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Doğum Sonrası Dönemde Plasenta ve Umblikal Kordonuna İlişkin Uygulamalar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 71 - 80, 27.04.2022

Öz

Doğum sonrası plasenta ve kordonun bebek için fiziksel işlevi sona ermesine rağmen çoğu ülke ve topluluklarda plasenta ve kordonun ruhani ve dini işlevinin bebeğin yaşamı boyunca devam edeceği düşüncesi hâkim olmaktadır. Bu düşünce ile kordon ve plasenta için toprağa gömme, sanat yapma ve lotus doğum gibi birtakım ritüeller uygulanmaktadır. Ayrıca son dönemlerde anne psikolojisine iyi geldiği ve sütü arttırdığı düşüncesi ile uygulanan plasentafaji olgularında da artış görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte genç hücreler bakımından zengin olan fetüsün bu eklerinin tıbbi ve kozmetik alanda da çoğunlukla dermal ve hematolojik hastalıklar için kullanıldığı, kordon kanı bankacılığı uygulamasının giderek yaygınlaştığı bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede plasenta ve umblikal kordona ilişkin geleneksel ve tıbbi uygulamaların avantaj ve dezavantajları incelenmekte ve kadın ve bebek ile ilgilenen sağlık profesyonellerine bu uygulamalar konusunda bilgilendirme yapmak amaçlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2017). Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth. (Accessed 27.12.2020). https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/01/delayed-umbilical-cord-clamping-after-birth.
  • Armson, A., Allan, D. S., & Casper, R. F. (2015). Umbilical cord blood: Counselling, collection, and banking. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 37(9), 832–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30157-2.
  • Azzopardi, J. I., & Blundell, R. (2018). Review : Umbilical cord stem cells. Stem Cell Discover, 8, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4236/scd.2018.81001.
  • Bonsignore, A., Buffelli, F., Ciliberti, R., Ventura, F., & Molinelli, A. (2019). Medico-legal considerations on “Lotus Birth” in the Italian legislative framework. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 45(39), 4–9.
  • Bosco, C. B., & Díaz, E. G. (2018). Placentophagy: A controversial trend. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(6), 1841–1846.
  • Chakraborty, P., & Bhattacharyya, D. (2012). Aqueous extract of human placenta as a therapeutic agent. In: Zheng J, editor. Recent Advances in Research on the Human Placenta. Croatia: InTech; 2012. p. 77–92.
  • Cooper, B. M. (2019). Traveling companions: The burial of the placenta in Niger. African Studies Review, 62(2), 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2018.17.
  • Dickinson, E., Foss, K., & Kroløkke, C. (2017). Empowering disgust: Redefining alternative postpartum placenta practices. Women’s Studies in Communication, 40(1), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2016.1247400.
  • Donovan, M., Tiwary, C. M., Axelrod, D., Sasco, A. J., Jones, L., Hajek, R., Sauber, E., Kuo, J., & Davis, D. L. (2007). Personal care products that contain estrogens or xenoestrogens may increase breast cancer risk. Medical Hypotheses, 68, 756–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.039.
  • Dunbar, N. M., & Szczepiorkowski, Z. M. (2010). Between the trash can and the freezer: donor education and the fate of cord blood. Transfusion, 51(February), 234–236.
  • Ergün, S., Kaynak, S., Karadaş, A., & Çevik, C. (2019). An Examination of the preferences towards traditional practices in the postnatal period among the women residing in the service area of a family health centre. Journal of Continuing Medical Education. 28(1),37–47. https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.411964.
  • Farr, A., Chervenak, F. A., Mccullough, L. B., Baergen, R. N., & Gru, A. (2018). Human placentophagy: A review. The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 218(4), 401.e1-401.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.08.016.
  • Gönenç, İ. M., Aker, M. N., & Ay, E. (2019). Qualitative study on the experience of lotus birth. JOGNN, September, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2019.08.005 Grieco, D., Lacetera, N., Macis, M., & Martino, D. Di. (2018). Motivating cord blood donation with ınformation and behavioral nudges. Scientific Reports, 8(252), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18679-y.
  • Hayes, E. H. (2016). Consumption of the placenta in the postpartum period. JOGN, 45(1), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2015.10.008.
  • Hayes, E. H. (2019). Placentophagy, lotus birth, and other placenta practices, 99–102. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000402.
  • Johnson, S., & Groten, T. (2018). Placenta – worth trying? Human maternal placentophagia: possible benefit and potential risks. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 78(9),846–852. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0674-6275.
  • Jung, J., Lee, H., Min, J., Na, K., Hwang, S., & Jin, G. (2011). Placenta extract promote liver regeneration in CCl 4 -injured liver rat model. International Immunopharmacology, 11(8), 976–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.02.012.
