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Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 17, 247 - 271, 10.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1286645

Öz

16. yüzyılda başlayan reform oluşumları, bir asır sonra Aydınlanma sürecini getirirken, rasyonelleşmeyi ve sekülerleşmeyi birbirine bağladı. Reformasyon sürecinde öne çıkmaya başlayan katı bilimsel görüşler, 16. yüzyılda Galileo Galilei ile ve bir asır sonra da Newton ile rüştünü ispatlayınca, benzer dalga sosyal alanda da vuku buldu. O zamana kadar egemen olan gelenek, yani kilise, despotik otorite ve kültürel yapı, bilimsel, felsefi görüşlerle sorgulanmaya girişildi. Çok boyutlu bir dönüşümü işaret eden Aydınlanma süreci, oldukça karmaşık ve açıklama açısından, bir o kadar da tartışmalı bir dönemdir. Makalede, Batı medeniyetinde ortaya çıkan Aydınlanma, rasyonelleşme ve sekülerleşme süreçlerinin, ülkemizde yapılagelen kavramsallaştırmalarında, gecikmiş modernitenin özgünlüğünün dikkate alınmamasından kaynaklanan yöntem yanlışlarının olduğu savunuldu. Bu amaçla, modern çağın bilişsel kabiliyetlerini inşa eden bu sürecin, bilişsel sosyolojik açıdan ele alınması gerektiği ileri sürüldü. Düşünsel ve sosyo-kültürel yapıyı kısıtlayan katı dini yapının kırılarak, deneysel düşüncenin pratik olarak hayata geçirilme süreci olan seküler modernite, algısal deneyim çalışması biçiminde inşa edildi. Aydınlanma sürecinin kasıtlı rasyonellikle ortaya çıkardığı seküler modernitenin, dil ve dini, dönüşlü etkileşime tabi kılarak, aklın evrensel algısını ve gerçekliğin yerel standartlarını nasıl artırdığı incelendi. Bu bağlamda, seküler dil ile dinin yapının etkileşimli süreci ortaya çıkarılarak, sekülerleşmenin algısal deneyime dayalı olduğu savı bilişsel olarak yapılandırıldı.

Kaynakça

  • Abdelkader, Deina A. (2011). Islamic Activists the Anti-Enlightenment Democrats. London: Pluto Press.
  • Baker, Lynne R. (2013). Naturalism and the First-Person Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Berlin, Isaiah (1997). The Proper Study of Mankind. London: Random House.
  • Bickerton, Derek (2016). Roots of Language. Berlin: Language Science Press.
  • Calloway, Katherine (2014). Natural Theology İn The Scientific Revolution: God’s Scientists. London: Pickering & Chatto.
  • Cassirer, Ernst (1951). The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Cetina, Karin Knorr (1999). Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Chomsky, Noam (2002). On Nature and Language. Ed. Adriana Belletti. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cicourel, Aaron Victor (1974). Cognitive Sociology: Language and Meaning in Social Interaction. New York: Free Press.
  • du Toit, Cornel W. (2009). “Secular Spirituality Versus Secular Dualism: Towards Post Secular Holism as Model for a Natural Theology”. HTS Teologiese Studies, 62(4): 1251-1268.
  • Dupré, Louis (2004). The Enlightenment and the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Culture. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
  • Eamon, William (1994). Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture. New Jersey: Princeton University.
  • Eco, Umberto (1995). The Search for the Perfect Language. Trans. J. Fentress. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Funkenstein, Amos (1986). Theology and the Scientific Imagination. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Gaukroger, Stephen (2006). The Emergence of Scientific Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz (1981). Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law. Trans. A. a. Hamori. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Gray, John (1995). Enlightenment’s Wake. New York: Routledge.
  • Hammer, Espen (2011). Philosophy and Temporality from Kant to Critical Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Huff, Toby E. (2003). The Rise of Early Modern Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Irving, Sarah (2008). Natural Science and the Origins of the British Empire. London: Pickering & Chatto.
  • Jackendoff, Ray S. (1983). Semantics and Cognition. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Jacob, Margaret C. (1998). The Cultural Meaning of the Scientific Revolution. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Jorink, Eric & Zuidervaart, Huib (2012). “How Isaac Newton was Fashioned in the Netherlands”. Newton and the Netherlands. Eds. Eric Jorink & Ad Maas. Amsterdam: Leiden University Press, 13-66.
  • Jusdanis, Gregory (2018). Gecikmiş Modernlik ve Estetik Kültür. Çev. T. Birkan. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Kors, Alan Charles (2016). Naturalism and Unbelief in France, 1650-1729. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koyré, Alexandre (1957). From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Kuhn, Thomas S. (1985). The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kusukawa, Sachiko (1995). The Transformation of Natural Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lilla, Mark (2007). The Stillborn God. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Losonsky, Michael (2006). Linguistic Turns in Modern Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Makdisi, George (1984). The Rise of Colleges. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Moss, Ann (2011). Renaissance Truth and the Latin Language Turn. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nauta, Lodi (2009). In Defense of Common Sense: Lorenzo Valla's Humanist Critique of Scholastic Philosophy. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: Harvard University Press.
  • Perreiah, Alan R. (2014). Renaissance Truths: Humanism, Scholasticism and the Search for the Perfect Language. Burlington: Ashgate.
  • Ritzer, George (2005). Encyclopedia of Social Theory. California: Sage Pub.
  • Rorty, Richard (1979). Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Schleifer, Ronald (2000). Modernism and Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Scruton, Roger (1995). A Short History of Modern Philosophy. New York: Routledge.
  • Secada, Jorge (2004). Cartesian Metaphysics the Late Scholastic Origins of Modern Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternhell, Zeev (2010). The Anti-Enlightenment Tradition. Trans. D. Maisel. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Strydom, Piet (2006). “Contemporary European Cognitive Social Theory”. Handbook of Contemporary European Social Theory. Ed. G. Delanty. London: Routledge, 218-229.
  • Taylor, John R. (1995). Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes in Linguistic Theory. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • Waswo, Richard (1987). Language and Meaning in the Renaissance. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Yıldız, Ethem ve Ak, Muammer (2002). Doğu Karadeniz'de Kültürel Kimlik. İstanbul: Çatı Yayınları.
  • Zerubavel, Eviatar (1991). The Fine Line: Making Distinctions in Everyday Life. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Zerubavel, Eviatar (1999). Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive Sociology. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Cognitive Sociological Portrait of Secular Modernity: The Study of Perceptual Experience in Delayed Modernity

