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LGBTIQ+ Çalişanlarin İşyerinde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Ayrimciliğiyla Başa Çikma Stratejileri: Nitel Bir Araştirma

Yıl 2024, , 579 - 602, 30.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1498620

Öz

Bu çalışma, LGBTIQ+’ların Türkiye’de iş hayatında cinsel yönelimleri ve cinsiyet kimlikleri nedeniyle yapılan ayrımcılığa karşı genel toplumsal normlara ve yasal eksikliklere bağlı olarak geliştirdikleri baş etme mekanizmalarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. LGBTIQ+ bireyler ayrımcılık sonrasında haklarını arayamayabilmektedir. Bu nedenle LGBTIQ+ çalışanlar, ayrımcılıkla başa çıkmak için bireysel stratejiler geliştirmektedir. Bu çalışmada 19 LGBTIQ+ çalışanla görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerin amacı çalışanların ayrımcılıkla başa çıkmak için hangi stratejileri uyguladıklarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. LGBTIQ+ bireylerin ayrımcılık ve sosyal hayattan dışlanma endişelerini haklı çıkaran Türk toplumunun yapısı ve genel kabul görmüş normları, bu araştırmanın bilimsel merakının temelini oluşturmaktadır. Görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular metne dökülerek, betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda bulgular işyerinde saklanma, tanık olunan ayrımcılık sonucunda gizlenme, sahte hayat yaşama, ayrımcılık karşısında sessiz kalma, ayrımcılıkla yüzleşme ve yasal hak arayamama olarak kodlara ayrılmıştır. Bulgulara göre cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliğini gizli tutmak, LGBTIQ+ bireylerin iş hayatında kendi varoluşlarından kopuşa neden olan en yaygın başa çıkma stratejisidir. Ayrıca LGBTIQ+ çalışanların uyguladığı ana stratejiler, LGBTIQ+ bireylere karşı ılımlı olan örgütlerde çalışmak, tanıdıklarla çalışmak ve heteroseksüel yaşamı taklit etmek olarak sıralanmaktadır. Bireysel başa çıkma stratejilerinin eşcinsel ve biseksüel kişiler tarafından trans bireylere göre daha sık kullanıldığı görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, B. D. (1981). Stigma and employability: Discrimination by sex and sexual orientation in the Ontario legal profession. Canadian Review of Sociology, 18(2), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1981.tb01234.x.
  • Altunpolat, R. (2017). LGBTİ’lere yönelik ayrımcılığı tarihsel ve politik temelde kavramak [Understanding discrimination against LGBTIs on a historical and political basis]. TTB Mesleki Sağlık ve Güvenlik Dergisi, 17(54), 2–14. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/msg/issue/49187/627870. Accessed March 8, 2020.
  • Badgett, M. V. L. (1995). The wage effects of sexual orientation discrimination. Industrial and Labor Relations, 48(4), 726–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979399504800408.
  • Baert, S. (2017). Hiring a gay man, taking a risk?: A lab experiment on employment discrimination and risk aversion. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(8), 1015–1031. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979399504800408.
  • Baird, V. (2004). Cinsel çeşitlilik: Yönelimler, politikalar, haklar ve ihlaller [Sexual diversity: Orientations, policies, rights and violations]. Metis Yayınları. ISBN-13:978-975-342-439-4.
  • Bakacak, A. G., & Ōktem, P. (2014). Homosexuality in Turkey: Strategies for managing heterosexism. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(6), 817-846. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.870453
  • Blanford, J. M. (2003). The nexus of sexual orientation and gender in the determination of earnings. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 56(4), 622–642. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600405.
  • Chung, Y. B. (2001). Work discrimination and coping strategies: Conceptual frameworks for counselling lesbian, gay and bisexual clients. The Career Development Quarterly, 50(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00887.x.
  • Council of Europe (2014). Cinsel yönelim veya cinsiyet kimliği temelli ayrımcılıkla mücadele [Combating discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity]. Retrieved from http://ceidizleme.org/ekutuphaneresim/dosya/697_1.pdf. Accessed August 7, 2021.
  • Demirdizen, D., Kesici, M. R., & Çınar, S. (2012, October). İşyerinde cinsel yönelim ayrımcılığı: LGB bireylere yönelik bir alan çalışması [Sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace: A field study for LGB individuals]. IV. Sosyal Haklar Ulusal Sempozyumu [IV. Social Rights National Symposium], 18–20 October, Muğla/Turkey, (pp. 311–330). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309012703_Isyerinde_Cinsel_Yonelim_Ayrimciligi_LGB_Bireylere_Yonelik_Bir_Alan_Calismasi. Accessed February 6, 2020.
  • Doğan, E. T. (2015). İşgücü piyasasında cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliği ayrımcılığının sosyal politika açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination in the labor market from the point of view of social policy]. ]. In Y. Tar (Ed.), Çalışma hayatında ayrımcılık [Discrimination in work life] (pp. 57–76). Kaos GL. Retrieved from https://kaosgldernegi.org/images/library/2015calisma-hayatinda-ayrimcilik.pdf. Accessed January 26, 2020.
  • Ergin, M., & Gökşen, F. (2023). Moral boundaries and cultural membership: Perceptions of the LGBTQ in Turkiye. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, (67), 97-118. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2022-1068689
  • Eşel, E. (2006). İnsan cinselliğinin biyolojik ve evrimsel temelleri [Biological and evolutionary foundations of human sexuality]. Klinik Psikoformakoloji Bülteni, 16(4), 274–288. Retrieved from https://psychiatry-psychopharmacology.com/Content/files/sayilar/76/16_4_8.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  • Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. R., Schetter, C. D., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986). Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(5), 992–1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.992.