  • Katz, G., Mills, A., Garcia, J., Hooper, K., McGuckin, C., Platz, A., Rebulla, P., Salvaterra, E., Schmidt, A. H., & Torrabadella, M. (2011). Banking cord blood stem cells: Attitude and knowledge of pregnant women in five European countries. Transfusion, 51(3), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02954.x.
  • Kim, Y., Ahn, J. H., & Kim, M. (2015). Infectious achilles tendinitis after local ınjection of human placental extracts: A case report. The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery, 54(6), 1193–1196. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2015.04.028.
  • Kong, M., & Park, S. B. (2012). Effect of human placental extract on health status in elderly Koreans. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Me, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/732915.
  • Kristal, M. B., DiPirro, J. M., & Thompson, A. C. (2012). Placentophagia in Humans and Nonhuman Mammals: Causes and Consequences. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 51(3), 177–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2012.661325.
  • Kroløkke, C., & Dickinson, E. (2018). The placenta economy: From trashed to treasured bio-products. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 25(2), 138 –153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506816679004.
  • Lauber, S., Latta, M., Klüter, H., & Müller-Steinhardt, M. (2010). The mannheim cord blood bank: experiences and perspectives for the future. Transfus Med Hemother, 37, 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289589.
  • Monroe, K. K., Rubin, A., Mychaliska, K. P., Skoczylas, M., & Burrows, H. L. (2019). Lotus birth: A case series report on umbilical nonseverance. Clinical Pediatrics, 58(1), 88 –94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922818806843.
  • Nolan, R. (2011). Honoring the placenta through art: Making tree of life prints. July/August. http://www.portlandplacentaservices.com/honoring-the-placenta-through-art-making-tree-of-life-placenta-prints.html.
  • Ozturk, S., Tufekci Guducu, F., Kara, A., & Kilic, M. (2017). Knowledge and attitudes about cord blood and cord blood banking: Cross sectional study. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 10(1), 335–341.
  • Pandey, D., Kaur, S., & Kamath, A. (2016). Banking umbilical cord blood (ucb) stem cells: Awareness, attitude and expectations of potential donors from one of the largest potential repository (India). PLOS ONE, 26(May), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155782.
  • Park, H., Shim, H. S., Lee, S., Hahm, D. H., Lee, H., & Oh, C. T. (2018). Anti-stress effects of human placenta extract : possible involvement of the oxidative stress system in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(149), 1–8.
  • Park, K. M., & Cho, T. H. (2017). Therapeutic effect of acupuncture point injection with placental extract in knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(17)60316-9.
  • Qamarazher, A. H. (2017). The Postpartum tradition of sawa mahina in rural Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics, 11(1), 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1515/jef-2017-0008.
  • Saura, B. (2002). Continuity of bodies: The infant’s placenta and the island’s navel in eastern Polynesia. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 111(2), 127–145. Schoenwald, C. (2016). Moms are making umbilical cord art now because of course they are. (Accessed 27.12.2019) https://www.yourtango.com/2016295493/moms-making-umbilical-cord-art-for-childbirth-keepsakes
  • Selander, J., Cantor, A., Young, S. M., Benyshek, D. C., Selander, J., Cantor, A., Young, S. M., & Benyshek, D. C. (2013). Human maternal placentophagy: A survey of self- reported motivations and experiences associated with placenta consumption. Ecol ofFood Nutr, 52, 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2012.719356.
  • Sharma, S., Teijlingen, E. Van, Hundley, V., Angell, C., & Simkhada, P. (2016). Dirty and 40 days in the wilderness: Eliciting childbirth and postnatal cultural practices and beliefs in Nepal. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0938-4.
  • Shinde, V. M., Paradakar, A. R., & Mahadik, K. R. (2009). Human placenta: potential source of bioactive compounds. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 40–51.
  • TÜBA. (2014). National Stem Cell Policies Workshop Report. (Accessed 27.12.2020) http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/T%C3%9CBA-Ulusal%20K%C3%B6k%20H%C3%BCcre%20Politikalar%C4%B1%20%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay%C4%B1%20Raporu.pdf.
  • WHO. (2015). Delayed umbilical cord clamping for improved maternal and infant health and nutrition outcomes. (Accessed 27.12.2020) https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/cord_clamping/en/
  • Zinsser, L. A. (2018). Lotus birth , a holistic approach on physiological cord clamping. Women and Birth, 31(2), e73–e76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.08.127.

