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Sociological Discussions on Gender-Specific Medicine

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 279 - 294, 30.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.650092

Öz

Various researches have long revealed gender inequalities in
health and discussed the origins of these inequalities based on structural and
cultural factors or biological differences. Today, some of the most important
indicators of the difference in the health status between men and women are the
longer life expectancy of women and the higher morbidity rates of women
compared to men, and certain tendencies in diseases of each gender. Based on
these differences, gender-specific medicine (GSM) emerged as an extension of
personalized medicine, and it began to increase in the early 2000s. This paper
discusses what GSM is, how it expands and how it can be reviewed
sociologically. By emphasizing the insufficiency of sociological analysis about
GSM, Annandale and Hammarström’s discourse analysis will be discussed GSM and its
possible social consequences will be discussed sociologically by taking into
consideration “techno-medicine” as a new stage of medicine in which
biomedicalization is practiced.

Kaynakça

  • Annandale, E. (2003). Gender and health status: Does biology matter? S. Williams, L. Birke, G. Bendelow (eds.), Debating biology: Sociological reflections on health, medicine and society. London: Routledge, s. 84-94.
  • Annandale, E. (2009). Women’s health and social change. London: Routledge.
  • Annandale, E. (2013). Gender theory and health. W. C. Cockerham (ed.) Medical sociology on the move. London: Springer, s: 155-171.
  • Annandale, E. ve Hammarström, A. (2010). Constructing the ‘gender-specific body’: A critical discourse analysis of publications in the field of gender-specific medicine. Health, 15, 5, 571-587.
  • Annandale, E. ve Hammarström, A. (2015). A new biopolitics of Gender and Health? Gender-specific medicine” and pharmaceuticalization in the twenty-first century. S. Bell, A.E. Figert (eds). Reimagining (bio)medicalisation: Pharmaceuticals and genetics: old critiques and new engagements. Florence: Taylor and Francis.
  • Castellana, E., Chiappetta, M. R. ve Cattel, F. (2018). Gender differences and pharmacovigilance: analysis in the Italian population. Italian Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine, 4, 1, 27-33.
  • Clarke, A.E., Shim, J. K., Mamo, L., Fosket, J. R., Fishman, J. R. (2003). Biomedicalisation: technoscientific transformations of health, illness, and U.S. biomedicine. American Sociological Review, 68, 161-194.
  • Glezerman, M. (2016). Gender medicine: the groundbreaking new science of gender- and sex- related diagnosis and treatment. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd.
  • Kautzky-Willer, A. von Euler, M. ve Oertelt-Prigione, S. (2019). Editorial: “Sex and gender aspects in diabetes”. Frontiers in Endocrinology, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00813/full.
  • Kautzky-Willer, A. (2017). Gender medicine in Austria. M. J. Legato ve M. Glezerman (eds.) The international society for gender medicine: History and highlights. London: Elsevier, s. 23-32.
  • Kautzky-Willer, A., Harreiter, J. ve Pacini, G. (2016). Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology Review, 37, 3, 278-316.
  • Kautzky-Willer, A., (2011). Editorial: Sex- and gender-based medicine: a challenging field of research. Wien Med Wochenschr, 161, 105–108.
  • Legato, M. J. (2003). Beyond women’s health: the new discipline of gender-specific medicine. Gender Clinics of North America, 87, 917-937.
  • Legato, M. J. (2006). Rethinking gender-specific medicine. Perspective, 2, 5, 699-703.
  • Legato, M. J. (ed.) (2010 [2004]). Principals of gender-specific medicine. London: Elsevier.
  • Legato, M. J. ve Glezerman, M. (2017). The international society for gender medicine: History and highlights. London: Elsevier.
  • Levy, G. ve Solt, I. (2018). The human microbiome and gender medicine. Gender and the Genome, 2, 4, 123-127
  • Moulin, A. M. (2013). Tıbbın karşısında beden. A. Corbin, J-J. Courtine, G. Vigarello (Ed.), Bedenin tarihi 3 (çev: S. Özen). İstanbul: YKY Yayınları, 15-57.
  • Nettleton, S. (1995). The sociology of health and illness. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Nettleton, S. (1996). Women and the new paradigm of health and medicine. Critical Social Policy, 16, 48, 33-53.
  • Özçelik-Adak, N. (2015). Sağlık sosyolojisi: Kadın ve kentleşme. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Park, K. (1992). Medicine and society in medieval Europe, 500-1500. A. Wear (ed.), Medicine in society: Historical essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Porter, D. (1999). Health, civilization, and the state: A history of public health from ancient to modern times. London and New York: Routledge
  • Regitz-Zagrosek, V. (2012). Sex and gender differences in health. Embo Reports, 13, 7, 596-603.
  • WHO (2019). World health statistics overview: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Toplumsal Cinsiyete Özgü Tıp Üzerine Sosyolojik Tartışmalar - Sociological Discussions on Gender-Specific Medicine

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 279 - 294, 30.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.650092