  • Gates, T. G., & Mitchell, C. G. (2013). Workplace stigma-related experiences among lesbians, gay and bisexual workers: Implications for social policy and practice. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 28(3), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2013.808066.
  • Göçmen, İ., & Yılmaz, V. (2017). Exploring perceived discrimination among LGBT individuals in Turkey in education, employment, and health care: Results of an online survey. Journal of Homosexuality, 64(8), 1052-1068. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1236598
  • Güdül, Ö., Çolak Ö., Önan, P., & Şah, U. (2017). Psikologlar için LGBTI’lerle çalışma kılavuzu [Guide for psychologists working with LGBTIs]. TODAP. ISBN: 978-605-82244-0-7.
  • Güner, U., Kalkan, P., Öz, Y., Özsoy, E. C., & Söyle, F. (2010). Türkiye’de cinsel yönelim veya cinsiyet kimliği temelinde ayrımcılığın incelenmesi raporu [Report on discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity in Turkey]. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi. Retrieved from https://insanhaklarimerkezi.bilgi.edu.tr/media/uploads/2015/02/24/Cinsel_Yonelim_veya_Cinsiyet_Kimligi_Izleme_Raporu.pdf. Accessed August 11, 2020.
  • Köylü, M. & Güzel, D. (2022). Türkiye’de özel sektör çalışanı lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans, interseks ve artıların durumu 2022 yılı araştırması [The state of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, ıntersex and pros employees in the private sector in Turkey 2022 research]. Retrieved from https://kaosgldernegi.org/images/library/o-zel-sekto-r2022.pdf. Accessed January 26, 2021.
  • Levine M. P., & Leonard, R. (1984). Discrimination against lesbians in the work force. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 9(4), 700–710. https://doi.org/10.1086/494094.
  • McNamara, M. C., & Ng, H. (2016). Best practices in LGBT care: A guide for primary care physicians. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 83(7), 531–541. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.83a.15148.
  • Mishel, E. (2016). Discrimination against queer women in the US workforce: A résumé audit study. Socius, (2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023115621316.
  • Öner, A. (2015). Türkiye’de iş yerinde cinsel yönelim ayrımcılığı ve mücadele stratejileri [Sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace and struggle strategies in Turkey]. In Y. Tar (Ed.), Çalışma hayatında ayrımcılık [Discrimination in work life] (pp. 77–96). Kaos GL. Retrieved from https://kaosgldernegi.org/images/library/2015calisma-hayatinda-ayrimcilik.pdf. Accessed January 26, 2021.
  • Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma [Qualitative data analysis: A study on methodology problem in social sciences]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 323–343. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/113287. Accessed February 16, 2020.
  • Özdemir, M. (2022). Çalışma yaşamında cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliği temelinde ayrımcılık [Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity at work] [Unpublished masters dissertation]. Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University.
  • Özeren, E., Uçar, Z., & Duygulu E. (2016). Silence speaks in the workplace: Uncovering the experiences of LGBT employees in Turkey. In T. Köllen (Ed.), Sexual orientation and transgender issues in organizations: Global perspectives on LGBT workforce diversity (pp. 217–232). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29623-4.
  • Özgünlü, F. (2019). Çalışma yaşamında ayrımcılık: LGBT’lere yönelik bir araştırma [Discrimination in working life: A research on LGBTs] [Unpublished masters dissertation]. Beykent University.
  • Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2005). Masculinity, femininity, and the Bem sex role inventory in Turkey. Sex Roles, 52(1), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-1197-4.
  • Öztürk, M. B. (2011). Sexual orientation discrimination: Exploring the experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual employees in Turkey. Human Relations, 64(8), 1099–1118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726710396249.
  • Şenel, B. (2014). Cinsel yönelim ayrımcılığının gündelik hayat yansımaları [Daily life reflections of sexual orientation discrimination] [Unpublished masters dissertation]. Hacettepe University.
  • Stachan, G., Burgess, J., & Sullivan, A. (2004). Affirmative action or managing diversity: What is the future of equal opportunity policies in organisations?. Women in Management Review, 19(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420410541263.
  • Taşkın, P., Nayir, F., & Demirdiş, M. (2023). Is privacy enough to exist? LGBT+ teachers’ experiences in Turkey. Journal of Homosexuality, 70(11), 2666-2687. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2022.2074332
  • United Nations Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (1976). Retrieved from https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/TUTANAK/TBMM/d22/c016/tbmm22016089ss0148.pdf. Accessed March 4, 2019.
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948). Retrieved from https://www.hsk.gov.tr/Eklentiler/Dosyalar/9a3bfe74-cdc4-4ae4-b876-8cb1d7eeae05.pdf. Accessed March 4, 2019.
  • Weichselbaumer, D. (2003). Sexual orientation discrimination in hiring. Labour Economics, 10(6), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(03)00074-5.
  • Woods, J. D. (1993). The corporate closet: The professional lives of gay men in America. Free Press. ISBN-13-978-15011.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in social sciences]. Seçkin Yayınları. ISBN-97-897-502399-91.

