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Depremde Organizmaların Hareketsizlik Sürecinde Ortaya Çıkabilecek Metabolik Bozukluklar

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 85 - 91, 05.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.58688/kujs.1355979

Öz

Ölümcül depremler dünyada ve ülkemizde sıkça karşılaşılan bir olay haline gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla deprem sırasında ve sonrasında hastanede yatan ölümlerle ilişkili faktörleri anlamak, deprem sonrası hastaneye yatan hastalarda ölüm oranını azaltmak, kronik hastalıkların ve metabolik bozuklukların azaltılmasına yardımcı olmak amacıyla yapılan bir çalışmadır. Bugüne kadar depremde yatan hasta ölümleriyle ilgili farklı faktörler tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Pub Med, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Google Academy ve ULAKBİM elektronik veri tabanları "deprem" "immobilizasyon" "egzersiz ve pH dengesi", "asidoz", "ketozis" "immobilizasyon" "oksidatif" stres” ve diğer anahtar kelimeler. Elektronik tarama ile ulaşılan ilgili tüm makalelerin başlıkları ve özetleri incelenmiştir. Konuya uygun olduğuna karar verilen çalışmalardan deneysel çalışmalar, meta-analiz çalışmaları, sistematik incelemeler ve deneysel çalışmaların tam metni okunarak yazılan kitaplar incelenerek konu hakkında kapsamlı bir bütünlük oluşturulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Batt J., Dos Santos CC., Cameron JI, Herridge MS.(2013). Intensive care unit-acquired weakness: clinical phenotypes and molecular mechanisms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 187(3):238-46.
  • Bertero E., O'Rourke B., Maack C.(2020). Mitochondria Do Not Survive Calcium Overload During Transplantation. Circ Res. 126(6):784-6.
  • Bonfiglio JJ., Inda C, Holsboer F.(2011). The corticotropin-releasing hormone network and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrinology, 1428: 12-20
  • Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol 2012;2(2):1143-1211.
  • Cahill GF., Jr., D.(2006). Fuel metabolism in starvation. Annu Rev Nutr. 26:1-22.
  • Chaudhry R., Usama SM., Babiker HM.(2022). Physiology, coagulation pathways. StatPearls In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.29. Affiliations expand, PMID: 29489185.Bookshelf ID: NBK482253
  • Chen YW., Gregory CM., Scarborough MT., Shi R., Walter GA., Vandenborne K.(2007). Transcriptional pathways associated with skeletal muscle disuse atrophy in humans. Physiol Genomics. 31(3):510-20.
  • Dalla Libera L., Ravara B., Gobbo V., Tarricone E., Vitadello M., Biolo G, et al.(2009). A transient antioxidant stress response accompanies the onset of disuse atrophy in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 107(2):549-57.
  • Dalla Libera L., Ravara B., Gobbo V., Tarricone E., Vitadello M., Biolo G., et al.(2009). A transient antioxidant stress response accompanies the onset of disuse atrophy in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 107(2):549-57.
  • Demiryürek Ş., Babül A. (2004). Effects of vitamin E and electrical stimulation on the denervated rat gastrocnemius muscle malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. International Journal of Neuroscience, 114: 45-54.
  • Dirks ML., Wall BT., Van de Valk B., Holloway TM., Holloway GP., Chabowski A., et al.(2016). One Week of Bed Rest Leads to Substantial Muscle Atrophy and Induces Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in the Absence of Skeletal Muscle Lipid Accumulation. Diabetes. 65(10):2862-75.
  • Dollery CM., Ewan JR., Henney AM.(1995). Matrix metalloproteinases and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res, 77: 863-868
  • Frise CJ., Mackillop L., Joash K., Williamson C. (2013).Starvation ketoacidosis in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 167(1):1-7.
