Iranian Priests in the Context of Pre-Sassanid Iranian Mazdeism and Its Impact: Magians

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1 - 23, 16.09.2022

Nevfel Akyar

Öz

Contrary to popular belief, Iran's ancient religion, Zoroastrianism, goes back much earlier than Zoroaster. Although Zoroaster's being both a prophet and a priest has an important role in this, the main factor is that the beliefs based on the ancient Aryans were continued by the clergy after Zoroaster. Although there are different dates for the emergence of Zoroaster, today's researchers such as Mary Boyce, Albert de Jong, and Frantz Grenet agree between the twentieth century BC and the tenth century BC with reference to the etymology of the Gatas. It is known that after the appearance of Zoroaster, Iranian clergy showed regional differences in rituals and were called by different names. However, it is estimated that they united under the name of magi over time and especially just before the emergence of the Sassanid State. Our study focuses on the influence of the magians on Iran and Zoroastrianism, as well as their religious and ethnic origins, rituals, religious and secular activities, and their effectiveness outside Iran. However, since the clergy gained an institutional identity in post-Sassanid Iran and was divided into different branches under the name of muğ, it was not included in this study. On the other hand, we consider that this study will shed some light on the background of the activities of the ancient clergy in Sassanid and Islamic period Iran.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Zoroastrianism, Mazdeism, Magi, Athravan

Sâsâni Öncesi İran Mazdeizm’i ve Ona Etkisi Bağlamında İran Ruhbanları: Muğlar

Öz

İran’ın kadim dini Zerdüştîlik, sanılanın aksine Zerdüşt’ten çok daha öncelere uzanmaktadır. Bunda Zerdüşt’ün hem peygamber hem de din adamı olmasının önemli bir payı bulunmakla birlikte asıl etken eski Aryanlara dayanan inançların Zerdüşt sonrasında da din adamlarınca devam ettirilmiş olmasıdır. Zerdüşt’ün ortaya çıkışıyla ilgili farklı tarihlendirmeler olmakla birlikte Mary Boyce, Albert de Jong ve Frantz Grenet gibi günümüz araştırmacıları Gatalar’ın etimolojisinden referansla MÖ yirminci yüzyıl ile MÖ onuncu yüzyıllar arasında mutabık kalmaktadırlar. Zerdüşt’ün zuhuru sonrasında İranlı din adamlarının bölgesel olarak ritüel farklılıklar gösterdikleri ve farklı isimlerle anıldıkları bilinmektedir. Ancak zamanla ve özellikle Sâsâni Devletinin ortaya çıkmasından hemen önce muğ adı altında birleştikleri tahmin edilmektedir. Çalışmamız muğların İran’a ve Zerdüştîliğe etkisinin yanı sıra dini ve etnik kökenleri, ritüelleri, dini ve seküler faaliyetleri ve İran dışındaki etkililikleri üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Sâsâni sonrası İran’da din adamlığı kurumsal bir hüviyet kazandığı ve muğ adı altında farklı dallara ayrıldığı için bu çalışmamız içine alınmamıştır. Aynı zamanda bu çalışmanın söz konusu din adamlarının Sâsâni ve İslam dönemi İran’ındaki faaliyetlerinin arka planına bir nevi ışık tutacağını düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Zerdüştîlik, Mazdeizm, Muğ, Atravan

Kaynakça

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