Araştırma Makalesi
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The Effect of The Kahramanmaras Earthquakes on Changes in Sleep Quality, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels in Patients Admitted to The Faculty Of Dentistry and The Relationship Between The Frequency of Temporomandibular Disorders and Facial Pain

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 103 - 108, 21.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.1499641

Öz

Objective: Psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, and impaired sleep quality associated with natural disasters such as earthquakes can be expected to lead to an increased risk of creating, worsening, and persisting bruxism and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the earthquake on sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress levels of patients admitted to the faculty of dentistry and the relationship between the frequency of temporomandibular disorders and facial pain after the Kahramanmaras earthquakes.

Materials and methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of patients admitted to Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Dentistry. The Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) was used to diagnose temporomandibular disorders. The Turkish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI) was used to assess sleep quality. The Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess depression, stress, and anxiety levels.
Results: The research was conducted on 81 individuals. Of the individuals in the sample included in the research, 66.7% were women. The median age of the individuals was 30.00 (23.00-44.00). The median depression score was 4.00 (2.00-6.00), the median anxiety score was 4.00 (2.00-7.00), the median stress score was 6.00 (3.00-9.00), the median Fonseca score was 25.00 (15.00-45.00) and the median Puki score was 6.00 (4.00-8.00). It was observed that the depression and anxiety scores of women were higher than men, but this difference between genders was not statistically significant. The difference between men and women in terms of stress scores was statistically significant (p=0.011), and it was observed that women were more stressed than men. The difference between men and women in terms of Fonseca scores was found to be significant (p = 0.022). Higher levels of temporomandibular disorders were observed in women. No significant difference was found between men and women in terms of sleep quality.
Conclusion: The earthquake of the century had devastating consequences. These earthquakes, which caused great destruction in every field, increased the depression, anxiety, and stress rates of patients and continue to show their effects in all areas of life.