  • Furuno, K., Goodman, M.N., Goldberg A.L. (1990). Role of different proteolytic systems in degradation of muscle protein during denervation atrophy. Journal Biological Chemistry, 265 (15): 8550-8557.
  • Gomez-Cabrera MC., Arc-Chagnaud C., Salvador-Pascual A., Brioche T, Chopard A., Olaso-Gonzalez G., et al.(2020). Redox modulation of muscle mass and function. Redox Biology. 35:101531
  • Gomez-Cabrera MC., Salvador-Pascual A., Cabo H., Ferrando B, Viña J.(2015). Redox modulation of mitochondriogenesis in exercise. Does antioxidant supplementation blunt the benefits of exercise training? Free Radic Biol Med. 86:37-46.
  • Gomez-Cabrera MC., Salvador-Pascual A., Cabo H, Ferrando B., Viña J.(2015). Redox modulation of mitochondriogenesis in exercise. Does antioxidant supplementation blunt the benefits of exercise training? Free Radic Biol Med. 86:37-46.
  • Gulati K., Chakraborti A., Ray A.(2009). Differential role of nitric oxide (NO) in acute and chronic stress induced neurobehavioral modulation and oxidative injury in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 92(2): 272-6
  • Günay M., Baltacı AK., Şıktar E., Şıktar E. (2018). Egzersiz ve solunum. Gazi Kitabevi Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Güven A., Nur G., Deveci HA.(2021). Liver Injury Due to Chemıcal Poisoning and Antioxidant Defense System, Oxsidative Stres and Defanse System. Editör: Aysel Güven. Paris: Livre de Lyon
  • Güven A., Yılmaz S.(2005). Hiperkolesterolemi oluşturulmuş tavşanlarda kefirin total kolesterol, trigliserid, HDL-kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol ve lipid peroksidasyonu üzerine etkisi. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 10(2):170-174.
  • Haapala J., Arokoski JP., Hyttinen MM., Lammi M., Tammi M., Kovanen V., et al.(1999). Remobilization does not fully restore immobilization induced articular cartilage atrophy. Clin Orthop Relat Res (362):218-29.
  • Heinonen OJ. (1996). Carnitine and physical exercise. Journal Sports Medicine, 22(2), 109-132.
  • Huertas R., Campos Y., Diaz E., Esteban J., Vechiet L., Montanari G., D’Iddio S. (1992). Respiratory Chain Enzymes in Muscle of Endurance Athletes: Effects of L-Carnitine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 15, 188(1), 102-107
  • Huertas R., Campos Y., Diaz E., Esteban J., Vechiet L., Montanari G., D’Iddio, S. (1992). Respiratory Chain Enzymes in Muscle of Endurance Athletes: Effects of L-Carnitine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 15, 188(1), 102-107
  • Kandarian SC., Jackman RW.(2006). Intracellular signaling during skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve. 33(2):155-65.
  • Kessler RC., Sonnega A.(1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52: 1048-1060
  • Koesterer, TJ., Dodd SL., Powers S. (2002). Increased antioxidant capacity does not attenuate muscle atroph caused by unweighting. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93:1959-1965
  • Koesterer TJ., Dodd SL., Powers S. (2002). Increased antioxidant capacity does not attenuate muscle atroph caused by unweighting. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93:1959-1965.
  • Kondo H., Miura M., Itokawa Y.(1991). Oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization. Acta Physiol Scand. 142(4):527-8
  • Kondo H., Nakagaki I., Sasaki S., Hori S., Itokawa Y.(1993). Mechanism of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization. Am J Physiol. 265(6 Pt 1):E839-44.
  • Malavaki CJ., Sakkas GK., Mitrou GI., Kalyva A., Stefanidis I., Myburgh KH., et al.(2015). Skeletal muscle atrophy: disease-induced mechanisms may mask disuse atrophy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 36(6):405-21.
  • Min K., Smuder AJ., Kwon OS., Kavazis AN., Szeto HH., Powers SK.(20121). Mitochondrialtargeted antioxidants protect skeletal muscle against immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. J Appl Physiol (1985), 111(5):1459-66.
  • Mosole S, Carraro U, Kern H et al. Long-term high-level exercise promotes muscle reinnervation with age. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014;73(4):284-94.
  • Palmer BF. · Clegg DJ. (2021). Starvation Ketosis and the Kidny, Am J Nephrol, 52:467–478
  • Palmer BF., Clegg DJ.(2015). Electrolyte and acidbase disturbances in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 373(6):548– 59.
  • Pamplona R.(2008). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Membrane phospholipids, lipoxidative damage and molecular integrity: A causal role in aging and longevity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1777:1249-1262
  • Paşaoğlu H., Günay M., Paşaoğlu ÖT., Keskin K. (2019). Egzersiz Biyokimyası (1. ed.): Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Pedersen BK.(2013). Muscle as a secretory organ. Compr Physiol. 3(3):1337-62.
  • Pedreañez A., Arcaya JL., Carrizo E.(2011). Experimental depression induces renal oxidative stress in rats. Physiol Behav, 104(5): 1002-9
  • Pellegrino MA., Desaphy JF., Brocca L., Pierno S., Camerino DC., Bottinelli R.(2006). Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy. J Physiol. 2011;589(Pt 9):2147-60.
  • Peyroux J., Sternberg M.(2006). Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs): pharmacological inhibition in diabetes. Pathologie Biologie, 54: 405-419
  • Powers SK., Smuder AJ., Criswell DS. (2011). Mechanistic links between oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy. Antioxid Redox Signal.15(9):2519-28.
  • Powers SK., Smuder AJ., Judge AR.(2012). Oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy: cause or consequence? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 15(3):240-5.
  • Rahbar S.(2005). The Discovery of glycated hemoglobin. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci, 1043: 9-19
  • Rui L.(2014). Energy metabolism in the liver. Compr Physiol. 4(1):177-97
  • Saretzki G., Von Zglinicki T.(2002). Replicative aging, telomeres, and oxidative stress. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 959:24-9. 53
  • Sever MS., Vanholder R et al.(2012). The Workgroup on Recommendations for the Management of Crush Victims in Mass Disasters. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:1–67.
  • Stadtman ER., Oliver CN. (1991). Metal-catalyzed oxidation of proteins. Physiological consequences. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266(4):2005-8.
  • Telci A., Cakatay U., Kayali R., Erdoğan C., Orhan Y., Sivas A., et al.(2000). Oxidative protein damage in plasma of type 2 diabetic patients. Horm Metab Res. 32(1):40-3.
  • Tretter L, Takacs K., Kövér K., Adam-Vizi V. (2007). Stimulation of H(2)O(2) generation by calcium in brain mitochondria respiring on alpha-glycerophosphate. J Neurosci Res. 85(15):3471-9.
  • Tsigos C., Chrousos GP.(2002). Hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53: 865-871
  • Whidden MA., McClung JM., Falk DJ., Hudson MB., Smuder AJ., Nelson WB., et al.(2009). Xanthine oxidase contributes to mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic oxidative stress and contractile dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985). 106(2):385
  • Whidden MA., Smuder AJ., Wu M., Hudson MB., Nelson WB., Powers SK.(2010). Oxidative stress is required for mechanical ventilation-induced protease activation in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985). 108(5):1376-82.
  • Malaeb SN. Stonestreet BS.(2007). Encyclopedia of stress 2nh.Edition- May8. Editör-in- Chief: George Fink Hercover ISBN:9780120885039 e-Book, Pages 342-348