Öz

Toplumsal
cinsiyete bağlı sağlıkta eşitsizlikler uzun süredir çeşitli araştırmalarla
ortaya konmakta, bu eşitsizliğin kökenlerinin kimi zaman yapısal ve kültürel
faktörlere, kimi zaman da biyolojik farklılıklara dayanabileceği
tartışılmaktadır. Günümüzde kadın ve erkek arasındaki sağlık statüsündeki
farklılaşmanın en önemli göstergelerinden bazıları, kadının yaşam süresinin
erkeğe nazaran uzun olması, kadınların hastalanma oranlarının erkeklerden daha
yüksek olması, her iki cinsiyetin ise maruz kaldığı hastalıkların
farklılaşmasıdır. Bu farklılıklardan hareketle, tıpta kişiselleştirilmiş tıbbın
bir uzantısı olarak toplumsal cinsiyete özgü tıp ortaya çıkmış, 2000’li
yılların başında yükselişe geçmiştir. Bu yazıda tıbbın yeni bir alanı olan,
toplumsal cinsiyete özgü tıbbın ne olduğu ve nasıl geliştiği ele alınacak ve
sosyolojik olarak değerlendirilecektir. Bu yeni alana dair sosyolojik
analizlerin yetersiz olduğuna dikkat çekilerek, Annandale ve Hammarström bu
tıbba dair yapmış oldukları söylem analizinin sonuçları tartışılacaktır. Tıbbın
günümüzde geldiği aşama olan, Clarke ve diğerlerinin tanımladığı
biyotıbbileştirmenin gerçekleştiği “tekno-biyotıp” da göz önünde
bulundurularak, olası toplumsal sonuçları ile birlikte toplumsal cinsiyete özgü
tıp sosyolojik olarak tartışmaya açılacaktır. 

Kaynakça

  • Annandale, E. (2003). Gender and health status: Does biology matter? S. Williams, L. Birke, G. Bendelow (eds.), Debating biology: Sociological reflections on health, medicine and society. London: Routledge, s. 84-94.
  • Annandale, E. (2009). Women’s health and social change. London: Routledge.
  • Annandale, E. (2013). Gender theory and health. W. C. Cockerham (ed.) Medical sociology on the move. London: Springer, s: 155-171.
  • Annandale, E. ve Hammarström, A. (2010). Constructing the ‘gender-specific body’: A critical discourse analysis of publications in the field of gender-specific medicine. Health, 15, 5, 571-587.
  • Annandale, E. ve Hammarström, A. (2015). A new biopolitics of Gender and Health? Gender-specific medicine” and pharmaceuticalization in the twenty-first century. S. Bell, A.E. Figert (eds). Reimagining (bio)medicalisation: Pharmaceuticals and genetics: old critiques and new engagements. Florence: Taylor and Francis.
  • Castellana, E., Chiappetta, M. R. ve Cattel, F. (2018). Gender differences and pharmacovigilance: analysis in the Italian population. Italian Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine, 4, 1, 27-33.
  • Clarke, A.E., Shim, J. K., Mamo, L., Fosket, J. R., Fishman, J. R. (2003). Biomedicalisation: technoscientific transformations of health, illness, and U.S. biomedicine. American Sociological Review, 68, 161-194.
  • Glezerman, M. (2016). Gender medicine: the groundbreaking new science of gender- and sex- related diagnosis and treatment. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd.
  • Kautzky-Willer, A. von Euler, M. ve Oertelt-Prigione, S. (2019). Editorial: “Sex and gender aspects in diabetes”. Frontiers in Endocrinology, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00813/full.
  • Kautzky-Willer, A. (2017). Gender medicine in Austria. M. J. Legato ve M. Glezerman (eds.) The international society for gender medicine: History and highlights. London: Elsevier, s. 23-32.
  • Kautzky-Willer, A., Harreiter, J. ve Pacini, G. (2016). Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology Review, 37, 3, 278-316.
  • Kautzky-Willer, A., (2011). Editorial: Sex- and gender-based medicine: a challenging field of research. Wien Med Wochenschr, 161, 105–108.
  • Legato, M. J. (2003). Beyond women’s health: the new discipline of gender-specific medicine. Gender Clinics of North America, 87, 917-937.
  • Legato, M. J. (2006). Rethinking gender-specific medicine. Perspective, 2, 5, 699-703.
  • Legato, M. J. (ed.) (2010 [2004]). Principals of gender-specific medicine. London: Elsevier.
  • Legato, M. J. ve Glezerman, M. (2017). The international society for gender medicine: History and highlights. London: Elsevier.
  • Levy, G. ve Solt, I. (2018). The human microbiome and gender medicine. Gender and the Genome, 2, 4, 123-127
  • Moulin, A. M. (2013). Tıbbın karşısında beden. A. Corbin, J-J. Courtine, G. Vigarello (Ed.), Bedenin tarihi 3 (çev: S. Özen). İstanbul: YKY Yayınları, 15-57.
  • Nettleton, S. (1995). The sociology of health and illness. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Nettleton, S. (1996). Women and the new paradigm of health and medicine. Critical Social Policy, 16, 48, 33-53.
  • Özçelik-Adak, N. (2015). Sağlık sosyolojisi: Kadın ve kentleşme. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Park, K. (1992). Medicine and society in medieval Europe, 500-1500. A. Wear (ed.), Medicine in society: Historical essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Porter, D. (1999). Health, civilization, and the state: A history of public health from ancient to modern times. London and New York: Routledge
  • Regitz-Zagrosek, V. (2012). Sex and gender differences in health. Embo Reports, 13, 7, 596-603.
  • WHO (2019). World health statistics overview: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Yelda Özen 0000-0003-0382-5094

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Kasım 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özen, Y. (2019). Toplumsal Cinsiyete Özgü Tıp Üzerine Sosyolojik Tartışmalar - Sociological Discussions on Gender-Specific Medicine. Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları Ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi, 2(2), 279-294. https://doi.org/10.33708/ktc.650092

Dergide yayımlanan tüm çalışmalar, kamu ve tüzel kişilerce, gerekli atıflar verilmek koşuluyla kullanıma açık olup dergide yayımlanmış çalışmaların tüm sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir.