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Ev Kadınlarında Tükenmişlik ve Somatizasyon: Depresyonun Yordayıcıları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 94 - 102, 14.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.22.1.10

Öz

Öncül belirtilerinden biri somatik semptomlar olan depresyonun, evli ve çalışmayan kadınlarda daha yaygın görüldüğü bilinmektedir. Ev kadınlarında depresyon kavramı araştırmacıların sıklıkla üzerinde çalıştığı bir kavram olsa da, alan yazına son yıllarda kazandırılan ve depresyonun yordayıcılarından biri olan tükenmişlik kavramı, somatizasyon ile birlikte henüz ev kadınlarında araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ev kadınlarında tükenmişlik ve somatizasyonun depresyonu yordamadaki rolünü araştırmaktadır. Kesitsel olarak yürütülen bu çalışmaya Türkiye’de yaşayan, evli ve çalışmayan, 20-65 yaş arasında (Ort. =41.74, SS=11.09) 388 kadın katılmıştır. Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi ve Veri Formuna ek olarak, Ev Hanımlarında Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (EHTÖ), Kısa Semptom Envanteri-Somatizasyon alt ölçeği (SCL-90-SOMA) ve Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği (DASS-21)- Depresyon alt ölçeği çevrim içi olarak katılımcılara sunulmuştur. Hiyerarşik çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, yaş, çocuk sayısı ve psikiyatrik tanının ötesinde tükenmişlik ve somatizasyon ev kadınlarında depresyonu pozitif yönde yordamaktadır. Elde edilen bu bulgular dahilinde, ev kadınlarında tükenmişliğe yönelik müdahale çalışmaları yapılmasının ve somatik belirtilerin depresyonun öncül sinyalleri olarak değerlendirilmesinin depresyonun klinik tablosu ile mücadelede yol göstereceği olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

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  • Ali, A., Deuri, S. P., Deuri, S. K., Jahan, M., Singh, A. R., & Verma, A. N. (2010). Perceived social support and life satisfaction in persons with somatization disorder. Industrial psychiatry journal, 19(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.90342 Alkın, T. (1999). Somatizasyonda Biyolojik Etmenler, Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1:18-26.
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  • Bianchi, R., Boffy, C., Hingray, C., Truchot, D., & Laurent, E. (2013). Comparative symptomatology of burnout and depression. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(6), 782-787. doi:10.1177/1359105313481079
  • Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2015). Burnout–depression overlap: A review. Clinical Psychology Review,36, 28-41. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004
  • Bikkina, N. (2013). Somatization as a Form of Common Mental Disorder: A Hospital based Study. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 8(2), 223.
  • Bittman, M., Rice, J. M., & Wajcman, J. (2004). Appliances and their impact: The ownership of domestic technology and time spent on household work. The British Journal of Sociology, 55(3), 401-423. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00026.x
  • Champagne, C., Pailhe, A., & Solaz, A. (2015). House-keeping and parenting time of men and women: what factors have driven change over the past 25 years?.Economie & Statistique.
  • Çetin, İ., Bilici, M., Bekaroğlu, M., Köroğlu, M. A., & Uluutku, N. (1999). Sağlık ocaklarına başvuran hastalarda depresyon yaygınlığı ve depresyonun sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi. 35. Ulusal Psikiyatri Kongresi ve Uluslar Arası Kros-Kültürel Psikiyatri Uydu Sempozyumu, Trabzon.
  • Çilli, A. S., Kaya, N., Bodur, S., Özkan, İ., & Kucur, R. (2004). Ev kadınlarında ve çalışan evli kadınlarda psikolojik belirtilerin karşılaştırılması. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 14(1), 1-5.
  • Dağ, I. (1991). Belirti Tarama Listesi (Scl-90-R)'nin Üniversite Öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi.
  • Dean, J. A., & Wilson, K. (2009). ‘Education? It is irrelevant to my job Now. it makes me very DEPRESSED’: Exploring the health impacts OF UNDER/UNEMPLOYMENT among highly skilled recent immigrants in Canada. Ethnicity & Health, 14(2), 185-204. doi:10.1080/13557850802227049
  • de la Rubia, J. M., Ramírez, M. T. G., & Hernández, R. L. (2010). Factor Structure of the STAXI-2-AX and its relationship to burnout in housewives. The Spanish journal of psychology, 13(1), 418-430.
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Cleary, P. A. (1977). Factorial invariance across gender for the primary symptom dimensions of the scl-90. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16(4), 347-356. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1977.tb00241.x
  • Durak, E. Ş., & Durak, M. Psychometric Evaluation of the Turkish Version of the Housewives Burnout Questionnaire (CUBAC). AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 128-145.
  • Fallahzadeh, H., Ghafarikia, M., Keyghobady, N., & Saadati, H. (2014). Comparison of depression and anxiety in employed women with housewives women in Shiraz City in 2012. The Journal of Toloo-e-behdasht, 13(1), 115-23.
  • Glass, D. C., & McKnight, J. D. (1996). Perceived control, depressive symptomatology, and professional burnout: A review of the evidence. Psychology & Health, 11(1), 23-48. doi:10.1080/08870449608401975
  • Gove, W. R., & Tudor, J. F. (1973). Adult sex roles and mental illness. American Journal of Sociology, 78(4), 812-835. doi:10.1086/225404
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  • Kapci, E. G., Uslu, R., Turkcapar, H., & Karaoglan, A. (2008). Beck depression Inventory II: Evaluation of the psychometric properties and cut-off points in a Turkish adult population. Depression and Anxiety, 25(10). doi:10.1002/da.20371
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  • Kuehner, C. (2017). Why is depression more common among women than among men? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(2), 146-158. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30263-2
  • Lachance-Grzela, M., & Bouchard, G. (2010). More on the gendered division of Household labor: A response to commentators. Sex Roles, 63(11-12), 801-806. doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9885-0
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Housewife Burnout and Somatization: Predictors of Depression