Metabolic Disorders That May Occur in The Immobilization Process of Organisms in Earthquake

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 85 - 91, 05.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.58688/kujs.1355979

Öz

Deadly earthquakes have become a frequent event in the world and in our country. Therefore, it is a study conducted to understand the factors associated with hospitalized death during and after the earthquake, to reduce the mortality rate in patients hospitalized after the earthquake, and to help reduce chronic diseases and metabolic disorders. To date, different factors related to inpatient deaths in earthquakes have been discussed. In this study, Pub Med, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Google Academy and ULAKBİM electronic databases" earthquake" "immobilization" "exercise and pH balance", "acidosis", "ketosis" " immobilization" “oxidative stress” and other keywords. The titles and abstracts of all related articles reached by electronic scanning were reviewed. From the studies that were decided to be suitable for the subject, experimental studies, meta-analysis studies, systematic reviews and books written by reading the full text of the experimental studies were examined to create a comprehensive integrity on the subject.

Kaynakça

  • Batt J., Dos Santos CC., Cameron JI, Herridge MS.(2013). Intensive care unit-acquired weakness: clinical phenotypes and molecular mechanisms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 187(3):238-46.
  • Bertero E., O'Rourke B., Maack C.(2020). Mitochondria Do Not Survive Calcium Overload During Transplantation. Circ Res. 126(6):784-6.
  • Bonfiglio JJ., Inda C, Holsboer F.(2011). The corticotropin-releasing hormone network and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrinology, 1428: 12-20
  • Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol 2012;2(2):1143-1211.
  • Cahill GF., Jr., D.(2006). Fuel metabolism in starvation. Annu Rev Nutr. 26:1-22.
  • Chaudhry R., Usama SM., Babiker HM.(2022). Physiology, coagulation pathways. StatPearls In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.29. Affiliations expand, PMID: 29489185.Bookshelf ID: NBK482253
  • Chen YW., Gregory CM., Scarborough MT., Shi R., Walter GA., Vandenborne K.(2007). Transcriptional pathways associated with skeletal muscle disuse atrophy in humans. Physiol Genomics. 31(3):510-20.
  • Dalla Libera L., Ravara B., Gobbo V., Tarricone E., Vitadello M., Biolo G, et al.(2009). A transient antioxidant stress response accompanies the onset of disuse atrophy in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 107(2):549-57.
  • Dalla Libera L., Ravara B., Gobbo V., Tarricone E., Vitadello M., Biolo G., et al.(2009). A transient antioxidant stress response accompanies the onset of disuse atrophy in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 107(2):549-57.
  • Demiryürek Ş., Babül A. (2004). Effects of vitamin E and electrical stimulation on the denervated rat gastrocnemius muscle malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. International Journal of Neuroscience, 114: 45-54.
  • Dirks ML., Wall BT., Van de Valk B., Holloway TM., Holloway GP., Chabowski A., et al.(2016). One Week of Bed Rest Leads to Substantial Muscle Atrophy and Induces Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in the Absence of Skeletal Muscle Lipid Accumulation. Diabetes. 65(10):2862-75.
  • Dollery CM., Ewan JR., Henney AM.(1995). Matrix metalloproteinases and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res, 77: 863-868
  • Frise CJ., Mackillop L., Joash K., Williamson C. (2013).Starvation ketoacidosis in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 167(1):1-7.
  • Furuno, K., Goodman, M.N., Goldberg A.L. (1990). Role of different proteolytic systems in degradation of muscle protein during denervation atrophy. Journal Biological Chemistry, 265 (15): 8550-8557.
  • Gomez-Cabrera MC., Arc-Chagnaud C., Salvador-Pascual A., Brioche T, Chopard A., Olaso-Gonzalez G., et al.(2020). Redox modulation of muscle mass and function. Redox Biology. 35:101531
  • Gomez-Cabrera MC., Salvador-Pascual A., Cabo H., Ferrando B, Viña J.(2015). Redox modulation of mitochondriogenesis in exercise. Does antioxidant supplementation blunt the benefits of exercise training? Free Radic Biol Med. 86:37-46.
  • Gomez-Cabrera MC., Salvador-Pascual A., Cabo H, Ferrando B., Viña J.(2015). Redox modulation of mitochondriogenesis in exercise. Does antioxidant supplementation blunt the benefits of exercise training? Free Radic Biol Med. 86:37-46.
  • Gulati K., Chakraborti A., Ray A.(2009). Differential role of nitric oxide (NO) in acute and chronic stress induced neurobehavioral modulation and oxidative injury in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 92(2): 272-6
  • Günay M., Baltacı AK., Şıktar E., Şıktar E. (2018). Egzersiz ve solunum. Gazi Kitabevi Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Güven A., Nur G., Deveci HA.(2021). Liver Injury Due to Chemıcal Poisoning and Antioxidant Defense System, Oxsidative Stres and Defanse System. Editör: Aysel Güven. Paris: Livre de Lyon
  • Güven A., Yılmaz S.(2005). Hiperkolesterolemi oluşturulmuş tavşanlarda kefirin total kolesterol, trigliserid, HDL-kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol ve lipid peroksidasyonu üzerine etkisi. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 10(2):170-174.
  • Haapala J., Arokoski JP., Hyttinen MM., Lammi M., Tammi M., Kovanen V., et al.(1999). Remobilization does not fully restore immobilization induced articular cartilage atrophy. Clin Orthop Relat Res (362):218-29.
  • Heinonen OJ. (1996). Carnitine and physical exercise. Journal Sports Medicine, 22(2), 109-132.