Practices Related to Placenta and Umbilical Cord in Postpartum Period

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 71 - 80, 27.04.2022

Öz

Although the physical function of the placenta and cord for the infant ends after birth, the belief that the spiritual and religious function of these materials will continue throughout the life of the infant is prevalent in most countries. Due to this belief, some rituals such as burying, making art and lotus birth are practiced. Especially in recent years, there has been an increase in placentaphagia cases. Additionally, it is known that placenta and umbilical cord, which are rich in young cells, are used in medical and cosmetic fields, mostly for dermal and hematological diseases, and cord blood banking practice is becoming increasingly common. The aim of this review is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and medical practices regarding placenta and umbilical cord, and to inform health professionals dealing with women and her babies on these practices.

Teşekkür

We would like to our sincere thanks to Professor Dr. Nebahat Özerdoğan, who did not spare his support and guided the writing process of the article.

Kaynakça

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2017). Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth. (Accessed 27.12.2020). https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/01/delayed-umbilical-cord-clamping-after-birth.
  • Armson, A., Allan, D. S., & Casper, R. F. (2015). Umbilical cord blood: Counselling, collection, and banking. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 37(9), 832–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30157-2.
  • Azzopardi, J. I., & Blundell, R. (2018). Review : Umbilical cord stem cells. Stem Cell Discover, 8, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4236/scd.2018.81001.
  • Bonsignore, A., Buffelli, F., Ciliberti, R., Ventura, F., & Molinelli, A. (2019). Medico-legal considerations on “Lotus Birth” in the Italian legislative framework. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 45(39), 4–9.
  • Bosco, C. B., & Díaz, E. G. (2018). Placentophagy: A controversial trend. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(6), 1841–1846.
  • Chakraborty, P., & Bhattacharyya, D. (2012). Aqueous extract of human placenta as a therapeutic agent. In: Zheng J, editor. Recent Advances in Research on the Human Placenta. Croatia: InTech; 2012. p. 77–92.
  • Cooper, B. M. (2019). Traveling companions: The burial of the placenta in Niger. African Studies Review, 62(2), 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2018.17.
  • Dickinson, E., Foss, K., & Kroløkke, C. (2017). Empowering disgust: Redefining alternative postpartum placenta practices. Women’s Studies in Communication, 40(1), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2016.1247400.
  • Donovan, M., Tiwary, C. M., Axelrod, D., Sasco, A. J., Jones, L., Hajek, R., Sauber, E., Kuo, J., & Davis, D. L. (2007). Personal care products that contain estrogens or xenoestrogens may increase breast cancer risk. Medical Hypotheses, 68, 756–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.039.
  • Dunbar, N. M., & Szczepiorkowski, Z. M. (2010). Between the trash can and the freezer: donor education and the fate of cord blood. Transfusion, 51(February), 234–236.
  • Ergün, S., Kaynak, S., Karadaş, A., & Çevik, C. (2019). An Examination of the preferences towards traditional practices in the postnatal period among the women residing in the service area of a family health centre. Journal of Continuing Medical Education. 28(1),37–47. https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.411964.
  • Farr, A., Chervenak, F. A., Mccullough, L. B., Baergen, R. N., & Gru, A. (2018). Human placentophagy: A review. The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 218(4), 401.e1-401.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.08.016.
  • Gönenç, İ. M., Aker, M. N., & Ay, E. (2019). Qualitative study on the experience of lotus birth. JOGNN, September, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2019.08.005 Grieco, D., Lacetera, N., Macis, M., & Martino, D. Di. (2018). Motivating cord blood donation with ınformation and behavioral nudges. Scientific Reports, 8(252), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18679-y.
  • Hayes, E. H. (2016). Consumption of the placenta in the postpartum period. JOGN, 45(1), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2015.10.008.
  • Hayes, E. H. (2019). Placentophagy, lotus birth, and other placenta practices, 99–102. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000402.
  • Johnson, S., & Groten, T. (2018). Placenta – worth trying? Human maternal placentophagia: possible benefit and potential risks. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 78(9),846–852. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0674-6275.
  • Jung, J., Lee, H., Min, J., Na, K., Hwang, S., & Jin, G. (2011). Placenta extract promote liver regeneration in CCl 4 -injured liver rat model. International Immunopharmacology, 11(8), 976–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.02.012.
