research Brief RB351. DfE: London.
  • Sosiaali- Ja Terveysministeriön, (2002). Varhaiskasvatuksen valtakunnallisista linjauksista. Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön julkaisuja Helsinki, 2002:9 [Erken çocukluk eğitimi yönergeleri]
  • Strandell, Harriet. (2011). Policies of Early Childhood Education and Care – Partnership, and Individualisation. Teoksessa A. T. Kjørholt & J. Qvortrup (toim.) The Modern Child and the Flexible Labour Market: Child Care Policies and Practices at a Crossroad Basingstoke: PalgraveMacmillan, 222–240.
  • Suomen lastensuojelulaki (2007). [Çocuk ve ergenler için refah planı]
  • Sylva, Kathy - Melhuish, Edward - Sammons, Pam - Siraj-Blatchford, Iram - Taggart, Brenda. (2004). The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project. Effective Pre-School Education. London: DfES /Institute of Education, University of London
  • Varhaiskasvatuslaki (2018), 13. Heinäkuuta 2018, Helsinki [Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Yasası, 13 Temmuz 2018, Helsinki]
  • Yıldırım, Ali - Şimşek, Hasan. (2011). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (8. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Munise Duran 0000-0001-8912-2669

Ayşe Nazenin Taştekin Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5410-1339

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Duran, M., & Taştekin, A. N. (2020). Finlandiya Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(2), 600-624. https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.721284

KSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi ULAKBİM-TR Dizin tarafından dizinlenen hakemli ve bilimsel bir dergidir.