BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Turkish Adaptation of Distributed Leadership Inventory:The Validity and Reliability Studies

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 575 - 598, 01.05.2012

Öz

Introduction. Leadership process is an important variable in order for accomplishing the organizational goals (Bass & Avolio, 1994; Rukmani, Ramesh & Jayakrishnan, 2010). There is also positive correlation between effective leadership behaviors of school administrators and reaching the schools' targets (Bossert, Dwyer, Rowan & Lee, 1982; Edmonds, 1979; Hallinger & Heck, 1998). For these reasons, studies on educational leadership have increased for the last thirty years (Andrews & Soder, 1987; Hallinger, 1990, 2003, 2010). Traditionally, leadership studies have mainly concentrated on the solo leaders. According to this approach, the leaders have been conceptualized as if they were supernatural hero. Similarly, the leadership theories including trait, behavioral and contingency examined the leadership processes just concentrating on the leaders and followers. Inaddition, transformative, transactional and instructional leadership studies have also tried to understand the effect of leaders on organizational outcomes (Bass, 1985; Burns, 1978; Hallinger & Murphy, 1985). However, the solo leadership approaches have been criticized by some scholars recently just because they are not suitable for the modern organizations (Elmore, 2000; Gronn, 2000, 2002; Harris & et al., 2007; Spillane, 2005). These authors have introduced an alternative leadership paradigm which they named it as distributed leadership. According to the theorists of distributed leadership, leadership processes is distributed across whole organization in modern organization. Especially division of labor, increased organizational levels and organizational complexity has played a determining role in appearance of the distributed leadership paradigm. When it is examined in educational context it is argued that schools should not be administered solely by the principals, but the other stakeholders such as assistant principals, teachers, parents and even students should also participate in the decision-making in schools. This new trend led to a new leadership study under the name of distributed leadership especially in foreign literature (Haris et al., 2007; Hulpia, Devos & Keer, 2011; Lashway, 2003; Spillane, 2006). But, there is a lack of empirical research in Turkish literature on distributed leadership. There are only few studies concentrating on the distributed leadership in Turkish literature (e.g. Baloğlu, 2011; Korkmaz & Gündüz, 2011). When examined in detail, it is ederstood that those studies are not directly measure the distributed leadership levels at schools. Therefore it is assumed that there is a need for measuring the distributed leadership level in Turkish schools. However, there is not a suitable scale for this purpose in Turkish context.Purpose. The purpose of the study was to adapt a useful distributed leadership scale for Turkish schools. In line with this purpose, it was decided that the Distributed Leadership Inventory (DLI) developed by andet al. (2009) could be one of those tools. Therefore, present study aimed to investigate whether DLI was a valid and reliable data collectin tool in Turkish culture. Method. 160 voluntary teachers from eight schools located in four districts of the province of Ankara participated in the current research. Data were collected with the Turkish version of DLI which was originally developed by Hulpia and et al in 2009. The 23 items-DLI is composed of two sub-scales; one is leadership functions (13-items) and the other is leadership team characteristics (10-items). The original DLI was firstly translated into Turkish and then Turkish form was re-translated into English by experts in educational administration and English language. After translations process, the DLI wasadministered to the participants by the researcher. 160 scales were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the factor structure of the sub-scales of the DLI. The reliability studies were calculated with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, two half test correlation and Sperman-Brown reliability coefficient. Statistical calculations were made wih SPPS. 18 version. Findings and Discussion. Factor analysis of the DLI showed that the subscales of the DLI were made of single factor structure. Leadership function sub-scale explains 69.67 percent of the variation for the principals, 63.26 percent for the head assistant principals and 70.15 percent for the assistant principals. In addition, Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient values were calculated as follows: [α = .96] for principals; [α = .95] for head principal assistants and [α = .96] for assistant principals. Factor analysis of the leadership team characteristics revealed that this sub-scales is also made of single factor structure and explains 81.92 percent of the variation. Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency value of this sub-scale was calculated as .98. All these findings are parallel with the findings of the original DLE study (Hulpia et al., 2009). Conclusion. With the present study it is understood that Turkish version of DLI can be used as valid and reliable data collection tool in distributed leadership studies in Turkish school.