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 17, 247 - 271, 10.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1286645

Öz

The reform formations which began in the 16th century linked rationalization and secularization, bringing the Enlightenment process a century later. When the strict scientific views that came to the fore in the reform process came of Age with Galileo Galilei in the 16th century and Newton a century later, the same wave spread to the social sphere. The tradition that had dominated until then, namely the church, the despotic authority and the cultural structure, was attempted to be challenged by scientific and philosophical views. The Enlightenment process, which marks a multi-dimensional transformation, is a very complex and contentious period in terms of explanation. In the article, it was argued that there are methodological errors in the conceptualizations of the Enlightenment, rationalization, and secularization processes that emerged in Western civilization, resulting from not taking into account the originality of delayed modernity. For this purpose, it has been argued that this process, which builds the cognitive abilities of the modern age, should be addressed from a cognitive sociological perspective. Secular modernity, which is the process of putting experimental thought into practice by breaking the rigid religious structure that restricts the intellectual and socio-cultural structure, was built in the form of perceptual experience work. It is examined how secular modernity, which the enlightenment process uncovered with deliberate rationality, increased the universal perception of the mind and the local standards of reality by subjecting language and religion to reflexive interaction. In this context, by revealing the interactive process of secular language and religion, the argument that secularization is based on perceptual experience was cognitively structured.