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 94 - 102, 14.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.22.1.10

Öz

It is known that somatic symptoms as a sign for depression and depression is more prevalent among women who are married and non-worker. Even though frequently research focus on depression, burnout that related to depression have not been examined with somatization among housewives. This study examines the predictive role of burnout and somatization on depression among housewives. A total of 388 women living in Turkey, aged between 20-65 (M=41.74, SD=11.09) were involved this cross-sectional study. In addition to a socio-demographic and information form, Housewives Burnout Questionnaire (CUBAC), Short Form Symptom Check List- Somatization subscale (SCL-90-SOMA) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) depression subscale were given to participants via online platfom. Hierarchical multiple regression results demonstrated that beyond the age, number of child and psychiatric diagnosis burnout and somatization predicted positive depression among housewives. Findings highlighted the prevent housewife burnout and considering somatic symptoms as prior signal of depression should be prioritized to cope with depression among housewives.

Kaynakça

  • Albert, P. (2015). Why is depression more prevalent in women? Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 40(4), 219-221. doi:10.1503/jpn.150205
  • Ali, A., Deuri, S. P., Deuri, S. K., Jahan, M., Singh, A. R., & Verma, A. N. (2010). Perceived social support and life satisfaction in persons with somatization disorder. Industrial psychiatry journal, 19(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.90342 Alkın, T. (1999). Somatizasyonda Biyolojik Etmenler, Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1:18-26.
  • Barsky, A. J., Peekna, H. M., & Borus, J. F. (2001). Somatic symptom reporting in women and men. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(4), 266-275. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016004266.x
  • Beck, A. T. Depression: Causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967.
  • Bernard, J. (1971). Women and the public interest: An essay on policy and protest. Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton.
  • Bianchi, R., Boffy, C., Hingray, C., Truchot, D., & Laurent, E. (2013). Comparative symptomatology of burnout and depression. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(6), 782-787. doi:10.1177/1359105313481079
  • Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2015). Burnout–depression overlap: A review. Clinical Psychology Review,36, 28-41. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004
  • Bikkina, N. (2013). Somatization as a Form of Common Mental Disorder: A Hospital based Study. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 8(2), 223.
  • Bittman, M., Rice, J. M., & Wajcman, J. (2004). Appliances and their impact: The ownership of domestic technology and time spent on household work. The British Journal of Sociology, 55(3), 401-423. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00026.x
  • Champagne, C., Pailhe, A., & Solaz, A. (2015). House-keeping and parenting time of men and women: what factors have driven change over the past 25 years?.Economie & Statistique.
  • Çetin, İ., Bilici, M., Bekaroğlu, M., Köroğlu, M. A., & Uluutku, N. (1999). Sağlık ocaklarına başvuran hastalarda depresyon yaygınlığı ve depresyonun sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi. 35. Ulusal Psikiyatri Kongresi ve Uluslar Arası Kros-Kültürel Psikiyatri Uydu Sempozyumu, Trabzon.
  • Çilli, A. S., Kaya, N., Bodur, S., Özkan, İ., & Kucur, R. (2004). Ev kadınlarında ve çalışan evli kadınlarda psikolojik belirtilerin karşılaştırılması. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 14(1), 1-5.
  • Dağ, I. (1991). Belirti Tarama Listesi (Scl-90-R)'nin Üniversite Öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi.
  • Dean, J. A., & Wilson, K. (2009). ‘Education? It is irrelevant to my job Now. it makes me very DEPRESSED’: Exploring the health impacts OF UNDER/UNEMPLOYMENT among highly skilled recent immigrants in Canada. Ethnicity & Health, 14(2), 185-204. doi:10.1080/13557850802227049
  • de la Rubia, J. M., Ramírez, M. T. G., & Hernández, R. L. (2010). Factor Structure of the STAXI-2-AX and its relationship to burnout in housewives. The Spanish journal of psychology, 13(1), 418-430.
  • Derogatis, L. R., & Cleary, P. A. (1977). Factorial invariance across gender for the primary symptom dimensions of the scl-90. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16(4), 347-356. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1977.tb00241.x
  • Durak, E. Ş., & Durak, M. Psychometric Evaluation of the Turkish Version of the Housewives Burnout Questionnaire (CUBAC). AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 128-145.
