Menenjiomlarda miRNA’lar Biyobelirteç Olarak Kullanılabilir mi?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 223 - 227, 02.11.2022

Hasan Dağlı Özlem Gülbahar

https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.1004412

Öz

Özet

Primer beyin tümörleri glial veya non-glial ve benign veya malign olarak sınıflandırılır. Menenjiomlar en yaygın görülen benign intrakranial tümörlerdir. Meningiom ismi ‘Meninks’ denilen beyin zarının tümörü anlamına gelse de aslında örümcek ağı şeklindeki ‘araknoid’ zarından (araknoid şapka hücrelerden) kaynaklandığı gösterilmiştir. Meningiomların büyük çoğunluğu iyi huylu, iyi sınırlı, yavaş büyüyen ve cerrahi ile tedavi edilebilir tümörlerdir. Menenjiom hastalarında prognozu en çok etkileyen rezeksiyonun derecesi ile histolojik derecedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) sınıflamasına göre menenjiomların büyük çoğunluğu grade I (tipik/benign), %10’dan az bir kısmı grade II (atipik/intermediate) ve III (anaplastic/malign) tümörlerdir. Menenjiom tümörleri doku biyopsisi alınarak patolojik inceleme ile değerlendirilmektedir. Henüz tanısal ve prognostik amaçlı kullanılabilecek, non-invaziv olarak elde edilen kan örneklerinde çalışılabilecek bir biyobelirteç bulunmamaktadır. Girişimsel bir tanı yöntemi olan biyopsinin riskli olabilmesi ve değerlendirmenin subjektif olması gibi sebeplerle serum gibi non-invaziv örneklerde bakılabilecek biyobelirteçlere ihtiyaç vardır. MikroRNA’lar (miRNA) gen ekspresyonunu post-transkripsiyonel seviyede düzenleyen, 18-22 nükleotit uzunluğunda, endojen, protein kodlamayan RNA molekülleridir. Son yıllarda, miRNA’ların tümörler dâhil çeşitli patolojik durumlar için potansiyel biyobelirteç olmaları konusunda giderek artan araştirmalar yapılmaktadır. miRNA’lar belirli şartlar altında onkogen veya tümör supresor olarak fonksiyon görebilmektedirler. Proliferasyondan invazyona, metastazdan anjiogeneze kadar tümör oluşumu ve gelişimine katkıda bulunan birçok hücresel süreçte rol oynadıklarına dair kanıtlar vardır. Bu derlemede, bu moleküllerin menenjiyom teşhisi ve prognozundaki roller ve potansiyel terapötik etkilerini ele almayı amaçladık.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Menenjiom,, miRNA,, Biyobelirteç,, miR-145,, miR-34a-3p

Can miRNAs be Used As a Biomarkers in Meningioma’s?

Öz

Abstract

Primary brain tumors are classified as glial or non-glial and benign or malignant. Menenjiomas are common benign intracranial tumors. Although the name meningioma refers to a tumor of the lining of the brain called the ‘Meninx’, it has actually been shown to originate from the spider web-shaped ‘arachnoid’ membrane (arachnoid cover cells). The vast majority of meningiomas are benign, well circumscribed, slow growing and surgically treatable tumors. The degree of resection and histological degree are the most influential factors in the prognosis of meningioma patients. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the vast majority of menenjiomas are grade 1 (typical/benign), less than 10% grade II (atypical/moderate) and III (anaplastic/malignant) tumors. Menenjioma tumors are pathologically evaluated by taking tissue biopsy. There is no biomarker that can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in blood samples obtained non-invasively. Biomarkers that can be evaluated in non-invasive samples such as serum are needed because biopsy, which is an interventional diagnostic method, can be risky and evaluation is subjective. MicroRNAs are 18-22 nucleotide-long, endogenous, non-protein-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, there has been increasing research on miRNAs as potential biomarkers for various pathological conditions, including tumors. miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. There is evidence that they play a role in many cellular processes that contribute to tumor formation and development, from proliferation to invasion, from metastasis to angiogenesis. In this review, we aimed to discuss the roles of these molecules in the diagnosis and prognosis of menenjioma, and their potential therapeutic effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biomarker, Meningioma, miRNA, miR-145, miR-34a-3p

Kaynakça

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