LGBTIQ+ Employees’ Coping Strategies to Deal with Gender Discrimination at Work: A Qualitative Study

Yıl 2024, , 579 - 602, 30.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1498620

Öz

The objective of this study is to elucidate the coping mechanisms that LGBTIQ+ individuals employ in response to discrimination based on their sexual orientation and gender identity in the context of business life in Turkiye, with a particular focus on the influence of prevailing social norms and legal deficiencies. It is possible that LGBTIQ+ individuals may refrain from pursuing their rights in the event of discrimination. Consequently, LGBTIQ+ employees develop individual coping strategies in response to discriminatory practices. In this study, interviews were conducted with 19 LGBTIQ+ employees. The objective of the interviews is to ascertain the strategies that employees utilize to cope with discrimination. The structure and generally accepted norms of Turkish society, which justify LGBTIQ+ individuals’ concerns about discrimination and exclusion from social life, have formed the basis of scientific curiosity for this research project. The data obtained from the interviews were transcribed and subjected to a descriptive analysis. The findings were subsequently classified into the following categories: hiding in the workplace, hiding as a result of witnessing discrimination, living a facade, remaining silent in the face of discrimination, confronting discrimination, and not seeking legal rights. The findings indicate that the most prevalent coping strategy employed by LGBTIQ+ individuals is the concealment of their sexual orientation and gender identity. This approach often results in a sense of disconnection from their authentic selves in professional settings. Moreover, the primary strategies employed by LGBTIQ+ employees are identified as working for organizations that are relatively accommodating LGBTIQ+ individuals, working with acquaintances, and imitating a heterosexual lifestyle. The data indicate that individual coping strategies have been employed more frequently by gay and bisexual individuals than by transgender individuals.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, B. D. (1981). Stigma and employability: Discrimination by sex and sexual orientation in the Ontario legal profession. Canadian Review of Sociology, 18(2), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1981.tb01234.x.
  • Altunpolat, R. (2017). LGBTİ’lere yönelik ayrımcılığı tarihsel ve politik temelde kavramak [Understanding discrimination against LGBTIs on a historical and political basis]. TTB Mesleki Sağlık ve Güvenlik Dergisi, 17(54), 2–14. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/msg/issue/49187/627870. Accessed March 8, 2020.
  • Badgett, M. V. L. (1995). The wage effects of sexual orientation discrimination. Industrial and Labor Relations, 48(4), 726–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979399504800408.
  • Baert, S. (2017). Hiring a gay man, taking a risk?: A lab experiment on employment discrimination and risk aversion. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(8), 1015–1031. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979399504800408.
  • Baird, V. (2004). Cinsel çeşitlilik: Yönelimler, politikalar, haklar ve ihlaller [Sexual diversity: Orientations, policies, rights and violations]. Metis Yayınları. ISBN-13:978-975-342-439-4.
  • Bakacak, A. G., & Ōktem, P. (2014). Homosexuality in Turkey: Strategies for managing heterosexism. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(6), 817-846. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.870453
  • Blanford, J. M. (2003). The nexus of sexual orientation and gender in the determination of earnings. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 56(4), 622–642. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600405.
  • Chung, Y. B. (2001). Work discrimination and coping strategies: Conceptual frameworks for counselling lesbian, gay and bisexual clients. The Career Development Quarterly, 50(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00887.x.
  • Council of Europe (2014). Cinsel yönelim veya cinsiyet kimliği temelli ayrımcılıkla mücadele [Combating discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity]. Retrieved from http://ceidizleme.org/ekutuphaneresim/dosya/697_1.pdf. Accessed August 7, 2021.