Kaynakça

  • Abdelkader, Deina A. (2011). Islamic Activists the Anti-Enlightenment Democrats. London: Pluto Press.
  • Baker, Lynne R. (2013). Naturalism and the First-Person Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Berlin, Isaiah (1997). The Proper Study of Mankind. London: Random House.
  • Bickerton, Derek (2016). Roots of Language. Berlin: Language Science Press.
  • Calloway, Katherine (2014). Natural Theology İn The Scientific Revolution: God’s Scientists. London: Pickering & Chatto.
  • Cassirer, Ernst (1951). The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Cetina, Karin Knorr (1999). Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Chomsky, Noam (2002). On Nature and Language. Ed. Adriana Belletti. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cicourel, Aaron Victor (1974). Cognitive Sociology: Language and Meaning in Social Interaction. New York: Free Press.
  • du Toit, Cornel W. (2009). “Secular Spirituality Versus Secular Dualism: Towards Post Secular Holism as Model for a Natural Theology”. HTS Teologiese Studies, 62(4): 1251-1268.
  • Dupré, Louis (2004). The Enlightenment and the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Culture. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
  • Eamon, William (1994). Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture. New Jersey: Princeton University.
  • Eco, Umberto (1995). The Search for the Perfect Language. Trans. J. Fentress. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Funkenstein, Amos (1986). Theology and the Scientific Imagination. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Gaukroger, Stephen (2006). The Emergence of Scientific Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldziher, Ignaz (1981). Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law. Trans. A. a. Hamori. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Gray, John (1995). Enlightenment’s Wake. New York: Routledge.
  • Hammer, Espen (2011). Philosophy and Temporality from Kant to Critical Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Huff, Toby E. (2003). The Rise of Early Modern Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Irving, Sarah (2008). Natural Science and the Origins of the British Empire. London: Pickering & Chatto.
  • Jackendoff, Ray S. (1983). Semantics and Cognition. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Jacob, Margaret C. (1998). The Cultural Meaning of the Scientific Revolution. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Jorink, Eric & Zuidervaart, Huib (2012). “How Isaac Newton was Fashioned in the Netherlands”. Newton and the Netherlands. Eds. Eric Jorink & Ad Maas. Amsterdam: Leiden University Press, 13-66.
  • Jusdanis, Gregory (2018). Gecikmiş Modernlik ve Estetik Kültür. Çev. T. Birkan. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Kors, Alan Charles (2016). Naturalism and Unbelief in France, 1650-1729. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Koyré, Alexandre (1957). From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Kuhn, Thomas S. (1985). The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kusukawa, Sachiko (1995). The Transformation of Natural Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lilla, Mark (2007). The Stillborn God. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Losonsky, Michael (2006). Linguistic Turns in Modern Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Makdisi, George (1984). The Rise of Colleges. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Moss, Ann (2011). Renaissance Truth and the Latin Language Turn. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nauta, Lodi (2009). In Defense of Common Sense: Lorenzo Valla's Humanist Critique of Scholastic Philosophy. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: Harvard University Press.
  • Perreiah, Alan R. (2014). Renaissance Truths: Humanism, Scholasticism and the Search for the Perfect Language. Burlington: Ashgate.
  • Ritzer, George (2005). Encyclopedia of Social Theory. California: Sage Pub.
  • Rorty, Richard (1979). Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Schleifer, Ronald (2000). Modernism and Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Scruton, Roger (1995). A Short History of Modern Philosophy. New York: Routledge.
  • Secada, Jorge (2004). Cartesian Metaphysics the Late Scholastic Origins of Modern Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sternhell, Zeev (2010). The Anti-Enlightenment Tradition. Trans. D. Maisel. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Strydom, Piet (2006). “Contemporary European Cognitive Social Theory”. Handbook of Contemporary European Social Theory. Ed. G. Delanty. London: Routledge, 218-229.
  • Taylor, John R. (1995). Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes in Linguistic Theory. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
  • Waswo, Richard (1987). Language and Meaning in the Renaissance. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Yıldız, Ethem ve Ak, Muammer (2002). Doğu Karadeniz'de Kültürel Kimlik. İstanbul: Çatı Yayınları.
  • Zerubavel, Eviatar (1991). The Fine Line: Making Distinctions in Everyday Life. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Zerubavel, Eviatar (1999). Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive Sociology. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ethem Yıldız 0000-0002-8891-563X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, E. (2023). Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi(17), 247-271. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1286645
AMA Yıldız E. Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması. KAD. Haziran 2023;(17):247-271. doi:10.46250/kulturder.1286645
Chicago Yıldız, Ethem. “Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 17 (Haziran 2023): 247-71. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1286645.
EndNote Yıldız E (01 Haziran 2023) Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 17 247–271.
IEEE E. Yıldız, “Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması”, KAD, sy. 17, ss. 247–271, Haziran 2023, doi: 10.46250/kulturder.1286645.
ISNAD Yıldız, Ethem. “Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi 17 (Haziran 2023), 247-271. https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1286645.
JAMA Yıldız E. Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması. KAD. 2023;:247–271.
MLA Yıldız, Ethem. “Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması”. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 17, 2023, ss. 247-71, doi:10.46250/kulturder.1286645.
Vancouver Yıldız E. Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması. KAD. 2023(17):247-71.