Destekleyen Kurum

YOK

Proje Numarası

111

Teşekkür

YOK

Kaynakça

  • Ehlers A, Clark DM. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(4):319-45.
  • Almeida-Leite CM, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Conti PCR. How psychosocial and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic can interfere on bruxism and temporomandibular disorders? J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:e20200263.
  • Ugur K, Kartal F, Mete B, Tamam L, Demirkol ME. The Relationship Between Peritraumatic Dissociation and Anxiety Level, Perceived Stress, Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping with Earthquake Stress in Post-Earthquake Acute Stress Disorder Patients. Turk Psikiyatr Derg. 2021;32(4):253-60.
  • Manfredini D, Lombardo L, Siciliani G. Temporomandibular disorders and dental occlusion. A systematic review of association studies: end of an era? J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(11):908-23.
  • De La Torre Canales G, Camara-Souza MB, Munoz Lora VRM, Guarda-Nardini L, Conti PCR, Rodrigues Garcia RM, et al. Prevalence of psychosocial impairment in temporomandibular disorder patients: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(11):881-9.
  • Miglis MG. Autonomic dysfunction in primary sleep disorders. Sleep Med. 2016;19:40-9.
  • Augusto VG, Perina KCB, Penha DSG, Dos Santos DCA, Oliveira VAS. Temporomandibular Dysfunction, Stress and Common Mental Disorders in University Students. Acta Ortop Bras. 2016;24(6):330-3.
  • Yeler DY, Yilmaz N, Koraltan M, Aydin E. A survey on the potential relationships between TMD, possible sleep bruxism, unilateral chewing, and occlusal factors in Turkish university students. Cranio. 2017;35(5):308-14.
  • Lei J, Fu J, Yap AU, Fu KY. Temporomandibular disorders symptoms in Asian adolescents and their association with sleep quality and psychological distress. Cranio. 2016;34(4):242-9.
  • Boscato N, Almeida R, Koller C, Presta A, Goettems M. Influence of anxiety on temporomandibular disorders–an epidemiological survey with elders and adults in S outhern B razil. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(9):643-9.
  • Muller K, Helmes A, Kleischmann A, Graser J, Bengel J. Screening for depression: Psychometric properties of the German version of the Glasgow depression scale for people with a learning disability (individual and carer version). J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2024;37(1):e13157.
  • Ozdemir HNC, Ayran G, Topuz C. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the parental competence scale for parents of children with autism. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;74:122-8.
  • Kinik K, Kuday AD, Caliskan C. Psychological Hardiness and Compassion Satisfaction Among the Turkish Red Crescent: The Case of the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2024;18:e58.
  • Satilmis D, Yildiz E, Cevik E. Posttraumatic stress disorder in health-care workers after two major earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Turk J Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):27-32.
  • Palm KM, Polusny MA, Follette VM. Vicarious traumatization: potential hazards and interventions for disaster and trauma workers. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2004;19(1):73-8.
  • Caramello V, Bertuzzi L, Ricceri F, Albert U, Maina G, Boccuzzi A, et al. The Mass Casualty Incident in Turin, 2017: A Case Study of Disaster Responders' Mental Health in an Italian Level I Hospital. Disaster Med Public. 2019;13(5-6):880-8.
  • Nieh JH, Hsu TH, Cheng HC, Chong KC, Lai PF. 2018 Taiwan Hualien Earthquake-Disaster Lessons We Learned in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital. J Acute Med. 2020;10(4):149-55.
  • Wazani BE, Dodd MN, Milosevic A. The signs and symptoms of tooth wear in a referred group of patients. Br Dent J. 2012;213(6):E10.
  • Worner F, Eger T, Simon U, Wolowski A. Periodontal Disease and Tooth Wear in a Sample of German Soldiers with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021;19:449-56.
  • Tanhan F, Aslan C. Van İli Eğitim Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri Çalıştayı,18-19 Haziran 2012. 1. basım. Van: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi; 2013. 188. sayfa.
  • Öztürk HM, Daymaz D, Kocakaya H, Akkoyun AZ, Saygun M. Trauma symptoms, sleep quality and related factors in the early post-earthquake period. J Palliat Med. 2023;4(5):492-8.
  • Bavafa A, Khazaie H, Khaledi-Paveh B, Rezaie L. The relationship of severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress with sleep quality in earthquake survivors in Kermanshah. J Inj Violence Res. 2019;11(2):225-32.
  • Sharan P, Chaudhary G, Kavathekar SA, Saxena S. Preliminary report of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severe earthquake. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(4):556-8.
  • Boscato N, Almeida RC, Koller CD, Presta AA, Goettems ML. Influence of anxiety on temporomandibular disorders--an epidemiological survey with elders and adults in Southern Brazil. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(9):643-9.
  • Kobayashi FY, Gaviao MB, Montes AB, Marquezin MC, Castelo PM. Evaluation of oro-facial function in young subjects with temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41(7):496-506.
  • Silveira A, Gadotti IC, Armijo-Olivo S, Biasotto-Gonzalez DA, Magee D. Jaw dysfunction is associated with neck disability and muscle tenderness in subjects with and without chronic temporomandibular disorders. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:512792.
  • Geniş B, Hocaoğlu Ç. Temporomandibular bozukluklar ve bruksizmde eşlik eden psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve tedavi seçenekleri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2020;12(2):205-31.
  • Jariyasakulroj S, Mitrirattanakul S. Excessive daytime sleepiness in temporomandibular disorder patients. Cranio. 2020;38(3):144-8.
  • Rener-Sitar K, John MT, Bandyopadhyay D, Howell MJ, Schiffman EL. Exploration of dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in cases with temporomandibular disorders. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:10.
  • Rai B, Kaur J. Association between stress, sleep quality and temporomandibular joint dysfunction: simulated Mars mission. Oman Med J. 2013;28(3):216-9.
  • Smardz J, Martynowicz H, Wojakowska A, Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Mazur G, Wieckiewicz M. Correlation between Sleep Bruxism, Stress, and Depression-A Polysomnographic Study. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9).
  • Polmann H, Domingos FL, Melo G, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Guerra E, Porporatti AL, et al. Association between sleep bruxism and anxiety symptoms in adults: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2019;46(5):482-91.
  • Przystanska A, Jasielska A, Ziarko M, Pobudek-Radzikowska M, Maciejewska-Szaniec Z, Prylinska-Czyzewska A, et al. Psychosocial Predictors of Bruxism. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:2069716.
  • Campos JADB, Gonçalves DAG, Camparis CM, Speciali JG. Reliability of a questionnaire for diagnosing the severity of temporomandibular disorder. Braz J Phys Ther. 2009;13(1):38-43.

Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinin Diş Hekimliği Fakültesine Başvuran Hastalarda Uyku Kalitesi, Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Düzeylerindeki Değişim Üzerine Etkisi Ve Temporomandibuler Bozuklukların ve Yüz Ağrılarının Sıklığı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 103 - 108, 21.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.1499641

Öz

Amaç: Deprem gibi doğal afetlerle ilişkili anksiyete, depresyon, uyku kalitesinin bozulması gibi psikolojik faktörlerin, bruksizm ve temporomandibular eklem disfonksiyonu oluşturma, kötüleştirme ve devam etmesi riskinin artmasına yol açması beklenebilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Kahramanmaraş depremleri sonrasında, depremin diş hekimliği fakültesine başvuran hastaların uyku kalitesi, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerindeki değişim üzerine etkisi ve temporomandibular bozuklukların ve yüz ağrılarının sıklığı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mevcut kesitsel çalışma, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ne başvuran hastalar arasından rastgele seçilen gönüllüler üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Fonseca Anamnestik İndeksi (FAI) temporomandibular bozuklukların tanısında kullanıldı. Uyku kalitesini değerlendirmek için Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi’nin (PUKI) Türkçe versiyonu kullanıldı. Depresyon, stres ve anksiyete düzeylerini değerlendirmek için Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği-21'in (DASS-21) Türkçe versiyonu kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırma 81 birey üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma kapsamına alınan örneklemdeki bireylerin %66,7’si kadınlardan oluşmaktadır. Bireylerin yaş medyanının 30,00 (23,00-44,00) olduğu gözlemlendi. Bireylerin depresyon puanı medyanı 4,00 (2,00-6,00), anksiyete puanı medyanı 4,00 (2,00-7,00), stres puanı medyanı 6,00 (3,00-9,00), Fonseca puanı medyanı 25,00 (15,00-45,00) ve Puki puanı medyanının 6,00 (4,00-8,00) olduğu gözlemlendi. Kadınların depresyon ve anksiyete puanının erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu fakat cinsiyetler arasındaki bu farklılığın istatistiksel açıdan önemli düzeyde olmadığı bulundu. Stres puanları açısından kadınlar ve erkekler arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p=0.011) bulundu ve kadınların erkeklere göre daha stresli olduğu gözlendi. Fonseca puanları açısından kadınlar ve erkekler arasındaki farklılık anlamlı (p=0.022) bulundu. Kadınlarda temporamandibular bozuklukların daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu gözlendi. Uyku kalitesi açısından kadınlar ve erkekler arasında önemli bir farklılık saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Yüzyılın depremleri oldukça yıkıcı sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmıştır. Her alanda büyük bir yıkıma yol açan bu depremler hastaların depresyon, anksiyete ve stres oranları yükseltmiştir ve yaşamın her alanında etkilerini göstermeye devam etmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma KSÜ'nÜn etik kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (2023/22).