  • Fallahzadeh, H., Ghafarikia, M., Keyghobady, N., & Saadati, H. (2014). Comparison of depression and anxiety in employed women with housewives women in Shiraz City in 2012. The Journal of Toloo-e-behdasht, 13(1), 115-23.
  • Glass, D. C., & McKnight, J. D. (1996). Perceived control, depressive symptomatology, and professional burnout: A review of the evidence. Psychology & Health, 11(1), 23-48. doi:10.1080/08870449608401975
  • Gove, W. R., & Tudor, J. F. (1973). Adult sex roles and mental illness. American Journal of Sociology, 78(4), 812-835. doi:10.1086/225404
  • Gureje, O., Üstün, T. B., & Simon, G. E. (1997). The syndrome of hypochondriasis: A cross-national study in primary care. Psychological Medicine, 27(5), 1001-1010. doi:10.1017/s0033291797005345
  • Hasin, D. S., Goodwin, R. D., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2005). Epidemiology of major depressive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(10), 1097. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.10.1097
  • Hoshino, A., Amano, S., Suzuki, K., & Suwa, M. (2016). Relationships between depression and stress factors in housework and paid work among Japanese women. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 27(1), 35-41. doi:10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.03.001
  • Kapci, E. G., Uslu, R., Turkcapar, H., & Karaoglan, A. (2008). Beck depression Inventory II: Evaluation of the psychometric properties and cut-off points in a Turkish adult population. Depression and Anxiety, 25(10). doi:10.1002/da.20371
  • Kaschka, W. P., Korczak, D., & Broich, K. (2011). Burnout: a fashionable diagnosis. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 108(46), 781.
  • Kessler, R. C., & Bromet, E. J. (2013). The epidemiology of depression across cultures. Annual Review of Public Health,34(1), 119-138. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409
  • Kılıç, M. (1987). “Değişik Psikolojik Arazlara Sahip Olan ve Olmayan Öğrencilerin Sorunları’’, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Koptagel-İlal, G. (1999). Hekimlik açısından somatizasyon ve somatoform bozukluklar. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 1, 50-54.
  • Kuehner, C. (2017). Why is depression more common among women than among men? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(2), 146-158. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30263-2
  • Lachance-Grzela, M., & Bouchard, G. (2010). More on the gendered division of Household labor: A response to commentators. Sex Roles, 63(11-12), 801-806. doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9885-0
  • Lebert-Charron, A., Dorard, G., Boujut, E., & Wendland, J. (2018). Maternal burnout SYNDROME: Contextual and PSYCHOLOGICAL associated factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00885
  • Lindahl Norberg, A. (2007). Burnout in mothers and fathers of children Surviving brain tumour. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 14(2), 130-137. doi:10.1007/s10880-007-9063-x
  • Lingeswaran, A. (2011). Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of depression: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Indian J Psychol Med; 33:35–44
  • Lipowski, Z. J. (1987). Somatization: The experience and communication of psychological distress as somatic symptoms. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 47(3-4), 160-167. doi:10.1159/000288013
  • Lovibond, P., & Lovibond, S. (1995). The structure of negative emotional States: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety STRESS SCALES (DASS) with the Beck depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
  • Lundberg, U., Mardberg, B., & Frankenhaeuser, M. (1994). The total workload of male and female white collar workers as related to age, occupational level, and number of children. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,35(4), 315-327. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1994.tb00956.x
  • Maji, S. (2018). Society and ‘good woman’: A critical review of gender difference in depression. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(4), 396-405. doi:10.1177/0020764018765023
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
  • O’Campo, P., Eaton, W. W., & Muntaner, C. (2004). Labor market experience, work Organization, gender inequalities and health Status: Results from a PROSPECTIVE analysis of US employed women. Social Science & Medicine, 58(3), 585-594. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00230-2
  • Ozmen, E., Demet, M. M., Gulseren, L., & Kultur III, S. (1993). DSM III Diagnoses among the patients who admitted to psychiatry outpatient clinic with somatic complaints. Dusunen Adam Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 6, 16-21.
  • Özaydınlık, K. (2014). Toplumsal cinsiyet temelinde Türkiye’de kadın ve eğitim. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, (33).
  • Özmen, M. (1999). Depresyonun Psikoterapisi. İçinde: Depresyon, Somatizasyon ve Psikiyatrik Aciller. Ed: Eker E, İstanbul Üniversitesi. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Eğitimi Komisyonu Yayını, İstanbul, (17), 121-131.