  • Katz, G., Mills, A., Garcia, J., Hooper, K., McGuckin, C., Platz, A., Rebulla, P., Salvaterra, E., Schmidt, A. H., & Torrabadella, M. (2011). Banking cord blood stem cells: Attitude and knowledge of pregnant women in five European countries. Transfusion, 51(3), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02954.x.
  • Kim, Y., Ahn, J. H., & Kim, M. (2015). Infectious achilles tendinitis after local ınjection of human placental extracts: A case report. The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery, 54(6), 1193–1196. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2015.04.028.
  • Kong, M., & Park, S. B. (2012). Effect of human placental extract on health status in elderly Koreans. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Me, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/732915.
  • Kristal, M. B., DiPirro, J. M., & Thompson, A. C. (2012). Placentophagia in Humans and Nonhuman Mammals: Causes and Consequences. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 51(3), 177–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2012.661325.
  • Kroløkke, C., & Dickinson, E. (2018). The placenta economy: From trashed to treasured bio-products. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 25(2), 138 –153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506816679004.
  • Lauber, S., Latta, M., Klüter, H., & Müller-Steinhardt, M. (2010). The mannheim cord blood bank: experiences and perspectives for the future. Transfus Med Hemother, 37, 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289589.
  • Monroe, K. K., Rubin, A., Mychaliska, K. P., Skoczylas, M., & Burrows, H. L. (2019). Lotus birth: A case series report on umbilical nonseverance. Clinical Pediatrics, 58(1), 88 –94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922818806843.
  • Nolan, R. (2011). Honoring the placenta through art: Making tree of life prints. July/August. http://www.portlandplacentaservices.com/honoring-the-placenta-through-art-making-tree-of-life-placenta-prints.html.
  • Ozturk, S., Tufekci Guducu, F., Kara, A., & Kilic, M. (2017). Knowledge and attitudes about cord blood and cord blood banking: Cross sectional study. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 10(1), 335–341.
  • Pandey, D., Kaur, S., & Kamath, A. (2016). Banking umbilical cord blood (ucb) stem cells: Awareness, attitude and expectations of potential donors from one of the largest potential repository (India). PLOS ONE, 26(May), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155782.
  • Park, H., Shim, H. S., Lee, S., Hahm, D. H., Lee, H., & Oh, C. T. (2018). Anti-stress effects of human placenta extract : possible involvement of the oxidative stress system in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(149), 1–8.
  • Park, K. M., & Cho, T. H. (2017). Therapeutic effect of acupuncture point injection with placental extract in knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(17)60316-9.
  • Qamarazher, A. H. (2017). The Postpartum tradition of sawa mahina in rural Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics, 11(1), 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1515/jef-2017-0008.
  • Saura, B. (2002). Continuity of bodies: The infant’s placenta and the island’s navel in eastern Polynesia. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 111(2), 127–145. Schoenwald, C. (2016). Moms are making umbilical cord art now because of course they are. (Accessed 27.12.2019) https://www.yourtango.com/2016295493/moms-making-umbilical-cord-art-for-childbirth-keepsakes
  • Selander, J., Cantor, A., Young, S. M., Benyshek, D. C., Selander, J., Cantor, A., Young, S. M., & Benyshek, D. C. (2013). Human maternal placentophagy: A survey of self- reported motivations and experiences associated with placenta consumption. Ecol ofFood Nutr, 52, 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2012.719356.
  • Sharma, S., Teijlingen, E. Van, Hundley, V., Angell, C., & Simkhada, P. (2016). Dirty and 40 days in the wilderness: Eliciting childbirth and postnatal cultural practices and beliefs in Nepal. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0938-4.
  • Shinde, V. M., Paradakar, A. R., & Mahadik, K. R. (2009). Human placenta: potential source of bioactive compounds. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 40–51.
  • TÜBA. (2014). National Stem Cell Policies Workshop Report. (Accessed 27.12.2020) http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/T%C3%9CBA-Ulusal%20K%C3%B6k%20H%C3%BCcre%20Politikalar%C4%B1%20%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Ftay%C4%B1%20Raporu.pdf.
  • WHO. (2015). Delayed umbilical cord clamping for improved maternal and infant health and nutrition outcomes. (Accessed 27.12.2020) https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/cord_clamping/en/
  • Zinsser, L. A. (2018). Lotus birth , a holistic approach on physiological cord clamping. Women and Birth, 31(2), e73–e76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.08.127.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Suzi Özdemir 0000-0003-2437-9169

Ayşegül Şimşek 0000-0002-2166-1778

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Eylül 2021
Kabul Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdemir, S., & Şimşek, A. (2022). Practices Related to Placenta and Umbilical Cord in Postpartum Period. KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 71-80.