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

111

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • Ehlers A, Clark DM. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(4):319-45.
  • Almeida-Leite CM, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Conti PCR. How psychosocial and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic can interfere on bruxism and temporomandibular disorders? J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:e20200263.
  • Ugur K, Kartal F, Mete B, Tamam L, Demirkol ME. The Relationship Between Peritraumatic Dissociation and Anxiety Level, Perceived Stress, Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping with Earthquake Stress in Post-Earthquake Acute Stress Disorder Patients. Turk Psikiyatr Derg. 2021;32(4):253-60.
  • Manfredini D, Lombardo L, Siciliani G. Temporomandibular disorders and dental occlusion. A systematic review of association studies: end of an era? J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(11):908-23.
  • De La Torre Canales G, Camara-Souza MB, Munoz Lora VRM, Guarda-Nardini L, Conti PCR, Rodrigues Garcia RM, et al. Prevalence of psychosocial impairment in temporomandibular disorder patients: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(11):881-9.
  • Miglis MG. Autonomic dysfunction in primary sleep disorders. Sleep Med. 2016;19:40-9.
  • Augusto VG, Perina KCB, Penha DSG, Dos Santos DCA, Oliveira VAS. Temporomandibular Dysfunction, Stress and Common Mental Disorders in University Students. Acta Ortop Bras. 2016;24(6):330-3.
  • Yeler DY, Yilmaz N, Koraltan M, Aydin E. A survey on the potential relationships between TMD, possible sleep bruxism, unilateral chewing, and occlusal factors in Turkish university students. Cranio. 2017;35(5):308-14.
  • Lei J, Fu J, Yap AU, Fu KY. Temporomandibular disorders symptoms in Asian adolescents and their association with sleep quality and psychological distress. Cranio. 2016;34(4):242-9.
  • Boscato N, Almeida R, Koller C, Presta A, Goettems M. Influence of anxiety on temporomandibular disorders–an epidemiological survey with elders and adults in S outhern B razil. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(9):643-9.
  • Muller K, Helmes A, Kleischmann A, Graser J, Bengel J. Screening for depression: Psychometric properties of the German version of the Glasgow depression scale for people with a learning disability (individual and carer version). J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2024;37(1):e13157.
  • Ozdemir HNC, Ayran G, Topuz C. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the parental competence scale for parents of children with autism. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;74:122-8.
  • Kinik K, Kuday AD, Caliskan C. Psychological Hardiness and Compassion Satisfaction Among the Turkish Red Crescent: The Case of the 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2024;18:e58.
  • Satilmis D, Yildiz E, Cevik E. Posttraumatic stress disorder in health-care workers after two major earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Turk J Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):27-32.
  • Palm KM, Polusny MA, Follette VM. Vicarious traumatization: potential hazards and interventions for disaster and trauma workers. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2004;19(1):73-8.
  • Caramello V, Bertuzzi L, Ricceri F, Albert U, Maina G, Boccuzzi A, et al. The Mass Casualty Incident in Turin, 2017: A Case Study of Disaster Responders' Mental Health in an Italian Level I Hospital. Disaster Med Public. 2019;13(5-6):880-8.
  • Nieh JH, Hsu TH, Cheng HC, Chong KC, Lai PF. 2018 Taiwan Hualien Earthquake-Disaster Lessons We Learned in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital. J Acute Med. 2020;10(4):149-55.
  • Wazani BE, Dodd MN, Milosevic A. The signs and symptoms of tooth wear in a referred group of patients. Br Dent J. 2012;213(6):E10.
  • Worner F, Eger T, Simon U, Wolowski A. Periodontal Disease and Tooth Wear in a Sample of German Soldiers with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021;19:449-56.
  • Tanhan F, Aslan C. Van İli Eğitim Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri Çalıştayı,18-19 Haziran 2012. 1. basım. Van: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi; 2013. 188. sayfa.
  • Öztürk HM, Daymaz D, Kocakaya H, Akkoyun AZ, Saygun M. Trauma symptoms, sleep quality and related factors in the early post-earthquake period. J Palliat Med. 2023;4(5):492-8.
  • Bavafa A, Khazaie H, Khaledi-Paveh B, Rezaie L. The relationship of severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress with sleep quality in earthquake survivors in Kermanshah. J Inj Violence Res. 2019;11(2):225-32.
  • Sharan P, Chaudhary G, Kavathekar SA, Saxena S. Preliminary report of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severe earthquake. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(4):556-8.
  • Boscato N, Almeida RC, Koller CD, Presta AA, Goettems ML. Influence of anxiety on temporomandibular disorders--an epidemiological survey with elders and adults in Southern Brazil. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(9):643-9.
  • Kobayashi FY, Gaviao MB, Montes AB, Marquezin MC, Castelo PM. Evaluation of oro-facial function in young subjects with temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41(7):496-506.
  • Silveira A, Gadotti IC, Armijo-Olivo S, Biasotto-Gonzalez DA, Magee D. Jaw dysfunction is associated with neck disability and muscle tenderness in subjects with and without chronic temporomandibular disorders. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:512792.
  • Geniş B, Hocaoğlu Ç. Temporomandibular bozukluklar ve bruksizmde eşlik eden psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve tedavi seçenekleri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2020;12(2):205-31.
  • Jariyasakulroj S, Mitrirattanakul S. Excessive daytime sleepiness in temporomandibular disorder patients. Cranio. 2020;38(3):144-8.
  • Rener-Sitar K, John MT, Bandyopadhyay D, Howell MJ, Schiffman EL. Exploration of dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in cases with temporomandibular disorders. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:10.
  • Rai B, Kaur J. Association between stress, sleep quality and temporomandibular joint dysfunction: simulated Mars mission. Oman Med J. 2013;28(3):216-9.
  • Smardz J, Martynowicz H, Wojakowska A, Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Mazur G, Wieckiewicz M. Correlation between Sleep Bruxism, Stress, and Depression-A Polysomnographic Study. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9).
  • Polmann H, Domingos FL, Melo G, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Guerra E, Porporatti AL, et al. Association between sleep bruxism and anxiety symptoms in adults: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2019;46(5):482-91.
  • Przystanska A, Jasielska A, Ziarko M, Pobudek-Radzikowska M, Maciejewska-Szaniec Z, Prylinska-Czyzewska A, et al. Psychosocial Predictors of Bruxism. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:2069716.
  • Campos JADB, Gonçalves DAG, Camparis CM, Speciali JG. Reliability of a questionnaire for diagnosing the severity of temporomandibular disorder. Braz J Phys Ther. 2009;13(1):38-43.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Esra Balkanlıoğlu 0009-0009-0903-7129

Aliye Kamalak 0000-0003-2103-0826

Proje Numarası 111
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Eylül 2024
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Balkanlıoğlu E, Kamalak A. Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinin Diş Hekimliği Fakültesine Başvuran Hastalarda Uyku Kalitesi, Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Düzeylerindeki Değişim Üzerine Etkisi Ve Temporomandibuler Bozuklukların ve Yüz Ağrılarının Sıklığı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. KSÜ Tıp Fak Der. Temmuz 2025;20(2):103-108. doi:10.17517/ksutfd.1499641