  • Patel, V., Araya, R., De Lima, M., Ludermir, A., & Todd, C. (1999). Women, poverty and common mental disorders in four restructuring societies. Social Science & Medicine, 49(11), 1461-1471. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00208-7
  • Patten, S. B., Williams, J. V., Lavorato, D. H., Bulloch, A. G., Wiens, K., & Wang, J. (2016). Why is major depression prevalence not changing?. Journal of affective disorders, 190, 93-97.
  • Paul, K. I., & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational Behavior,74(3), 264-282. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.001
  • Paul, K. I., Geithner, E., & Moser, K. (2009). Latent deprivation among people who are Employed, unemployed, or out of the labor force. The Journal of Psychology, 143(5), 477-491. doi:10.3200/jrl.143.5.477-491
  • Perales, F., Baxter, J., & Tai, T. (2015). Gender, justice and work: A distributive approach to perceptions of housework fairness. Social Science Research, 51, 51-63. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.12.010
  • Ramírez, M. T. G., Hernández, R. L., & de la Rubia, J. M. (2009). Cuestionario de burnout para amas de casa (CUBAC): evaluación de sus propiedades psicométricas y del modelo secuencial de burnout. Universitas Psychologica, 8(2), 533-544.
  • Raykov, T. (2001). Bias of coefficient afor fixed congeneric measures with correlated errors. Applied Psychological Measurement, 25(1), 69-76. doi:10.1177/01466216010251005
  • Raykov, T. (2001). Estimation of congeneric scale reliability using covariance structure analysis with nonlinear constraints. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 54(2), 315-323.
  • Razali, S. M. (2017). Medically Unexplained Symptoms: Concept and Mechanisms. International Medical Journal, 24(1).
  • Renk, K., Roberts, R., Roddenberry, A., Luick, M., Hillhouse, S., Meehan, C., Phares, V. (2003). Mothers, fathers, gender role, and time parents spend with their children. Sex Roles, 48, 305– 315. doi.org/10.1023/A:1022934412910
  • Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Seeley, J. R. (1991). Comorbidity of unipolar depression: Ii. comorbidity with other mental disorders in adolescents and adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(2), 214-222. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.2.214
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  • Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu (2013) Türki- ye Kronik Hastalıklar ve Risk Faktörleri Çalışması, Ankara.
  • Salvagioni, D. A., Melanda, F. N., Mesas, A. E., González, A. D., Gabani, F. L., & Andrade, S. M. (2017). Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. PLOS ONE, 12(10). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185781
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  • Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2009). Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14(3), 204-220. doi:10.1108/13620430910966406
  • Schaufeli, W., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Spendlove, D. C., Gavelek, J. R., & MacMurray, V. (1981). Learned helplessness and the depressed housewife. Social Work, 26(6), 474-479. doi:10.1093/sw/26.6.474
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Hüner Şencan.
  • Terrill, A.L., Garofalo, J.P., Soliday, E. & Craft, R. (2012). Multiple roles and stress burden in women: A conceptual model of heart disease risk. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 17(1), 4-22. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9861.2011.00071.x
  • Thompson, RJ, Mata, J, Jaeggi, SM, Buschkuehl, M, Jonides, J. & Gotlib, IH. (2010). Maladaptive coping, adaptive coping, and depressive symptoms: variations across age and depressive state. Behav Res Ther. 48(6):459-66. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.01.007
  • World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates (No. WHO/MSD/MER/2017.2). World Health Organization.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2007). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, M., & Akyol, A. (1995). Somatizasyon ve konversiyon bozuklukları: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., Hakan, B. O. Z., & Arslan, A. (2017). Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeğinin (DASS 21) Türkçe kisa formunun geçerlilik-güvenilirlik çalişmasi. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 78-91
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Selin Karaköse 0000-0001-8629-4422

Ayşe Ulusoy 0000-0002-3250-2916

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Mart 2022
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaköse, S., & Ulusoy, A. (2022). Ev Kadınlarında Tükenmişlik ve Somatizasyon: Depresyonun Yordayıcıları. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 4(1), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.22.1.10