Filistinli Kadınların Yüz Yıllık Mücadelesi (1922-2022)

Öz

Filistin kadın hareketi, Filistin toplumunun içinde bulunduğu farklı koşullar nedeniyle bileşenlerinde ve faaliyetlerinde birçok dönüşüme maruz kalmıştır. Araştırma, Filistinli kadınların yüz yıllık faaliyet ve mücadelesini, yazar tarafından görülen olaylar dizisinin önemine göre bölünmüş olarak anlatırken tarihsel yöntemi kullanıyor. İngiliz İşgali (1922-1948) sırasındaki rolü mücadeleler ve lojistik; sömürgeci güçlere direndi, kurtarıcıları destekledi, yiyecek tedariki için dernekler kurdu ve Filistin’deki o zamanki statüko hakkında görüş alışverişinde bulunmak için çeşitli toplantılar düzenledi. Ancak bazı araştırmacılar, Filistin kadın hareketinin rolünü yalnızca direnişle sınırladı ve siyasi süreçteki paylarını inkar etti. 1948 Savaşı’nda, kadın hareketi faaliyeti, özellikle İsrail işgalcileri için toprak kaybettikten sonra, eğitim ve iş bulmaya daldı, bu nedenle başka bir yaşam kaynağı arama zorunluluğu korkunç hale geldi. Mülteci okulları o dönemde eğitim vermenin ikincili bir unsuruydu. 1960’larda Filistinli kadınların siyasi katılımı, Filistinli Kadın Kamu Birliği’nin (1965) kurulmasından sonra arttı. Oslo Anlaşması'ndan (1993) sonra, Filistin Yönetimi (PA) kadın hareketlerini kendi aygıtına entegre etti. Böyle bir politika, kadın hareketinin rollerini ve faaliyetlerini olumsuz etkiledi çünkü kadın faaliyetlerinin çoğu (PA) kontrolü altına girdi. Son yasama seçimlerinden (2006) bugüne kadar, kadın hareketlerinin işlevi gelişiyor, ancak olması gerektiği kadar iyi değil, kadın bakanların sayısı arttı. Bununla birlikte, genel olarak, Filistinli kadınlar, dışişleri ve içişleri gibi egemen bakanlıklar hariç, bakanlık düzeylerinde bulundular. 2012’de altı bakan: 2011’de Filistin Merkezi İstatistik Bürosu’nun ilk başkanı, 2010’da Ramallah ve Al Bireh’in ilk kadın valisi ve 2009’da Filistin kurtuluş Örgütü İcra Komitesi’nin ilk üyesi. Bu pozisyonlardaki bu niteliksel artışa rağmen, Filistin’de kadınların yaşamının ve toplumunun gelişimini ve bağımsızlığını engelleyen eşit yasalarda bir eksiklik var. Buna ek olarak, Filistinli kadının toplumunda etkili bir oyuncu olabilmesi, kendi hayatını etkileyen kararlar alabilmesi, çıkarlarını koruyabilmesi, erkek muadili ile birlikte kurtuluş sürecinde yer alırabilmesi, ve karar alma fırsatı verilebilmesi için rollerinin daha da arıtılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Filistinli Kadın Mücadelesi
• Güçlendirme
• Kota
• Feminist Hareket

One Hundred Years of Palestinian Women’s Struggle (1922-2022)

Öz

The Palestinian women movement has been subjected to many transformations in its components and activities due to the different circumstances the Palestinian society has been undergoing. The research uses the historical method in narrating the activity and struggle of Palestinian women over a hundred years, divided based on the importance of the sequence of events as seen by the writer. Palestinian women role during the British Occupation (1922-1948) was struggles and logistic; it resisted the colonial forces, supported the liberators, established societies for food supplies and held several meetings to exchange views about the then-Palestinian status quo. Some researchers, however, limited the role of the Palestinian women movement to resistance solely, denying their share in the political process. In the 1948 War, the women movement activity immersed in education and finding a job, especially after losing the land for the Israeli occupiers, so the necessity of searching for another living resource became dire. The refugee schools were a subordinate factor to providing education in that period. In the 1960s, the Palestinian women political participation improved after establishing The Palestinian Women Public Union (1965). After the Oslo Agreement (1993), the Palestinian Authority (PA) integrated the women movements in its apparatus. Such a policy negatively affected the women movement roles and activities, because most of the women activities became under the (PA) control. Since the last legislative election (2006) until now, the function of the women movements has been improving, but not as good as, they should be, the number of the women ministers has increased. In general, though, the Palestinian women have held ministerial levels excluding the sovereign ministries as the foreign and interior ones. Six ministers in 2012: the first head of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in 2011, first female governor of Ramallah and Al Bireh 2010, and the first member of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization in 2009. Even though there is an absentee in equal laws that hinder the development and independence of woman’s lives and society in Palestine. In addition, there is a need to increase her roles more so that the Palestinian woman can be influential player in her society so that she can issue decisions that affect her life, protect her interests, and be given the opportunity to take part in the liberation process along with her male counterpart.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Keywords: Palestinian Woman Struggle
• Empowerment
• Quota
• Feminist Movement

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