  • Demirdizen, D., Kesici, M. R., & Çınar, S. (2012, October). İşyerinde cinsel yönelim ayrımcılığı: LGB bireylere yönelik bir alan çalışması [Sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace: A field study for LGB individuals]. IV. Sosyal Haklar Ulusal Sempozyumu [IV. Social Rights National Symposium], 18–20 October, Muğla/Turkey, (pp. 311–330). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309012703_Isyerinde_Cinsel_Yonelim_Ayrimciligi_LGB_Bireylere_Yonelik_Bir_Alan_Calismasi. Accessed February 6, 2020.
  • Doğan, E. T. (2015). İşgücü piyasasında cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliği ayrımcılığının sosyal politika açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination in the labor market from the point of view of social policy]. ]. In Y. Tar (Ed.), Çalışma hayatında ayrımcılık [Discrimination in work life] (pp. 57–76). Kaos GL. Retrieved from https://kaosgldernegi.org/images/library/2015calisma-hayatinda-ayrimcilik.pdf. Accessed January 26, 2020.
  • Ergin, M., & Gökşen, F. (2023). Moral boundaries and cultural membership: Perceptions of the LGBTQ in Turkiye. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, (67), 97-118. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2022-1068689
  • Eşel, E. (2006). İnsan cinselliğinin biyolojik ve evrimsel temelleri [Biological and evolutionary foundations of human sexuality]. Klinik Psikoformakoloji Bülteni, 16(4), 274–288. Retrieved from https://psychiatry-psychopharmacology.com/Content/files/sayilar/76/16_4_8.pdf. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  • Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. R., Schetter, C. D., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986). Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(5), 992–1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.992.
  • Gates, T. G., & Mitchell, C. G. (2013). Workplace stigma-related experiences among lesbians, gay and bisexual workers: Implications for social policy and practice. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 28(3), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2013.808066.
  • Göçmen, İ., & Yılmaz, V. (2017). Exploring perceived discrimination among LGBT individuals in Turkey in education, employment, and health care: Results of an online survey. Journal of Homosexuality, 64(8), 1052-1068. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1236598
  • Güdül, Ö., Çolak Ö., Önan, P., & Şah, U. (2017). Psikologlar için LGBTI’lerle çalışma kılavuzu [Guide for psychologists working with LGBTIs]. TODAP. ISBN: 978-605-82244-0-7.
  • Güner, U., Kalkan, P., Öz, Y., Özsoy, E. C., & Söyle, F. (2010). Türkiye’de cinsel yönelim veya cinsiyet kimliği temelinde ayrımcılığın incelenmesi raporu [Report on discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity in Turkey]. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi. Retrieved from https://insanhaklarimerkezi.bilgi.edu.tr/media/uploads/2015/02/24/Cinsel_Yonelim_veya_Cinsiyet_Kimligi_Izleme_Raporu.pdf. Accessed August 11, 2020.
  • Köylü, M. & Güzel, D. (2022). Türkiye’de özel sektör çalışanı lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans, interseks ve artıların durumu 2022 yılı araştırması [The state of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, ıntersex and pros employees in the private sector in Turkey 2022 research]. Retrieved from https://kaosgldernegi.org/images/library/o-zel-sekto-r2022.pdf. Accessed January 26, 2021.
  • Levine M. P., & Leonard, R. (1984). Discrimination against lesbians in the work force. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 9(4), 700–710. https://doi.org/10.1086/494094.
  • McNamara, M. C., & Ng, H. (2016). Best practices in LGBT care: A guide for primary care physicians. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 83(7), 531–541. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.83a.15148.
  • Mishel, E. (2016). Discrimination against queer women in the US workforce: A résumé audit study. Socius, (2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023115621316.