Kaynakça

  • Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Organizational and Occupational Psychology, 72, 441-462.
  • Baloğlu, N. (2011). Dağıtımcı liderlik: okullarda dikkate alınması gereken bir liderlik yaklaşımı. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(3), 127-148.
  • Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. California: SAGE.
  • Bossert, S. T., Dwyer, D. C., Rowan, B., & Lee, G. V. (1982). The instructional management role of the principal. Educational Administration Quarterly, 18, 34-64.
  • Buluç, B. (2009). İlköğretim okullarında bürokratik okul yapısı ile okul müdürlerinin liderlik stilleri arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim ve Bilim, 34(152), 71-86.
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Çelik, V. (2000). Eğitimsel liderlik. Ankara: Pegem A.
  • Cheney, G. (1995). Democracy in the workplace: theory and practice from the perspective of communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 23, 167-200.
  • Chiles, A. M., & Zorn, T. E. (1995). Empowerment in organizations: employees’ perceptions of the influences of empowerment. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 23, 1-25.
  • Coleman, M., & Earley, P. (2005). Leadership and management in education. New York: Oxford University.
  • Dachler, H. P., & Wilpert, B. (1978). Conceptual dimensions and boundaries of participation in organizations: a critical evaluation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 1-39.
  • Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37, 15-24.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building a new structure for school leadership. Washington DC: The Albert Shanker Institute.
  • Gibb, C. A. (1954). Leadership. In G. Lindzey (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology, Vol. 2 (pp. 877–917). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: a new architecture for leadership. Educational Management and Administration, 28(3), 317-338.
  • Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The leadership Quarterly, 13, 423-451.
  • Gümüşeli, A. İ. (1996). İstanbul ilindeki ilköğretim okulu müdürlerinin öğretim liderliği davranışları (Yayımlanmamış araştırma). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Hallinger, P. (1990). Developing the strategic thinking of instructional leaders. The Elementary School Journal, 91(2), 89-108.
  • Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-351.
  • Hallinger, P. (2010). Leadership for learning: lessons from 40 years of empirical research. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(2), 125-142.
  • Hallinger, P., & Murhpy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217-248.
  • Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (1998). Exploring the principal’s contribution to school effectiveness. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157-191.
  • Harris, A., Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., & Hopkins, D. (2007). Distributed leadership and organizational change: Reviewing the evidence. Journal of Educational Change, 8, 337-347.
  • Heck, R. H., & Hallinger, P. (2009). Assessing the contribution of distributed leadershipto school improvement and growth in math achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 46, 659-689.
  • Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Rosseel, Y. (2009). Development and validation of scores on the distributed leadership inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(6), 1013-1034.
  • Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Keer, H. V. (2011). The relation between school leadership from a distributed perspective and teachers’ organizational commitment: examining the source of the leadership function. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(5), 728-771.
  • Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2001). Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI). (Revised 2nd Edition: Online Version). http://consummatecoaching.com/images/LPI-WB_book.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2011.
  • Korkmaz, M. (2008). Okul müdürlerinin liderlik stilleri ile öğrenen örgüt özellikleri arasındaki ilişki üzerine nicel bir araştırma. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 53, 75-98.
  • Korkmaz, E. ve Gündüz, H. B. (2011). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin dağıtımcı liderlik davranışlarını gösterme düzeyi. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 123-153.
  • Lashway, L. (2003). Distributed leadership. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No: ED477356).
  • Macbeath, J. (2005). Leadership as distributed: A matter of practice. School Leadership and Management, 25, 349-366.
  • Marshall, A. A., & Stohl, C. (1993). Participating as participation: a network approach. Communication Monographs, 60, 137–157.
  • Mayo, M., Meindl, J. R., & Pastor, J. C. (2003). Shared leadership in work teams: A social network approach. In C. L. Pearce & J. A. Conger (Eds.), Shared leadership reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 193-214). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Özdemir, M. (2012). The impact of principals’ instructional leadership behaviors on teachers’ attitudes toward work: some evidence from Turkey. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 4(6), 147-153.
  • Rost, J. C. (1993). Leadership for the twenty-first century. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Rowan, B. (1990). Commitment and control: Alternative strategies for the organizational design of schools. In C. Cazden (Ed.), Review of Research in Education. Washington, D.C: American Educational Research Association.
  • Rukmani, K., Ramesh, M., & Jayakrishnan, J. (2010). Effect of leadership styles on organizational effectiveness. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15(3), 365-370.
  • Sheppard, B., Hurley, N., & Dibbon, D. (2010). Distributed leadership, teacher morale, and teacher enthusiasm: unravelling the leadership pathways to school success. Paper presented at American Educational Research Association Denver, Colorado.
  • Silins, H. C., Mulford, W. R., & Zarins, S. (2002). Organizational learning and school change. Educational Administration Quarterly, 38, 613-642.
  • Smylie, M. A., Lazarus, V., & Conyers, J. B. (1996). Instructional outcomes of school-based participated decision-making. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 18(3), 181-198.
  • Spillane, J. (2005). Distributed leadership. The Educational Forum, 69(2), 143150.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Spillane, J., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. (2001). Towards a theory of leadership practice: a distributed perspective. Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research Working Article.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Vredenburgh, D., & Brender, Y. (1993). The relevance of democracy to organizational management. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 6, 99-114.
  • Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organisations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 575 - 598, 01.05.2012