  • Huertas R., Campos Y., Diaz E., Esteban J., Vechiet L., Montanari G., D’Iddio S. (1992). Respiratory Chain Enzymes in Muscle of Endurance Athletes: Effects of L-Carnitine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 15, 188(1), 102-107
  • Huertas R., Campos Y., Diaz E., Esteban J., Vechiet L., Montanari G., D’Iddio, S. (1992). Respiratory Chain Enzymes in Muscle of Endurance Athletes: Effects of L-Carnitine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 15, 188(1), 102-107
  • Kandarian SC., Jackman RW.(2006). Intracellular signaling during skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve. 33(2):155-65.
  • Kessler RC., Sonnega A.(1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52: 1048-1060
  • Koesterer, TJ., Dodd SL., Powers S. (2002). Increased antioxidant capacity does not attenuate muscle atroph caused by unweighting. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93:1959-1965
  • Koesterer TJ., Dodd SL., Powers S. (2002). Increased antioxidant capacity does not attenuate muscle atroph caused by unweighting. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93:1959-1965.
  • Kondo H., Miura M., Itokawa Y.(1991). Oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization. Acta Physiol Scand. 142(4):527-8
  • Kondo H., Nakagaki I., Sasaki S., Hori S., Itokawa Y.(1993). Mechanism of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization. Am J Physiol. 265(6 Pt 1):E839-44.
  • Malavaki CJ., Sakkas GK., Mitrou GI., Kalyva A., Stefanidis I., Myburgh KH., et al.(2015). Skeletal muscle atrophy: disease-induced mechanisms may mask disuse atrophy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 36(6):405-21.
  • Min K., Smuder AJ., Kwon OS., Kavazis AN., Szeto HH., Powers SK.(20121). Mitochondrialtargeted antioxidants protect skeletal muscle against immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. J Appl Physiol (1985), 111(5):1459-66.
  • Mosole S, Carraro U, Kern H et al. Long-term high-level exercise promotes muscle reinnervation with age. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014;73(4):284-94.
  • Palmer BF. · Clegg DJ. (2021). Starvation Ketosis and the Kidny, Am J Nephrol, 52:467–478
  • Palmer BF., Clegg DJ.(2015). Electrolyte and acidbase disturbances in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 373(6):548– 59.
  • Pamplona R.(2008). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Membrane phospholipids, lipoxidative damage and molecular integrity: A causal role in aging and longevity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1777:1249-1262
  • Paşaoğlu H., Günay M., Paşaoğlu ÖT., Keskin K. (2019). Egzersiz Biyokimyası (1. ed.): Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Pedersen BK.(2013). Muscle as a secretory organ. Compr Physiol. 3(3):1337-62.
  • Pedreañez A., Arcaya JL., Carrizo E.(2011). Experimental depression induces renal oxidative stress in rats. Physiol Behav, 104(5): 1002-9
  • Pellegrino MA., Desaphy JF., Brocca L., Pierno S., Camerino DC., Bottinelli R.(2006). Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy. J Physiol. 2011;589(Pt 9):2147-60.
  • Peyroux J., Sternberg M.(2006). Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs): pharmacological inhibition in diabetes. Pathologie Biologie, 54: 405-419
  • Powers SK., Smuder AJ., Criswell DS. (2011). Mechanistic links between oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy. Antioxid Redox Signal.15(9):2519-28.
  • Powers SK., Smuder AJ., Judge AR.(2012). Oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy: cause or consequence? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 15(3):240-5.
  • Rahbar S.(2005). The Discovery of glycated hemoglobin. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci, 1043: 9-19
  • Rui L.(2014). Energy metabolism in the liver. Compr Physiol. 4(1):177-97
  • Saretzki G., Von Zglinicki T.(2002). Replicative aging, telomeres, and oxidative stress. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 959:24-9. 53
  • Sever MS., Vanholder R et al.(2012). The Workgroup on Recommendations for the Management of Crush Victims in Mass Disasters. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:1–67.
  • Stadtman ER., Oliver CN. (1991). Metal-catalyzed oxidation of proteins. Physiological consequences. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266(4):2005-8.
  • Telci A., Cakatay U., Kayali R., Erdoğan C., Orhan Y., Sivas A., et al.(2000). Oxidative protein damage in plasma of type 2 diabetic patients. Horm Metab Res. 32(1):40-3.
  • Tretter L, Takacs K., Kövér K., Adam-Vizi V. (2007). Stimulation of H(2)O(2) generation by calcium in brain mitochondria respiring on alpha-glycerophosphate. J Neurosci Res. 85(15):3471-9.
  • Tsigos C., Chrousos GP.(2002). Hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53: 865-871
  • Whidden MA., McClung JM., Falk DJ., Hudson MB., Smuder AJ., Nelson WB., et al.(2009). Xanthine oxidase contributes to mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic oxidative stress and contractile dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985). 106(2):385
  • Whidden MA., Smuder AJ., Wu M., Hudson MB., Nelson WB., Powers SK.(2010). Oxidative stress is required for mechanical ventilation-induced protease activation in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985). 108(5):1376-82.
  • Malaeb SN. Stonestreet BS.(2007). Encyclopedia of stress 2nh.Edition- May8. Editör-in- Chief: George Fink Hercover ISBN:9780120885039 e-Book, Pages 342-348
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hücre Metabolizması
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aysel Güven 0000-0001-7511-7105

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güven, A. (2024). Metabolic Disorders That May Occur in The Immobilization Process of Organisms in Earthquake. Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.58688/kujs.1355979