Eski Mısır’daki Sebaty Metinlerinin Yönetim Anlayışı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 481 - 493, 30.04.2022

Ercüment Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.946064

Öz

Eski Mısır’daki Sebaty Metinleri, halktan insanların yaşamları boyunca nasıl davranması ve kralların tebaasını ne şekilde yönetmesi gerektiğini anlatmayı amaçlanarak yazılmıştır. Sebaty Metinleri’nin bir kısmının krallar ve bilge kişiler tarafından yazılmış olduğu bilinmesine rağmen büyük çoğunluğunun anonim olduğu düşünülmektedir. Eski Mısır inanç sistemine ve Maat anlayışına ters düşmeyecek biçimde yazılan Sebaty Metinleri, günlük hayatın pratik uygulamaları üzerine kurgulanmıştır. İyilik yapmanın ve kötülükten uzak durmanın öncelikli gaye olarak belirlendiği Sebaty Metinlerinde, Mısır inanç sistemine göre doğru davranışlar sergileyenlerin, tanrıların isteklerini yerine getirenlerin bu dünyada uzun ve mutlu bir yaşantı süreceği ve diğer alemde mükafatlandırılacağı belirtilmiştir. Bu durumun tersine tanrıların isteklerine uymayarak diğer insanlara haksızlıklar yapanın bu dünyadaki hayatının kısalacağı ve diğer alemde cezalandırılacağı açıklanmıştır. Eski Mısır’da birçok Sebaty Metni bulunmasına rağmen çalışmamızda yönetim anlayışı hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılabilen Vezir Kagemni’nin Öğretisi”, “Kral Merikare için Öğreti”, “Kral I. Amenemhet’in Oğlu Senusret İçin Öğretisi” ve “Amenemope’nin Talimatı” isimli metinler üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Eski Mısır’daki Sebaty Metinleri’nde, eserin yazarının sahip olduğu tecrübeden hareketle yönetim anlayışını algılayışını ve bu noktadan hareketle krallara verilen öğütlerin muhtevasının nasıl şekillenmiş olduğunu ortaya koymayı amaçlayarak hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sebaty Metinleri, Vezir Kagemni, Kral Merikare, Amenemope

The Consideration of The Sebaty Texts in Ancient Egypt in Terms of Administration Approach

Öz

The Sebaty Texts in Ancient Egypt were written with the aim of explaining how people should behave throughout their lives and how kings should rule their subjects. Although it is known that some of the Sebaty Texts were written by kings and wise people, the majority of them are thought to be anonymous. The Sebaty Texts, written in a way that does not contradict the Ancient Egyptian belief system and the understanding of Maat, are built on the practical applications of daily life. In the Sebaty Texts, in which doing good and avoiding evil are determined as the primary goals, it is stated that those who display the right behaviors according to the Egyptian belief system, those who fulfill the wishes of the gods will have a long and happy life in this world and will be rewarded in the other world. Contrary to this situation, it is explained that those who do injustice to other people by not obeying the wishes of the gods will shorten their life in this world and be punished in the other realm. Although there are many Sebaty Texts in Ancient Egypt, in or study it is focused on textes such as “Teaching of Vizier Kagemni”, “Teaching for King Merikare”, “Teaching of King Amenemhet I for his Son Senusret” and “Instruction of Amenemope” that can comment on administration approach. This study reveals the understanding of management in the Sebaty Texts in Ancient Egypt, based on the experience of the author of the work. From this point of view, the text was prepared with the aim of revealing how the content of the advice given to the kings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sebaty Texts, Vizier Kagemni, King Merikare, Amenemope

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