Öz

Bu araştırmada Hulpia, Devos ve Rosseel'in (2009) geliştirmiş oldukları Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin (DLE) Türkçe uyarlaması kapsamında geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla Ankara iline bağlı dört merkez ilçedeki sekiz okulda görev yapan toplam 160 öğretmenin görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Katılımcıların 23 maddeden oluşan DLE'nin, liderlik fonksiyonları ve liderlik ekibi uyumu alt-ölçeklerine ilişkin görüşleri sorgulanmıştır. DLE'nin alt-ölçeklerinin geçerlik çalışması, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA); güvenirlik çalışması ise Cronbach's Alpha, iki eş yarı korelâsyonları ve Sperman-Brown güvenirlik katsayısı ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda DLE'nin liderlik fonksiyonları ve liderlik ekibi uyumu alt-ölçeklerinin tek faktör yapısına sahip ve Türk okullarında uygulamaya elverişli geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek oldukları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada DLE'nin Türkçe versiyonunun, dağıtımcı liderlik araştırmalarında kullanılabilecek uygun bir veri toplama aracı olduğu genel sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Organizational and Occupational Psychology, 72, 441-462.
  • Baloğlu, N. (2011). Dağıtımcı liderlik: okullarda dikkate alınması gereken bir liderlik yaklaşımı. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(3), 127-148.
  • Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. California: SAGE.
  • Bossert, S. T., Dwyer, D. C., Rowan, B., & Lee, G. V. (1982). The instructional management role of the principal. Educational Administration Quarterly, 18, 34-64.
  • Buluç, B. (2009). İlköğretim okullarında bürokratik okul yapısı ile okul müdürlerinin liderlik stilleri arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim ve Bilim, 34(152), 71-86.
  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Çelik, V. (2000). Eğitimsel liderlik. Ankara: Pegem A.
  • Cheney, G. (1995). Democracy in the workplace: theory and practice from the perspective of communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 23, 167-200.
  • Chiles, A. M., & Zorn, T. E. (1995). Empowerment in organizations: employees’ perceptions of the influences of empowerment. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 23, 1-25.
  • Coleman, M., & Earley, P. (2005). Leadership and management in education. New York: Oxford University.
  • Dachler, H. P., & Wilpert, B. (1978). Conceptual dimensions and boundaries of participation in organizations: a critical evaluation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 1-39.
  • Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37, 15-24.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building a new structure for school leadership. Washington DC: The Albert Shanker Institute.
  • Gibb, C. A. (1954). Leadership. In G. Lindzey (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology, Vol. 2 (pp. 877–917). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: a new architecture for leadership. Educational Management and Administration, 28(3), 317-338.
  • Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The leadership Quarterly, 13, 423-451.
  • Gümüşeli, A. İ. (1996). İstanbul ilindeki ilköğretim okulu müdürlerinin öğretim liderliği davranışları (Yayımlanmamış araştırma). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Hallinger, P. (1990). Developing the strategic thinking of instructional leaders. The Elementary School Journal, 91(2), 89-108.
  • Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-351.
  • Hallinger, P. (2010). Leadership for learning: lessons from 40 years of empirical research. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(2), 125-142.
  • Hallinger, P., & Murhpy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217-248.
  • Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (1998). Exploring the principal’s contribution to school effectiveness. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157-191.
  • Harris, A., Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., & Hopkins, D. (2007). Distributed leadership and organizational change: Reviewing the evidence. Journal of Educational Change, 8, 337-347.
  • Heck, R. H., & Hallinger, P. (2009). Assessing the contribution of distributed leadershipto school improvement and growth in math achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 46, 659-689.
  • Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Rosseel, Y. (2009). Development and validation of scores on the distributed leadership inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(6), 1013-1034.
  • Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Keer, H. V. (2011). The relation between school leadership from a distributed perspective and teachers’ organizational commitment: examining the source of the leadership function. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(5), 728-771.
  • Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2001). Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI). (Revised 2nd Edition: Online Version). http://consummatecoaching.com/images/LPI-WB_book.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2011.
  • Korkmaz, M. (2008). Okul müdürlerinin liderlik stilleri ile öğrenen örgüt özellikleri arasındaki ilişki üzerine nicel bir araştırma. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 53, 75-98.
  • Korkmaz, E. ve Gündüz, H. B. (2011). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin dağıtımcı liderlik davranışlarını gösterme düzeyi. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 123-153.
  • Lashway, L. (2003). Distributed leadership. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No: ED477356).
  • Macbeath, J. (2005). Leadership as distributed: A matter of practice. School Leadership and Management, 25, 349-366.
  • Marshall, A. A., & Stohl, C. (1993). Participating as participation: a network approach. Communication Monographs, 60, 137–157.
  • Mayo, M., Meindl, J. R., & Pastor, J. C. (2003). Shared leadership in work teams: A social network approach. In C. L. Pearce & J. A. Conger (Eds.), Shared leadership reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 193-214). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Özdemir, M. (2012). The impact of principals’ instructional leadership behaviors on teachers’ attitudes toward work: some evidence from Turkey. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 4(6), 147-153.
  • Rost, J. C. (1993). Leadership for the twenty-first century. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Rowan, B. (1990). Commitment and control: Alternative strategies for the organizational design of schools. In C. Cazden (Ed.), Review of Research in Education. Washington, D.C: American Educational Research Association.
  • Rukmani, K., Ramesh, M., & Jayakrishnan, J. (2010). Effect of leadership styles on organizational effectiveness. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15(3), 365-370.
  • Sheppard, B., Hurley, N., & Dibbon, D. (2010). Distributed leadership, teacher morale, and teacher enthusiasm: unravelling the leadership pathways to school success. Paper presented at American Educational Research Association Denver, Colorado.
  • Silins, H. C., Mulford, W. R., & Zarins, S. (2002). Organizational learning and school change. Educational Administration Quarterly, 38, 613-642.
  • Smylie, M. A., Lazarus, V., & Conyers, J. B. (1996). Instructional outcomes of school-based participated decision-making. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 18(3), 181-198.
  • Spillane, J. (2005). Distributed leadership. The Educational Forum, 69(2), 143150.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Spillane, J., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. (2001). Towards a theory of leadership practice: a distributed perspective. Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research Working Article.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Vredenburgh, D., & Brender, Y. (1993). The relevance of democracy to organizational management. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 6, 99-114.
  • Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organisations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Özdemir Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdemir, M. (2012). Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 4(4), 575-598.
AMA Özdemir M. Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. Mayıs 2012;4(4):575-598.
Chicago Özdemir, Murat. “Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları”. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 4, sy. 4 (Mayıs 2012): 575-98.
EndNote Özdemir M (01 Mayıs 2012) Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 4 4 575–598.
IEEE M. Özdemir, “Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları”, Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, c. 4, sy. 4, ss. 575–598, 2012.
ISNAD Özdemir, Murat. “Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları”. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 4/4 (Mayıs 2012), 575-598.
JAMA Özdemir M. Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 2012;4:575–598.
MLA Özdemir, Murat. “Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları”. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, c. 4, sy. 4, 2012, ss. 575-98.
Vancouver Özdemir M. Dağıtımcı Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 2012;4(4):575-98.