  • Öner, A. (2015). Türkiye’de iş yerinde cinsel yönelim ayrımcılığı ve mücadele stratejileri [Sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace and struggle strategies in Turkey]. In Y. Tar (Ed.), Çalışma hayatında ayrımcılık [Discrimination in work life] (pp. 77–96). Kaos GL. Retrieved from https://kaosgldernegi.org/images/library/2015calisma-hayatinda-ayrimcilik.pdf. Accessed January 26, 2021.
  • Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma [Qualitative data analysis: A study on methodology problem in social sciences]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 323–343. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/113287. Accessed February 16, 2020.
  • Özdemir, M. (2022). Çalışma yaşamında cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliği temelinde ayrımcılık [Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity at work] [Unpublished masters dissertation]. Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University.
  • Özeren, E., Uçar, Z., & Duygulu E. (2016). Silence speaks in the workplace: Uncovering the experiences of LGBT employees in Turkey. In T. Köllen (Ed.), Sexual orientation and transgender issues in organizations: Global perspectives on LGBT workforce diversity (pp. 217–232). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29623-4.
  • Özgünlü, F. (2019). Çalışma yaşamında ayrımcılık: LGBT’lere yönelik bir araştırma [Discrimination in working life: A research on LGBTs] [Unpublished masters dissertation]. Beykent University.
  • Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2005). Masculinity, femininity, and the Bem sex role inventory in Turkey. Sex Roles, 52(1), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-1197-4.
  • Öztürk, M. B. (2011). Sexual orientation discrimination: Exploring the experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual employees in Turkey. Human Relations, 64(8), 1099–1118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726710396249.
  • Şenel, B. (2014). Cinsel yönelim ayrımcılığının gündelik hayat yansımaları [Daily life reflections of sexual orientation discrimination] [Unpublished masters dissertation]. Hacettepe University.
  • Stachan, G., Burgess, J., & Sullivan, A. (2004). Affirmative action or managing diversity: What is the future of equal opportunity policies in organisations?. Women in Management Review, 19(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420410541263.
  • Taşkın, P., Nayir, F., & Demirdiş, M. (2023). Is privacy enough to exist? LGBT+ teachers’ experiences in Turkey. Journal of Homosexuality, 70(11), 2666-2687. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2022.2074332
  • United Nations Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (1976). Retrieved from https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/TUTANAK/TBMM/d22/c016/tbmm22016089ss0148.pdf. Accessed March 4, 2019.
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948). Retrieved from https://www.hsk.gov.tr/Eklentiler/Dosyalar/9a3bfe74-cdc4-4ae4-b876-8cb1d7eeae05.pdf. Accessed March 4, 2019.
  • Weichselbaumer, D. (2003). Sexual orientation discrimination in hiring. Labour Economics, 10(6), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(03)00074-5.
  • Woods, J. D. (1993). The corporate closet: The professional lives of gay men in America. Free Press. ISBN-13-978-15011.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in social sciences]. Seçkin Yayınları. ISBN-97-897-502399-91.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kadın Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Melek Özdemir Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6212-3143

Banu Açıkgöz 0000-0002-3499-2074

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Kasım 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 7 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdemir, M., & Açıkgöz, B. (2024). LGBTIQ+ Employees’ Coping Strategies to Deal with Gender Discrimination at Work: A Qualitative Study. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları Ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 7(2), 579-602. https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.1498620

Dergide yayımlanan tüm çalışmalar, kamu ve tüzel kişilerce, gerekli atıflar verilmek koşuluyla kullanıma açık olup dergide yayımlanmış çalışmaların tüm sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir.